Nutrition Policy Issues and Further Research on the Mediterranean Diet: The Importance of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids

2001 ◽  
pp. 380-391
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrition Policy ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Natural preparations supporting the treatment of coronary heart disease: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (SUPPLEMENT 2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Sidor
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
The Mediterranean

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is currently the most common cause of death in the world. Diet plays a significant role in the treatment of CHD. The purpose of this review is to present the current knowledge on natural products, including soybeans, garlic, black coffee, tea, and monounsaturated fatty acids, as well as components of the Mediterranean diet and Portfolio diet in supporting the treatment of CHD. A literature search was carried out in a scientific search engine database. Combinations of the following terms were used: “coronary heart disease”, “ischemic heart disease”, and “natural preparation of CHD”. Scientific publications were systematically examined to identify both direct and indirect evidence that met the aims of this review. Only articles that considered human subjects were included. After the selection process, a total of 28 articles were included in the review. The main findings were as follows: Garlic ameliorates the function of the endothelium, blood pressure parameters, and lipid profiles. Coffee improves glucose metabolism and shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Tea ameliorates the lipid profile. Monounsaturated fatty acids show antioxidant properties. The Mediterranean diet has antihypertensive and antioxidant properties and reduces inflammation. The Portfolio diet shows lipid-lowering and antioxidant properties. Diet in CHD is an extremely important factor supporting treatment and can significantly modify the parameters of cardiovascular risk. However, there is still a need for more research on the properties of natural products and their health effects.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Gene Expression Changes in the Blood of Individuals Consuming Diets Supplemented with Olives, Nuts or Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3765
Author(s):  
Virginie Bottero ◽  
Judith A. Potashkin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Long Chain

Background: The Mediterranean diet, which is rich in olive oil, nuts, and fish, is considered healthy and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Methods: Here, we compared the transcriptome from the blood of subjects with diets supplemented with olives, nuts, or long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and identified the genes differentially expressed. The dietary genes obtained were subjected to network analysis to determine the main pathways, as well as the transcription factors and microRNA interaction networks to elucidate their regulation. Finally, a gene-associated disease interaction network was performed. Results: We identified several genes whose expression is altered after the intake of components of the Mediterranean diets compared to controls. These genes were associated with infection and inflammation. Transcription factors and miRNAs were identified as potential regulators of the dietary genes. Interestingly, caspase 1 and sialophorin are differentially expressed in the opposite direction after the intake of supplements compared to Alzheimer’s disease patients. In addition, ten transcription factors were identified that regulated gene expression in supplemented diets, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusions: We identified genes whose expression is altered after the intake of the supplements as well as the transcription factors and miRNAs involved in their regulation. These genes are associated with schizophrenia, neoplasms, and rheumatic arthritis, suggesting that the Mediterranean diet may be beneficial in reducing these diseases. In addition, the results suggest that the Mediterranean diet may also be beneficial in reducing the risk of dementia.

Assessment of the knowledge and application of the Mediterranean diet among students of dietetics

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
P. Nikołajuk ◽  
Ka. Zujko ◽  
Ki. Zujko ◽  
M.E. Zujko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
General Information ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet Score

<b>Purpose:</b> To assess the knowledge of young adults (students of dietetics) of the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the practical application of the principles of this diet. <b>Materials and methods:</b> The study was performed on 97 women, students of dietetics. Research on general information about the respondents and knowledge about the MedDiet was carried out using a questionnaire with 29 questions. To assess the nutritional value of the diet, a 3-day nutritional diary and computer programme Diet 5.0 were used. Adherence to the MedDiet was appraised according to the 9-point scale of aMED (alternate Mediterranean Diet Score). <b>Results:</b> The most students responded that they have high knowledge of the MedDiet, but do not use the MedDiet recommendations in their daily nutrition. Better adherence to MedDiet was significantly associated with the lower waist circumference of the women, higher intake of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega3 fatty acids, fiber, vitamin C, folate, vitamin B1, vitamin E and magnesium, and the knowledge of participants of the diet and nutritional value of foods. <b>Conclusions:</b> The adherence to the MedDiet is significantly associated with the participants' knowledge about the diet, the higher nutritional value of the daily diet and lower waist circumference

scholarly journals Vitamin E: Natural Antioxidant in the Mediterranean Diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Ben Mansour-Gueddes ◽  
Dhouha Saidana-Naija
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Olive Oils ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Capsicum Species ◽  
The Mediterranean

