Wastewater Agriculture in Peri-Urban Areas of Dhaka City

2016 ◽  
pp. 971-984
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dhaka City

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practice of Personal Hygiene and Sanitation: A Study in Selected Slums of Dhaka City

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayela Farah ◽  
Mohoshina Karim ◽  
Nasreen Akther ◽  
Meherunnessa Begum ◽  
Nadia Begum
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Background: : Slum dwellers are likely to be among the most deprived people in urban areas. Poor hygiene practices and inadequate sanitary conditions play major roles in the increased burden of communicable diseases within developing countries like ours.Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice about personal hygiene and environmental sanitation in selected slums of Dhaka city.Materials and method: This cross sectional study was conducted in purposively selected urban slum areas of Moghbazar slum, Bashabo slum and T&T slum of Dhaka city during February 2014 to April 2014. Convenient sampling technique was applied. Semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire was used and face to face interview was conducted. Total 475 subjects, irrespective of age and sex, were included in this study.Results: Out of 475 respondents, more than fifty percent slum dwellers resided in tin shaded room while 21.7% in ‘kacha’ houses. Sixty six percent of the respondents used to drink water from tube-well and 24% used supplied water provided by the city corporation. The study revealed that near 59% of the respondents used sanitary latrine. About 67% slum dwellers regularly practiced hand washing before taking meal and 59.2% respondents used soap after defecation. About fifty percent respondents brushed their teeth regularly with tooth paste. Regarding personal cleanliness, 81% subjects took bath regularly while 78% washed clothes irregularly. A statistically significant relation was found between washing of hands before meal (p=0.001), washing of hands after defecation (p=0.02), tooth brushing (p=0.001), bathing (p=0.009), washing of cloths (p=0.001), use of footwear (p=0.63) with knowledge of personal hygiene of the slum dwellers.Conclusion: Continuous community hygiene education along with adequate access to water supply and sanitation improves hygiene behaviour and policy makers and health care providers should have definite strategy and implementation.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 68-73

scholarly journals Does Primary Education Hinder Child Development? A Study of Six Selected Primary Schools of Dhaka City in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 334-344
Author(s):  
Shahanaz Akter ◽  
Md. Roknuzzaman Siddiky ◽  
Israt Eshita Haque
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Primary Level

The study was intended to explore the effects of primary education on the childhood of the students of Dhaka city. Primary data for this study were collected from 18 students of 6 schools of Dhaka city by using semi-structured interview schedules. The study reveals that several factors pertaining to primary education such as unwillingness to go to school, excessive burden of textbooks, pressure of homework, lack of opportunities to play, frequent number of examinations, parents’ unhealthy competition for good results have adverse effects on child development. The study puts forward that the adverse effects of primary schools including Government primary schools and kindergarten schools have caused adverse physical, psychological, cognitive and personality development among the students and disrupted their joyful and playful childhood and social learning. Unified primary education is a utopia in Bangladesh making disparities among the students of different categories of schools. Children are going to school with a heavy bag loaded with textbooks, notebooks and other needed things. Children are going through mental pressure about their results and good grades which are appreciated with chocolates and their bad results are depreciated with rebuke and punishment. The most important factor of students’ attraction to go to school is the opportunity to play with the friends. Free, joyous, playful and colorful childhood of the primary level students is disappearing in the urban areas of Dhaka due to excessive study pressure in the primary level. However, the study recommends that a unified primary education system should be ensured in Bangladesh as soon as possible which would help the social, emotional and cognitive development of the children protecting their colorful childhood.

scholarly journals Changes in Urbanization and Urban Heat Island Effect in Dhaka City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S M Shanawaz Uddin ◽  
Najeebullah Khan ◽  
Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul I ◽  
Mohammad Kamruzzaman ◽  
Shamsuddin Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

Abstract Urbanization changes the local environment, resulting in urban heat island (UHI) effect and deteriorating human life quality. Knowledge of urban environments and temperature changes is important to outline the urban planning process for mitigation of UHI effect. The study aimed to assess the changes in urban areas and UHI effects in Dhaka city, Bangladesh from 2001to 2017, using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily day- and nighttime land surface temperature (LST) data from 2001to 2017. The expansion of the city was calculated using the city clustering algorithm (CCA). The temperature of the identified urbanized area was analyzed and compared with the adjacent regions. The changes in urban temperature were estimated using non-parametric statistical methods. The results showed that the Dhaka city area has grown by 19.12% and its inhabitants by 76.65% during 2001–2017. Urban expansion and dense settlements caused an increase in average temperature in some areas of Dhaka city nearly 3°C compared to that at its boundary. The day and night temperatures at Dhaka city's warmest location were nearly 7 and 5ºC, respectively, more than the coolest point outside the city. The city's annual average day- and nighttime temperature was increasing at a rate of 0.03° and 0.023°C/year over the period 2001–2017. The rising temperature would increase the UHI effect in the future, which combined with high humidity, may cause a significant increase in public health risk in the city if mitigation practices are not followed.

