What about the guys? An assessment of gender differences in hereditary colorectal cancer testing.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 537-537
Author(s):  
Carin Espenschied ◽  
Jonathan Pepper ◽  
Rachel E. McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures

537 Background: Approximately 5-10% of colorectal cancer (CRC) is due to hereditary causes. Identification of an inherited cause may impact surgical and treatment decisions for CRC patients and may identify increased risks for other cancers that warrant increased screening and/or risk reduction measures. Men have testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer less often than women, even though these genes may also cause increased risk for cancer in men and men are as likely as women to carry mutations in these genes and pass them onto their children. We aimed to explore whether similar gender differences exist related to testing for hereditary CRC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data and test results from consecutive CRC cases, who had a multi-gene panel with 13-49 genes at our laboratory, between March 2012 and June 2016. Statistical comparisons between males and females were conducted using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Of CRC cases (n = 7142), 61.1% were female and 12.8% were positive for mutation or likely pathogenic variant. Average age of CRC onset for men was 47.2, and for women was 49.5. Women with CRC before age 20 had the highest mutation rate (31.8%), but men were more likely to test positive than women overall (14.1% vs 12.0%, p = 1.1e-2). Mutations were most frequent in the same three genes for both men and women, but in different orders: MLH1, CHEK2, and MSH2 for males and CHEK2, MSH2, and MLH1 for females. The only genes with significant differences in mutation rates between men and women were MLH1 (3.2% vs 1.5%, p = 2.0e-6) and MSH6(1.7% vs 0.8%, p = 3.0e-3). Conclusions: Hereditary CRC is expected to affect men and women equally. In our cohort, however, the majority of individuals tested were women, while men were more likely to test positive. Possible explanations include smaller sample size and earlier age of onset in men, perceptions of referring clinicians, and different levels of interest in genetic counseling and testing between male and female patients. These data highlight an important opportunity for educating and identifying more men with hereditary CRC who may benefit from genetic information. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and explore reasons for the differences.

Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin Use on Survival After Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis: The Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed N. Dehal ◽  
Christina C. Newton ◽  
Eric J. Jacobs ◽  
Alpa V. Patel ◽  
Susan M. Gapstur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Insulin Use

Purpose To examine the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and survival among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and to evaluate whether this association varies by sex, insulin treatment, and durations of T2DM and insulin use. Patients and Methods This study was conducted among 2,278 men and women diagnosed with nonmetastatic colon or rectal cancer between 1992 and 2007 in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort, a prospective study of cancer incidence. In 1992 to 1993, participants completed a detailed, self-administrated questionnaire. Vital status and cause of death were ascertained through the end of 2008. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Among the 2,278 men and women with nonmetastatic CRC, there were 842 deaths by the end of follow-up (including 377 deaths from CRC and 152 deaths from cardiovascular disease [CVD]). Among men and women combined, compared with patients without T2DM, patients with CRC and T2DM were at higher risk of all-cause mortality (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.83), CRC-specific mortality (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.70), and CVD-specific mortality (RR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.44 to 3.24), with no apparent differences by sex or durations of T2DM or insulin use. Insulin use, compared with no T2DM, was associated with increased risk of death from all causes (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.31) and CVD (RR, 3.87; 95% CI, 2.12 to 7.08) but not from CRC (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.28 to 1.19). Conclusion Patients with CRC and T2DM have a higher risk of mortality than patients with CRC who do not have T2DM, especially a higher risk of death from CVD.

Obesity and menopausal status as determinants of procarcinogenic breast inflammation.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (26_suppl) ◽  
pp. 40-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil M. Iyengar ◽  
Patrick Glyn Morris ◽  
Xi Kathy Zhou ◽  
Ayca Gucalp ◽  
Dilip D. Giri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Nih Image ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Positive ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Breast Inflammation

