Human oral microbiome dysbiosis as a novel tool for detecting noninvasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
Cheng Kong
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Tumor ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Tumor Association ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers

23 Background: The oral microbiome may play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, few studies have investigated the association between oral microbiome and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate whether oral health–colorectal tumor association has an underlying microbial basis, in the quest for novel non-invasive biomarkers for CRC. Methods: We collected oral swab samples from 161 patients with CRC, 34 patients with colorectal adenoma (CRA), and 58 healthy volunteers. The oral microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing. The oral microbiome was characterized, microbial markers were identified, and colorectal tumor (CRA and CRC) classifiers were constructed and validated. Results: Oral microbial composition and diversity were significantly different among the three groups; the CRA group had the highest diversity. Analysis of the functional potential of oral microbiota demonstrated that the pathway involving cell motility was overrepresented in the CRA and CRC groups relative to that in the healthy controls. Moreover, a random forest model was constructed based on oral microbial markers, which could distinguish the colorectal tumor groups from the healthy controls and achieve a powerful classification potential in the discovery and validation cohorts. Conclusions: This study suggests a potential association between oral microbiome dysbiosis and colorectal cancer. Oral microbiota-based biomarkers may be helpful in predicting the risk of developing CRA and CRC.

scholarly journals Dysbiosis of Oral Microbiota During Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purandar Sarkar ◽  
Samaresh Malik ◽  
Sayantan Laha ◽  
Shantanab Das ◽  
Soumya Bunk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Composition

Infection with specific pathogens and alterations in tissue commensal microbial composition are intricately associated with the development of many human cancers. Likewise, dysbiosis of oral microbiome was also shown to play critical role in the initiation as well as progression of oral cancer. However, there are no reports portraying changes in oral microbial community in the patients of Indian subcontinent, which has the highest incidence of oral cancer per year, globally. To establish the association of bacterial dysbiosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among the Indian population, malignant lesions and anatomically matched adjacent normal tissues were obtained from fifty well-differentiated OSCC patients and analyzed using 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon based sequencing on the MiSeq platform. Interestingly, in contrast to the previous studies, a significantly lower bacterial diversity was observed in the malignant samples as compared to the normal counterpart. Overall our study identified Prevotella, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Deinococcus and Noviherbaspirillum as significantly enriched genera, whereas genera including Actinomyces, Sutterella, Stenotrophomonas, Anoxybacillus, and Serratia were notably decreased in the OSCC lesions. Moreover, we demonstrated HPV-16 but not HPV-18 was significantly associated with the OSCC development. In future, with additional validation, this panel could directly be applied into clinical diagnostic and prognostic workflows for OSCC in Indian scenario.

scholarly journals Oral health, caries risk profiles, and oral microbiome of pediatric patients with leukemia submitted to chemotherapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xinyi Zeng ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Jiajia Que ◽  
Qin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Primary Treatment Modality ◽  
High Caries Risk

Abstract Background: Chemotherapy is the primary treatment modality used for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but inevitably causes microbiota-related oral complications. This study aims to investigate the effects of chemotherapy on oral health status, caries risk, and oral microbiome in pediatric patients with ALL. Methods: Thirty-nine children with ALL receiving chemotherapy were enrolled, and a gender-, age-, dentition stage and socioeconomic class matched healthy counterpart (HC) were recruited. Demographic information and overall health condition were obtained through questionnaire or medical records. Oral examination was performed to assess caries and salivary status, plaque index and other oral manifestations. Cariogram was used to assess the overall caries risk. Supragingival samples of thirteen ALL subjects and their counterparts were randomly selected to perform a 16S ribosomal RNA gene 454 pyrosequencing. Raw sequence data were screened, trimmed, and filtered using Seqcln and MOTHUR. Results: The prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis, oral mucositis, xerostomia and candidiasis in ALL group was higher than that of control group (p < 0.05). Children with ALL demonstrated higher caries risk compared with healthy controls based upon Cariogram (p < 0.05). The oral microbial structure of ALL patients receiving chemotherapy is different from that of healthy controls. Oral microbiota of ALL group showed less alpha diversity and significant differences in the composition of the oral microbiome compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: ALL patients receiving chemotherapy demonstrated compromised oral health, high caries risk, alteration of caries related factors and dysbiosis of oral microbiota. These findings may possibly be of clinical importance in developing better strategies for personalized preventive management of oral diseases for pediatric children with ALL.

