Early decline of androgen levels in healthy adult men: an effect of aging per se? A prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiberiu Banica ◽  
Charlotte Verroken ◽  
Tim Reyns ◽  
Ahmed Mahmoud ◽  
Guy T’Sjoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Intercurrent Disease ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Androgen Levels

Abstract Context Androgen levels have been shown to decline in aging men. However, there is no consensus on the effect of aging, (changes in) BMI, lifestyle factors and intercurrent disease. Objective Investigating longitudinal changes in serum androgen levels in healthy men in relation to body composition, lifestyle factors and intercurrent disease. Design, Setting, and Participants Longitudinal, population-based sibling pair study at a university research center. 999 healthy men aged 24-46 years of whom 691 were re-evaluated after a mean period of 12 years. Main outcome measures Serum SHBG, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels measured using immuno-assays. Testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), dihydro-testosterone (DHT), androstenedione (Adione) measured using LC-MS/MS, free T calculated (cFT). Results Baseline age was 34±6 years. Mean BMI increased by 1.19kg/m², T levels decreased by 14.2%(20.8nmol/l vs. 17.8nmol/l), cFT by 19.1%(392pmol/l vs. 317pmol/l), DHT by 15.6%(1.5nmol/l vs.1.3nmol/l), and Adione by 10.7%(3.7nmol/l vs. 3.3nmol/l; all p<0.001). E2 did not change over time. SHBG increased by 3.0%(39.8nmol/l vs. 41.0nmol/l), LH by 5.8%(4.6U/l vs. 4.9U/l) and FSH by 14.7%(4.3U/l vs. 5.1U/l) (all p<0.001). For T, cFT, DHT, Adione and SHBG these longitudinal changes persisted after adjustment for confounders (all p<0.001). Conclusion Serum androgen levels start declining early during adult life and independently from changes in BMI and other lifestyle factors, suggesting that aging per se leads to an altered sex steroid status. Given the concurrent rise in gonadotropin levels, the decline in androgen status most likely arises from primary decrease in testicular function.

Early decline of androgen levels in healthy adult men: an effect of aging per se? A prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banica Thiberiu ◽  
Verroken Charlotte ◽  
Reyns Tim ◽  
Mahmoud Ahmed ◽  
T'Sjoen Guy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Androgen Levels

The Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Science ◽  
National Study ◽  
Integrative Health ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Psychosocial Influences

This handbook signals a paradigm shift in health research. Population-based disciplines have employed large national samples to examine how sociodemographic factors contour rates of morbidity and mortality. Behavioral and psychosocial disciplines have studied the factors that influence these domains using small, nonrepresentative samples in experimental or longitudinal contexts. Biomedical disciplines, drawing on diverse fields, have examined mechanistic processes implicated in disease outcomes. The collection of chapters in this handbook embraces all such prior approaches and, via targeted questions, illustrates how they can be woven together. Diverse contributions showcase how social structural influences work together with psychosocial influences or experiential factors to impact differing health outcomes, including profiles of biological risk across distinct physiological systems. These varied biopsychosocial advances have grown up around the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) national study of health, begun over 20 years ago and now encompassing over 12,000 Americans followed through time. The overarching principle behind the MIDUS enterprise is that deeper understanding of why some individuals remain healthy and well as they move across the decades of adult life, while others succumb to differing varieties of disease, dysfunction, or disability, requires a commitment to comprehensiveness that attends to the interplay of multiple interacting influences. Put another way, all of the disciplines mentioned have reliably documented influences on health, but in and of themselves, each is inherently limited because it neglects factors known to matter for health outside the discipline’s purview. Integrative health science is the alternative seeking to overcome these limitations.

scholarly journals Association between socioeconomic status and self-reported, tested and diagnosed COVID-19 status during the first wave in the Northern Netherlands: a general population-based cohort from 49 474 adults

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e048020
Author(s):  
Yinjie Zhu ◽  
Ming-Jie Duan ◽  
Hermien H. Dijk ◽  
Roel D. Freriks ◽  
Louise H. Dekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
General Population ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Tv Watching