40 Background: Chronic inflammation predisposes to several malignancies. We previously demonstrated an obesity → inflammation → aromatase axis in breast tissue. As obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal (PoM) but not premenopausal (PreM) breast cancer (BC), we examined whether menopause and body mass index (BMI) independently impact breast white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation. Methods: WAT was prospectively collected from patients (pts) from 04/10 to 08/13. WAT inflammation, detected by CD68 immunohistochemistry, was defined by the presence of dead or dying adipocytes surrounded by an envelope of macrophages known as crown-like structures of the breast (CLS-B). WAT area was measured with NIH Image J. Adipocyte diameter was measured with Canvas 11 Software. Endpoints were 1) CLS-B (+/-) and 2) CLS-B/cm2. Clinicopathologic associations with CLS-B were analyzed by logistic regression and Fisher’s exact test. Results: WAT (237 mastectomies, 13 abdominal reconstructions) was obtained from 238 pts; median age 48 (range 22 to 90). CLS-B occurrence and number of CLS-B/cm2 were greater in overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25) and PoM pts compared to lean (BMI < 25) and PreM pts (Table). In multivariable analyses, BMI and PoM state were independently associated with CLS-B presence (p <.01 and p = .04) and greater CLS-B/cm2(p < .01 and p = .01). PoM pts had larger mean adipocyte diameter (105.2 +/- 14.0 μ) than PreM pts (95.7 +/-15.6 μ; p < 0.01). In pts with bilateral breast WAT and abdominal WAT, concordant CLS status (+/-) was found in 49/63 (78%) and 10/13 (77%) pts, respectively. Conclusions: Breast WAT inflammation (both presence and severity), which we have previously linked to increased aromatase activity, is associated with both increased BMI and menopause. These findings can explain the increased risk of estrogen receptor–positive BC with obesity and PoM status and may also provide targets for rational therapies. [Table: see text]

Exploring the Logic of Gender Complementarity using Chimakonam’s Ezumezu System

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Eric Ndoma Besong
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Gender Complementarity ◽  
Males And Females

In this essay, I want to argue that the existence of gender most times translated as gender binary, is a biological fact. What is at stake is a framework for transcending unequal gender binary to gender complementarity. Here, I propose to use Chimakonam’s Ezumezu logic as a mechanism for disclosing gender complementarity. The illogical, irrational and subjective perspectives on lopsided gender  differences between men and women will be challenged in this essay. I will analyze the thrust of Ezumezu logic, its major principles, structures, and pillars of thought. I will also demonstrate its global and contextual relevance. I will submit that Ezumezu logic can ground gender complementarity across global cultures. I argue that regardless of the physical differences between males and females, it is illogical to exploit such differences to promote gender stereotype. Keywords: Gender equality, Ezumezu Logic, Gender Complementarity, Jonathan Chimakonam

scholarly journals Gender, Clinical Presentation And Risk Factors in Acute Coronary Syndrome under 45 years A Comparison Study

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 620-622
Author(s):  
Md Moniruzzaman ◽  
Fazila Tun Nesa Malik ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Md Annaz Mus Sakib ◽  
Soumen Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Common Risk Factor ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a common cause of disability and death, and when it happens in young individuals, it causes more social and economic disadvantages. Gender differences have been identified in nearly every aspect of cardiovascular disease including acute coronary syndrome. Several studies reported differences between men and women in the clinical presentation & risk factors of acute coronary syndromes.Methods: In this observational analytic study a total 115 patients (75 males and 40 females) under 45 years presenting with acute coronary syndrome were enrolled to see the gender differences in clinical presentation and risk factors.Results: The mean age in males was 36.6±4.8 years and in female 39.0±3.8 years. Chest pain was the main presenting complaints in both sexes but atypical presentation was significantly higher in females. Smoking was the most common risk factor in males and hypertension & diabetes were significantly higher in females. Females mostly diagnosed as Unstable Angina and NSTEMI and males as STEMI.Conclusion: There are significant differences between males and females in respect to clinical presentation and risk factors in acute coronary syndrome under 45 years of age.KYAMC Journal Vol. 6, No.-2, Jan 2016, Page 620-622

scholarly journals EPOCHA-D-CHF: gender differences in the prognosis of patients with CHF af-ter acute decompensation (part 2*)

Kardiologiia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4S) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Polyakov ◽  
I. V. Fomin ◽  
A. R. Vaysberg
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Prognosis