scholarly journals Oral Microbiota Composition and Function Changes During Chronic Erythematous Candidiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Lyu ◽  
Hui Zheng ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Heyu Zhang ◽  
Lu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Cytochrome Bc1 Complex ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Oral microbiota is constantly changing with the host state, whereas the oral microbiome of chronic erythematous candidiasis remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to compare oral microbial signatures and functional profiling between chronic erythematous candidiasis and healthy subjects. Using shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we analyzed the microbiome in 12 chronic erythematous candidiasis, 12 healthy subjects, and 2 chronic erythematous candidiasis cured by antifungal therapy. We found that the salivary microbiota of chronic erythematous candidiasis was significantly different from that of healthy subjects. Among them, Rothia mucilaginosa and Streptococcus mitis were the most abundant disease-enriched species (Mann-Whitney U-test, P &lt; 0.05). In addition, co-occurrence network analysis showed that C. albicans formed densely connected modules with oral bacterial species and was mainly positive connected to Streptococcus species. Furthermore, we investigated the functional potentials of the microbiome and identified a set of microbial marker genes associated with chronic erythematous candidiasis. Some of these genes enriching in chronic erythematous candidiasis are involved in eukaryotic ribosome, putative glutamine transport system, and cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit. Altogether, this study revealed the changes of oral microbial composition, the co-occurrence between C. albicans and oral bacteria, as well as the changes of microbial marker genes during chronic erythematous candidiasis, which provides evidence of oral microbiome as a target for the treatment and prevention of chronic erythematous candidiasis.

scholarly journals Potential role of microbiome in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelits (CFS/ME)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Francesco Damiano Lupo ◽  
Gabriele Rocchetti ◽  
Luigi Lucini ◽  
Lorenzo Lorusso ◽  
Elena Manara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome

AbstractChronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a severe multisystemic disease characterized by immunological abnormalities and dysfunction of energy metabolism. Recent evidences suggest strong correlations between dysbiosis and pathological condition. The present research explored the composition of the intestinal and oral microbiota in CFS/ME patients as compared to healthy controls. The fecal metabolomic profile of a subgroup of CFS/ME patients was also compared with the one of healthy controls. The fecal and salivary bacterial composition in CFS/ME patients was investigated by Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The metabolomic analysis was performed by an UHPLC-MS. The fecal microbiota of CFS/ME patients showed a reduction of Lachnospiraceae, particularly Anaerostipes, and an increased abundance of genera Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium compared to the non-CFS/ME groups. The oral microbiota of CFS/ME patients showed an increase of Rothia dentocariosa. The fecal metabolomic profile of CFS/ME patients revealed high levels of glutamic acid and argininosuccinic acid, together with a decrease of alpha-tocopherol. Our results reveal microbial signatures of dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota of CFS/ME patients. Further studies are needed to better understand if the microbial composition changes are cause or consequence of the onset of CFS/ME and if they are related to any of the several secondary symptoms.

scholarly journals Site- and Taxa-Specific Disease-Associated Oral Microbial Structures Distinguish Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari K Somineni ◽  
Jordan H Weitzner ◽  
Suresh Venkateswaran ◽  
Anne Dodd ◽  
Jarod Prince ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
A Site