scholarly journals Characterization of acid burn victims in two selected health facilities in Dhaka city

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Jahidul Islam ◽  
MM Jalal Uddin ◽  
Md Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Md Ruhul Amin ◽  
Md Nuruzzaman Khandaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Burn Victims ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Total Body

This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Acid Survivors Foundation (ASF), Dhaka from January to June 2010 among the acid burn patients admitted in DMCH and acid burn victims taking services from ASF to find out the socio-demographic characteristics, physical extent of injury, and to identify the reasons behind acid burn in selected institution in Dhaka city. A total of 112 samples were taken purposively and data were collected by face to face interview. Among the respondents most were female (58.04%). Mean age was 20.3 years and most came from rural and semi-urban areas (91.82%)l. Most of the incident occurred at the mid-night and at the time of sleeping (69.09%). 23% of the respondents lost their partial or full eye sight or hearing or both. Post burn complications developed in old burn patients 75.8%. Most of the victims (83%) faced various type of problems. Among the respondents, 65.2% suffered from superficial burn, 31.2% from mixed burn and 3.6% from deep burn. About 15.2% suffered from > 20% of total Body Surface (TBSA) burn. The main cause of acid burn was intentional (98.2%). Only 1.8% was accidental. In the female the intentional causes were presence at the site (21.9%), marriage proposal rejection (15.6%). In case of male the main causes were personal enmity (30.4%), presence at the site (28.3%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i2.21391 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 May; 43 (2): 94-99

scholarly journals Frequency of the High Body Mass Index in School Going Children in Dhaka City

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Lamisa Saiyara Siddique ◽  
Samsun Nahar ◽  
Tanjima Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Private School ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Fast Foods ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact

Childhood obesity is highly prevalent in urban areas of Bangladesh but information is limited. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of obesity in children aged 9-11 years and raise awareness about obesity and its complications. The study was conducted in a Private English Medium school in Dhaka involving 140 students whose height and weight was measured. The BMI was calculated by software provided by Centre of Disease Control. In the present study, we showed that 50% of the students were either overweight or obese out of which26.4% were obese. Majority of those found obese or overweight consumed fast foods. In conclusion, prevalence of obesity was high in a private school, which houses children from mostly middle to high income families. Enforcing healthy eating habits amongst parents could yield better results in lowering the BMI. Further surveillance in this population is essential in verifying the impact of obesity.University Heart Journal Vol. 10, No. 1, January 2014; 23-26

Population Movements Towards Dhaka: Disquiets And Commendations

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mastak Al Amin ◽  
Md. Shohel Rana ◽  
Iftekhar Mohammad Shafiqul Kalam
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Internal migration is now a significant constituent for policy issues in Bangladesh, so there is a need to strengthen the statistical resources devoted to monitoring population movements which directly track migrants and provide household level data. The main objective of our study was to examine the factors and characteristics of individual’s internal migration towards Dhaka city, Bangladesh and recommend some policy issues. We considered a sample of 448 individuals from the rural and urban areas of Bangladesh those migrated to Dhaka city. Here we tried to figuring the determinants of socio-economic, economic and environmental factors related with the internal migration. We tried to interpret the differences between individual’s income, occupational positions, years of schooling, educational facilities and wealth of family before and after migration process. We found that the significant factors liable for internal migration were mainly occupational, educational and climatic. Ordinary least square technique was applied on three regression models which indicated that there were differences due to internal migration regarding to these economic, demographic and environmental factors in Bangladesh. Also we tried to recommend some policies and instruments about the future policy of internal migration.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Child labourers in Dhaka city of Bangladesh: Findings from a Cross Sectional Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Md Naimur Rahman ◽  
Sabuj Kanti Mistry ◽  
Md Ikbal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Nearly 7.9 million children are working in Bangladesh; many of which in urban areas, particularly in Dhaka city. Working during childhood impedes the children’s growth potential leading to malnutrition. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional status and food intake pattern of child laborers of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Methodology: The study followed a cross-sectional study design and was conducted among 100 randomly selected child laborers (aged 5-17 years) from an NGO led school of Dhaka. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard methods while socio-economic status and dietary intake were assessed through interviewing the respondents with a pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS, Epi info and MS excel DANS(R) software. Results: Forty five percent children were fixed salary earners and 89% of them worked to support their family. Anthropometric assessment reveled that, 26%, 15% and 26% respondents were stunted, wasted and underweight respectively. According to BMI for age, 39% of the children were thinner. Overall, 52.1% and 60.8% of the calorie requirement and 77.6% and 82.2% of the protein requirement were fulfilled by boys and girls respectively. Almost all the micronutrients’ requirement except that of thiamin and vitamin C were very poorly fulfilled. Conclusions: Overall, nutritional status of the child laborers were below acceptance. Per capita dietary intake was poor and imbalanced containing very low amount of micronutrients leading to malnutrition. Nutrition intervention program needs to be administered especially targeting working children. Adult unemployment and underemployment should be reduced and parents need to make aware of the harmful nutritional impact of working in childhood. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i3.22821 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (3) :130-136