Aim. To study effects of gender differences in clinical and epidemiological factors on long-term prognosis for patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).Materials and methods. A retrospective, observational analysis of a sample of patients (n=718) hospitalized with signs of ADHF with subsequent collecting information about the endpoint (all-cause death) at four years.Results. Age was a predictor of unfavorable outcome for both men and women (RR, 1.04, 95% CI, 1.02–1.06, p<0.001 and RR, 1.04, 95% CI, 1.03–1.06, p<0.001). Presence of lower extremity edema increased the risk of fatal outcome for men (RR, 2.03, 95% CI, 1.21-3.39, р=0.007) whereas for women, presence of ascites (RR, 3.43, 95% CI, 2.09-5.64, р<0.001) or orthopneic position on admission (RR, 1.51, 95% CI, 1.03-2.23, p=0.04) resulted in the increased risk. For both sexes, the prediction improved with every 10% increase in systolic BP on admission (RR, 0.87, 95% CI, 0.78–0.97, p=0.01 for men and RR, 0.84, 95% CI, 0.76–0.91, p<0.001 for women). Presence of diabetes mellitus affected the prediction only for women (RR, 1.80, 95% CI, 1.34–2.42, p<0.001). A history of myocardial infarction (RR, 1.40, 95% CI, 1.01–1.95, p=0.04 and RR, 1.44, 95% CI, 1.04–1.98, р=0.03), presence of communityacquired pneumonia (RR, 1.90, 95% CI, 1.32–2.74, p<0.001 and RR, 2.38, 95% CI, 1.55–3.68, p<0.001) adversely affected the prediction for men and women, respectively. At the end of study (4 years), the endpoint (all-cause death) was observed in 65.5% of men and 48.1% of women, median survival was 720 и 1168 days, respectively.Conclusions. Te long-term prognosis was worse for men hospitalized for ADHF. Presence of congestion signs impaired the prediction for both men and women. Patients with higher systolic BP on admission were characterized with beter survival. A history of diabetes mellitus for women and myocardial infarction or community acquired pneumonia for both sexes worsened the long-term prediction

scholarly journals Union Commitment: Is There a Gender Gap?

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Wetzel ◽  
Daniel G. Gallagher ◽  
Donna E. Soloshy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Union Commitment ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Labour Unions ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Relationship

In the context of the growing feminization of membership in Canadian labour unions, this study examines the relationship between gender and multiple dimensions of worker commitment to the union organization. Based upon survey responses from 223 female and 222 male union members in Saskatchewan, the results reveal no gender differences with regard to expressed levels of union "loyalty" and "responsibility to the union". However, a small but significantly lower level of "willingness to work for the union" was expressed by female union members. In comparative analyses of males and females, the results are generally supportive of greater commonality than differences in the correlates of union commitment for men and women.

scholarly journals Does Incorporating Gender Differences into Quantifying a Food Frequency Questionnaire Influence the Association of Total Energy Intake with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2914
Author(s):  
Minji Kang ◽  
Song-Yi Park ◽  
Carol J. Boushey ◽  
Lynne R. Wilkens ◽  
Loïc Le Marchand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Portion Sizes

This study aims to evaluate whether incorporating gender differences in portion sizes as part of quantifying a food frequency questionnaire influences the association of total energy intake with mortality. The analysis included 156,434 participants (70,142 men and 86,292 women) in the Multiethnic Cohort Study, aged 45–75 years at baseline. A total of 49,728 deaths were identified during an average follow-up of 18.1 years. Total energy intake and percentage energy from macronutrients were calculated using original portion sizes (PSs) and gender specific (GS)-PS and were divided into quintiles for men and women. The associations of total energy intake and percentage energy from macronutrients with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality were examined using Cox regression with adjustment for potential confounders. Mean ± standard deviation daily total energy intake using original-PS was 2449 ± 1135 kcal for men and 1979 ± 962 kcal for women; using GS-PS was 1996 ± 884 kcal for men and 1595 ± 731 kcal for women. For men, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause, CVD, and cancer comparing the highest to the lowest quintile of total energy intake were 1.05 (1.00–1.10), 1.07 (0.99–1.16), 1.03 (0.95–1.13) using original-PS and 1.07 (1.02–1.12), 1.11 (1.03–1.20), 1.02 (0.94–1.12) using GS-PS, respectively. For women, the corresponding HRs were 1.03 (0.98–1.09), 0.99 (0.91–1.08), 1.10 (1.00–1.21) using original-PS and 1.06 (1.01–1.12), 1.02 (0.94–1.12), 1.07 (0.97–1.18) using GS-PS. Both versions of percentage energy from total fat were associated with an increased risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality; on the other hand, both versions of percentage energy from carbohydrate showed inverse associations with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality in both men and women. When using original-PS and GS-PS, the estimated total energy intake differed, resulting in marginal differences in the associations of total energy intake with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality.

scholarly journals Anxiety disorders in women: does gender matter to treatment?