Abstract Background The gut and oral microbiome have independently been shown to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, it is not known to what extent gut and oral microbial disease markers converge in terms of their composition in IBD. Further, the spatial and temporal variation within the oral microenvironments of IBD remain to be elucidated. Patients and Methods We used a prospectively recruited cohort of patients with IBD (n = 47) and unrelated healthy control patients (n = 18) to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of microbiota within the various oral microenvironments, represented by saliva, tongue, buccal mucosa, and plaque, and compared them with stool. Microbiome characterization was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results The oral microbiome displayed IBD-associated dysbiosis, in a site- and taxa-specific manner. Plaque samples depicted a relatively severe degree of dysbiosis, and the disease-associated dysbiotic bacterial groups were predominantly the members of the phylum Firmicutes. Our 16S rRNA gene analyses show that oral microbiota can distinguish patients with IBD from healthy control patients, with salivary microbiota performing the best, closely matched by stool and other oral sites. Longitudinal profiles of microbial composition suggest that some taxa are more consistently perturbed than others, preferentially in a site-dependent fashion. Conclusions Collectively, these data indicate the potential of using oral microbial profiles in screening and monitoring patients with IBD. Furthermore, these results support the importance of spatial and longitudinal microbiome sampling to interpret disease-associated dysbiotic states and eventually to gain insights into disease pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Gender Variations in the Oral Microbiomes of Elderly Patients with Initial Periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Ying-Hui Zhou ◽  
Ya-Qiong Zhao ◽  
Yao Feng ◽  
Fei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Immune System Diseases ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Periodontitis is a globally prevalent disease that imposes a functional and aesthetic burden on patients. The oral microbiome influences human health. The aim of this study was at assessing gender variation in the subgingival bacterial microbiome of elderly patients with initial periodontitis and to determine the causes of this variation. Twelve males and twenty females (range 50–68 years old) with initial periodontitis provided subgingival plaque samples. 16S rRNA gene sequencing, QIIME-based data processing, and statistical analyses were carried out using several different analytical approaches to detect differences in the oral microbiome between the two groups. Males had higher Chao1 index, observed species, and phylogenetic diversity whole tree values than females. Analysis of β-diversity indicated that the samples were reasonably divided by the gender. The linear discriminant analysis effect size showed that the most representative biomarkers were the genus Haemophilus in males, whereas the dominant bacteria in females were Campylobacter. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that predicting changes in the female oral microbiota may be related to the immune system and immune system diseases are the main factor in males. These data suggest that gender may be a differentiating factor in the microbial composition of subgingival plaques in elderly patients with initial periodontitis. These results could deepen our understanding of the role of gender in the oral microbiota present during initial periodontitis.

scholarly journals Oral Health, Caries Risk Profiles, and Oral Microbiome of Pediatric Patients with Leukemia Submitted to Chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xinyi Zeng ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Jiajia Que ◽  
Qin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Primary Treatment Modality ◽  
High Caries Risk

Background. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment modality used for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but inevitably causes microbiota-related oral complications. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of chemotherapy on oral health status, caries risk, and oral microbiome in pediatric patients with ALL. Methods. Thirty-nine children with ALL receiving chemotherapy were enrolled, and a gender-, age-, dentition stage, and socioeconomic class matched healthy counterpart were recruited. Demographic information and overall health condition were obtained through the questionnaire and medical records. Oral examination was performed to assess caries and salivary status, plaque index, and other oral manifestations. Cariogram was used to assess the overall caries risk. Supragingival samples of thirteen ALL subjects and their counterparts were randomly selected to perform a 16S ribosomal RNA gene 454 pyrosequencing. Raw sequence data were screened, trimmed, and filtered using Seqcln and MOTHUR. Results. The prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis, oral mucositis, xerostomia, and candidiasis in ALL groups was higher than that of the control group ( p < 0.05 ). Children with ALL demonstrated higher caries risk compared to healthy controls (HC) based upon Cariogram ( p < 0.05 ). The oral microbial structure of ALL patients receiving chemotherapy is different from that of healthy controls. Oral microbiota of ALL groups showed less alpha diversity and significant differences in the composition of the oral microbiome compared to healthy controls. Conclusions. ALL patients receiving chemotherapy demonstrated compromised oral health, high caries risk, alteration of caries-related factors, and dysbiosis of oral microbiota. These findings may be of clinical importance in developing better strategies for personalized preventive management of oral diseases for pediatric children with ALL.

scholarly journals Shotgun metagenome sequencing identification of a set of genes encoded by Actinomyces associated with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241676
Author(s):  
Hiroko Yahara ◽  
Akimitsu Hiraki ◽  
Yutaka Maruoka ◽  
Aki Hirabayashi ◽  
Masato Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Metagenome Sequencing