Oxidation has been related to several diseases in humans. Indeed, to protect the body from high free radical damages, organism requires natural resources of antioxidant compounds, such as phenols, tocopherols (α, β, γ, and σ) which have important roles in the cell antioxidant defense system. In Mediterranean areas, olive oils and pepper fruits are considered among the best foods in a diet, which keeps on attracting the interest of scientists due to the health benefits linked with its consumption. The Olive oil and pepper fruits are among the most consumed nutrients in the Mediterranean diet; their richness in naturally powerful antioxidants, such as alpha-tocopherols, polyphenols, carotenoïds, and capsaicinoïds (specific of capsicum species), and monounsaturated fatty acids in olive and seed pepper oils, constitutes good health protection against oxidative damages and inflammation. Also, these phytochemicals shield and prevent the human body from many diseases such as cardiovascular, coronary, Alzheimer’s diseases, and cancers.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Improves Fatty Acids Profile in Pediatric Patients with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4110
Author(s):  
Turolo Stefano ◽  
Edefonti Alberto ◽  
Morello William ◽  
Bolzan Giulia ◽  
Syren M. Louise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
The Mediterranean

The fatty acid profiles of patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) are different from that of healthy controls, even during remission, revealing an increase of the pro-inflammatory omega 6 series. It is still unknown whether the concomitance of nephrotic syndrome affects the potential positive effects of the Mediterranean diet on the levels of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids. We performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and fatty acid profile in 54 children with INS. The dietary habits were assessed through the validated Kidmed questionnaire. Patients with higher adherence had lower levels of linoleic acid and total omega-6. Moreover, a negative correlation between proteinuria and the anti-inflammatory omega-3 series was found. In conclusion, patients with INS with proteinuria and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet have an imbalance in the omega-6/omega-3 ratio that may benefit from following the Mediterranean diet.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Adequacy Index in Young People in Syria

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Malda Atasi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Syrian Population ◽  
The Mediterranean

Objective: To assess, the degree of adherence to Mediterranean Diet (MD) in Syrian young people, and studying the effect of some variables on Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) value and its comparison with other studies in Spain and Mediterranean area. Background: It has been observed that the Syrian population, especially the young ones, are abandoning the (MD), which affects in long term their health, the same has been observed in Spanish youth. The longitudinal study of the "seven counties" involved active rural population in Italy, was firstly demonstrated the progressively abandoning of MD. Methods: The sample under the study was 204 young people (41.7% men and 58.3% women) in the area of Damascus (65% were students). They filled in a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, then the Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) was computed by dividing the sum in gram of typical Mediterranean food Groups (Cereals, Legumes, Fruits, Fish), by the sum in gram of non-typical Mediterranean food groups (Meats, Eggs, Cookies and cakes, dairy). It was used the SPSS program to study the correlation between the variables and MAI of the sample. Results: The average MAI of the young sample was (1.17) which is lower than another study in Spanish young people and much lower than 7.2 in Italy several decades ago. Those results demonstrated that the young Syrian are abandoning the Mediterranean Diet as well as the Spanish young people. The caloric profile has changed over time that results in lower consumption of carbohydrates and higher consumption of protein and lipids, similar to almost Mediterranean area. Moreover the war has an impact on the type of food consumed which affect MAI. The lipid profile (measured by the cocient of intake of Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) and Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) divided by Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) of the sample was 3.71 better than other studies in Spain 1,69, 1,71 (the recommended value should be &gt; 2). This illustrates a moderate consumption of olive and vegetable oil, but poor consumption of meat and eggs in contrast of Spanish diet.

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