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. s43-s50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Kinrys ◽  
Lisa E Wygant
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chronic Course

Women have a substantially higher risk of developing lifetime anxiety disorders compared with men. In addition, research evidence has generally observed an increased symptom severity, chronic course, and functional impairment in women with anxiety disorders in comparison to men. However, the reasons for the increased risk in developing an anxiety disorder in women are still unknown and have yet to be adequately investigated. Evidence from various studies has suggested that genetic factors and female reproductive hormones may play important roles in the expression of these gender differences. The significant differences in onset and course of illness observed in men and women diagnosed with anxiety disorders warrants investigations into the need of differential treatment; however, evidence of gender differences in treatment response to different anxiety disorders are varying and remain largely inconclusive. This article reviews the prevalence, epidemiology, and phenomenology of the major anxiety disorders in women, as well as the implications of such differences for treatment.

Levels of oxidative stress and telomeres in Lynch syndrome-associated malignancies.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 582-582
Author(s):  
Grainne O'Kane ◽  
Sarah A. McGarrigle ◽  
Nadia Rehill ◽  
Michael P. Farrell ◽  
Jacintha O'Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lynch Syndrome ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean

582 Background: Lynch Syndrome (LS) is caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair genes (MMR) genes which are critical in maintaining cellular integrity. Failure of the MMR pathway in LS culminates in the hypermutable phenotype of Microsatellite Instability. LS confers an increased risk of malignancy of which colorectal cancer (CRC) is most common. Carriers exhibit significant phenotypic variation in the age of onset of malignancy which cannot be predicted. Telomere length attrition is considered an early step in carcinogenesis and may be accelerated by oxidative stress. We investigated an association between relative telomere length (RTL) and levels of DNA oxidative damage in LS affected carriers (AC), unaffected carriers (UAC) and in patients with MMR- proficient colorectal cancer (MPC). Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from patients within each group. DNA was extracted and RTL measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Real-Time PCR was used to quantitate expression levels of TERT, TERC and DKC1 (telomerase components) from RNA. Serum levels of 8-hydroxydeguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured from patients using the ELISA technique. Pearson’s correlation was used to compare mean RTL, telomerase levels and 8-OHdG between groups. Results: RTL and telomerase components were measured in 27 AC (median age 50yrs) 27 UAC (median age 40yrs) and 27 MPC (median age 66yrs). Corresponding RTLs were 0.89, 0.91 and 1.69 respectively. AC had significantly shorter RTL compared to UAC (p = 0.03) and MPC (p < 0.0001). There we no differences in the mean expression of TERT, TERC or DKC between groups. Younger age of tumour onset was associated with shorter telomere length in both AC (p = 0.0006) and MPC (p < 0.0001). 8-OHdG levels have been measured in 17 AC, 19 UAC and 14 MPC. The mean levels of AC and UAC were not statistically different. However the mean MPC level was significantly less than UAC (p = 0.03) and AC (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Shortened telomere length is an important step in carcinogenesis. Affected LS patients have shorter telomeres and evidence of higher levels of DNA oxidative stress than patients with MMR-proficient CRC.

Mutational profiles and clinical outcomes in metastatic colorectal carcinoma patients with different metastases sites.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16020-e16020
Author(s):  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Zhang Jing ◽  
Yingmei Li ◽  
Shifu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mutational Signatures ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

e16020 Background: To compare the difference of genomic and survival of first metastases site between first metastases site of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in liver and other sites (bone, brain, lung, and so on). Methods: Genomic mutations and clinic data of 113,4 CRCs (consisting of 533 metastases) were collected from TCGA database. According to first site(s) of metastases, patients were categorized into group 1 (liver as first metastases site, n = 405) and group 2 (other organs as first metastases site, n = 128). OS curves were estimated with Kaplan-Meier method, p values were calculated by fisher exact test. Results: Mutation frequency in GNAS (2.34%), KRAS (37.78%), BRAF (16.41%) and proportion of MSI-high (8.5%) was significantly higher in group2. Compared with group2, group1 showed significantly higher mutation rate of APC (78.52%) and TP53 (77.28%). We assessed overall survival in the two groups. OS was significantly better for patients in group1 than in group2 (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.41-0.79, p = 0.00075). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, mCRC patients showed different mutational signatures with respect to the site of first metastases, and presented higher OS rate in liver metastases group. Our findings provided new knowledge to understand the biological progress of different metastases and develop new prognostic markers for metastatic colorectal cancer.

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