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is intractable and severely affects a patient’s quality of life. Although many cases of MRONJ have been reported in the past decade, the disease pathophysiology is unclear and there are no evidence-based therapeutic strategies. MRONJ usually features bone inflammation and infection. Prior studies that explored the association between MRONJ and microbial infection used the culture-based approach, which is not applicable to hundreds of unculturable taxa in the human oral microbiome, or 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, which does not provide quantitative information of the abundance of specific taxa, and information of the presence, abundance, and function of specific genes in the microbiome. Here, deep shotgun metagenome sequencing (>10 Gb per sample) of bulk DNA extracted from saliva of MRONJ patients and healthy controls was performed to overcome these limitations. Comparative quantitative analyses of taxonomic and functional composition of these deep metagenomes (initially of 5 patients and 5 healthy controls) revealed an average 10.1% increase of genus Actinomyces and a 33.2% decrease in genus Streptococcus normally predominant in the human oral microbiota. Pan-genome analysis identified genes present exclusively in the MRONJ samples. Further analysis of the reads mapping to the genes in the extended dataset comprising five additional MRONJ samples and publicly available dataset of nine healthy controls resulted in the identification of 31 genes significantly associated with MRONJ. All these genes were encoded by Actinomyces genomic regions. Of these, the top two abundant genes were almost exclusively encoded by Actinomyces among usual taxa in the human oral microbiota. The potential relationships of these key genes with the disease are discussed at molecular level based on the literature. Although the sample size was small, this study will aid future studies to verify the data and characterize these genes in vitro and in vivo to understand the disease mechanisms, develop molecular targeted drugs, and for early stage screening and prognosis prediction.

scholarly journals Salivary microbiome with gastroesophageal reflux disease and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Kawar ◽  
Seon Gyeong Park ◽  
Joel L. Schwartz ◽  
Nicholas Callahan ◽  
Ales Obrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Dental Erosion ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Prevotella Melaninogenica ◽  
Systemic Health

AbstractThe effect of oral microbial composition on periodontal health and on systemic health has been, and is being established. The oral microbiome, in turn, can be altered by local and systemic diseases and conditions. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), has been associated with increased acidity in the oral cavity resulting in dental erosion, and controversially a reduced risk of periodontal disease. We hypothesized that presence of GERD was linked to a modified microbial profile in untreated GERD patients and that the use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs: potent disruptors of gut microbiome, in GERD patients might result in a salivary microbiome that is further distinct. Untreated GERD patients showed multiple differences in salivary microbiome as compared to healthy controls. Taxa found at lower levels related to the presence of GERD not treated by PPI included: Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella pallens, Leptotrichia, and Solobacterium moorei and thirteen others. In contrast, GERD patients chronically using PPI showed minimal differences in salivary taxa compared to healthy controls not using PPI.

scholarly journals Maturation of the Oral Microbiome in Caries-Free Toddlers: A Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kahharova ◽  
B.W. Brandt ◽  
M.J. Buijs ◽  
M. Peters ◽  
R. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Over Time

Understanding the development of the oral microbiota in healthy children is of great importance to oral and general health. However, limited data exist on a healthy maturation of the oral microbial ecosystem in children. Moreover, the data are biased by mislabeling “caries-free” populations. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the healthy salivary and dental plaque microbiome in young children. Caries-free (ICDAS [International Caries Detection and Assessment System] score 0) children ( n = 119) and their primary caregivers were followed from 1 until 4 y of child age. Salivary and dental plaque samples were collected from the children at 3 time points (T1, ~1 y old; T2, ~2.5 y old; and T3, ~4 y old). Only saliva samples were collected from the caregivers. Bacterial V4 16S ribosomal DNA amplicons were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. The reads were denoised and mapped to the zero-radius operational taxonomic units (zOTUs). Taxonomy was assigned using HOMD. The microbial profiles of children showed significant differences ( P = 0.0001) over time. Various taxa increased, including Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, and Corynebacterium, while others showed significant decreases (e.g., Alloprevotella and Capnocytophaga) in their relative abundances over time. Microbial diversity and child-caregiver similarity increased most between 1 and 2.5 y of age while still not reaching the complexity of the caregivers at 4 y of age. The microbiome at 1 y of age differed the most from those at later time points. A single zOTU ( Streptococcus) was present in all samples ( n = 925) of the study. A large variation in the proportion of shared zOTUs was observed within an individual child over time (2% to 42% of zOTUs in saliva; 2.5% to 38% in dental plaque). These findings indicate that the oral ecosystem of caries-free toddlers is highly heterogeneous and dynamic with substantial changes in microbial composition over time and only few taxa persisting across the 3 y of the study. The salivary microbiome of 4-y-old children is still distinct from that of their caregivers.

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