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in selected urban and rural areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh: findings from SHASTO baseline survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e038975
Author(s):  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Md Showkat Ali Khan ◽  
Ipsita Sutradhar ◽  
Md Mokbul Hossain ◽  
Moyazzam Hossaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

ObjectiveWe implemented this study to report the prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among adult men and women aged >30 years residing in selected urban and rural areas of Dhaka division, Bangladesh.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwo urban (Dhaka city north and Dhaka city south) and two rural (Narsinghdi and Gazipur district) areas of the Dhaka division.ParticipantsA total of 4856 male and female participants were included in the final analysis, of whom 2340 (48.2%) were from urban and 2516 (51.8%) were from rural areas.Primary outcomeHypertension was the dependent variable for this study and was operationally defined as systolic blood pressure >140 mm of Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mm of Hg, and/or persons with already diagnosed hypertension.ResultsThe overall prevalence of hypertension was 31.0%, and the prevalence was higher among urban participants (urban: 36.9%, rural: 30.6%). Age (across all categories), female (urban—adjusted OR (AOR): 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.5 and rural—AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4 to 2.1)), higher educational status (urban—AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.2 and rural—AOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.5 to 3.1), inadequate physical activity (urban—AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.7 and rural—AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.9) and overweight/obesity (urban—AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 2.1 to 3.3 and rural—AOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.7 to 2.5) were associated with hypertension in both urban and rural areas. Women who were not currently married during the survey had higher odds of hypertension only in the rural areas (rural—AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.4), and respondents who were not working during the survey had higher odds of hypertension only in the urban areas (AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0 to 2.6).ConclusionSince the prevalence of hypertension was high in urban and rural areas, the government of Bangladesh should consider implementing hypertension prevention programmes focusing young population of Dhaka division. In addition, early screening programmes and management of hypertension need to be strengthened for people with hypertension in both the areas.

scholarly journals Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Mentally ill Patients Admitted to Different Hospitals of Dhaka City

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Maksumul Hakim ◽  
Jinnatul Airin ◽  
Salma Naher ◽  
Mohammad Ali ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Microsoft Office

Introduction: Mental health is essentially as important as the physical health required of an individual to maintain. There are many factors that seem to play a role in the genesis of mental illness.Objective: This study was conducted among the mentally ill patients admitted to four hospitals of Dhaka city with a view to find out their socio demographic characteristics of mental illness.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive type of cross sectional study. A total number of 81 patients and their near relatives were interviewed at four medical institutions through a structured questionnaire. A checklist was used for clinical diagnosis of the patients. A master sheet was prepared followed by questionnaire plotting all the information. Then data were analyzed according to objectives and necessary tables were prepared accordingly by case appropriate variables of the study using Microsoft office program.Results: The study results showed that 81.49% patients were male and 18.51% patients were female. Of the total patients 71.61% were found in the age group of unto 30 years. Maximum patients (61.73%) were found within the monthly family income of BDT 2500/- to 4500/- only. 53.03% of patients were married followed by 39.51% of unmarried. The study revealed that 58.02% patients hailed from urban area. 61.73% patients were educated up to secondary level and only 8.64% patients were illiterate. Regarding occupation 27.17% patients were cultivator and 16.05% were students. The study reflected that 48.15% patients were smokers and very few (6.17%) were drug drug addicts. 61.73% patients were living in joint families.50.62% patients did not receive treatment prior to admission. Of the total 49.38% treated cases (prior to admission), 25% cases were treated from the homeopath and only 25% were consulted with specialist.Conclusion: The lower and middle socio economic group and literate group from urban areas living in joint family suffered more from mental illness. There is need for appropriate policy to address the problems of families with mentally ill patients at the family and community levels.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(2) 2014

scholarly journals Urban environment and major challenges in sustainable development: Experience from Dhaka City in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ruhullah Siddiqy
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Financial Gain

Sustainable development is one of the most discussed and desired issues for the last few decades in Bangladesh and also throughout the world. But due to various challenges it is really tough to prepare and execute a proper plan for achieving sustainable development. The objective of this study is to find out the major challenges that the urban environment has been facing in sustainable development in Dhaka city. The qualitative study was done purposively and data collection methods were 10 Key Informants Interviews (KII) and 10 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). KII were conducted among university teachers and Government officials as well as FGDs were conducted among city duelers in Dhaka. Urbanization process providing reasonable housing and infrastructure for duelers of all financial gain categories is a nice challenge for capital of Bangladesh town. Lack of swamp, open places, public parks, land with tree cover up causes environmental degradation and also creates aesthetic discomfort is another challenge in urban areas. Surface water is becoming useless because of having extensive pumping of groundwater in capital of Bangladesh. City dwellers didn’t follow the environmental rules and pollutes the surface waters with freedom. Impenetrable population with quick urbanization, industrialization and the lack of land coming up with has created major environmental problem to establish sustainable development. In future we need to study on identify the implementation strategy to sustainable development of urban environment.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(1) 2017: 12-16

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