ObjectivesStudies in clinical settings showed a potential relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle factors with COVID-19, but it is still unknown whether this holds in the general population. In this study, we investigated the associations of SES with self-reported, tested and diagnosed COVID-19 status in the general population.Design, setting, participants and outcome measuresParticipants were 49 474 men and women (46±12 years) residing in the Northern Netherlands from the Lifelines cohort study. SES indicators and lifestyle factors (i.e., smoking status, physical activity, alcohol intake, diet quality, sleep time and TV watching time) were assessed by questionnaire from the Lifelines Biobank. Self-reported, tested and diagnosed COVID-19 status was obtained from the Lifelines COVID-19 questionnaire.ResultsThere were 4711 participants who self-reported having had a COVID-19 infection, 2883 participants tested for COVID-19, and 123 positive cases were diagnosed in this study population. After adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle factors, body mass index and ethnicity, we found that participants with low education or low income were less likely to self-report a COVID-19 infection (OR [95% CI]: low education 0.78 [0.71 to 0.86]; low income 0.86 [0.79 to 0.93]) and be tested for COVID-19 (OR [95% CI]: low education 0.58 [0.52 to 0.66]; low income 0.86 [0.78 to 0.95]) compared with high education or high income groups, respectively.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the low SES group was the most vulnerable population to self-reported and tested COVID-19 status in the general population.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity and leisure-time physical activity over the life course: a population-based birth cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natan Feter ◽  
Jayne S. Leite ◽  
Daniel Umpierre ◽  
Eduardo L. Caputo ◽  
Airton J. Rombaldi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Saturated Model

Abstract Background We aimed to test which life course model best described the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and multimorbidity at age 55. We analyzed data from birth to age 55 using the database from the 1958 National Child Development Survey. Methods Multimorbidity was considered as the presence of more than one chronic condition. LTPA was measured through questionnaires from 1965 (age 7) to 2013 (age 55), which were applied in eight different occasions. We compared the fit of a series of nested adjusted logistic regression models (representing either the critical, accumulation or sensitive period models) with a fully saturated model. Data were reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results From an eligible sample of 15,613 cohort members, 9137 were interviewed in the latest sweep (58.5%). Men were more physically active than women at ages 11, 16, and 23 (p < 0.001). LTPA every day in the week was more frequent in women than men in ages 33, 42, and 50 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of multimorbidity at age 55 was 33.0% (n = 2778). The sensitive analysis revealed that LTPA during adolescence (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.98) and mid adult life (age 50 and 55; OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.69, 0.98) have a stronger effect on the risk for multimorbidity at age 55 considering all other life stages in the model. Also, adolescence showed a critical independent effect on the risk for multimorbidity (OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.70, 0.97). No difference was found between those models. Conclusions These data support the notion of a protective physical activity “legacy” at early ages of childhood against multimorbidity at older ages. We highlight the need for LTPA promotion through intervention tailored especially on schooling and older ages in order to reduce the burden of multimorbidity.

MALABSORPTION OF FOOD IN RURAL COMMUNITIES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-53
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Definite Improvement ◽  
Experimental Introduction ◽  
Cash Cost ◽  
Better Than

The survey on malabsorption of food in rural communities of Guatemala indicated that the experimental introduction of drinking water in a community resulted in a definite decline in the incidence of diarrhoea in children from 3 to 7 years of age. Longitudinal evaluation of the capacity of healthy men to absorb d-xylose revealed malabsorption in 30% of individuals living under poor sanitation conditions, as compared with 9% among those living under sanitation conditions which were better than those in rural areas. A definite improvement in d-xylose absorption was observed in the community where drinking water was introduced. Findings of longitudinal studies on intestinal absorption indicated that between 50 and 60 per cent of all the adult men were losing about 350 calories per day, a loss which, expressed in economic terms, is equivalent to 5-7 per cent of the cash cost of the diet.

The protective role of trait anxiety: a longitudinal cohort study

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. LEE ◽  
M. E. J. WADSWORTH ◽  
M. HOTOPF
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Fatal Accidents

Background. Most research has indicated that neuroticism (or trait anxiety) is associated with only negative outcomes. Such a common, heritable and variable trait is expected to have beneficial as well as detrimental effects. We tested the hypothesis that trait anxiety in childhood reduces the risk of dying from accidental causes in early adult life.Method. A longitudinal, population-based, birth cohort study of 4070 men and women born in the UK in 1946. Trait anxiety as judged by teachers when the participants were 13 and 15 years old, and the neuroticism scale of a Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) when the participants were 16 years old. Outcomes were deaths, deaths from accidents, non-fatal accidents, and non-fatal accidents requiring medical intervention.Results. Adolescents with low trait anxiety had higher rates of accident mortality to age 25 [low anxiety at 13, hazard ratio (HR) 5·9, low anxiety at 15, HR 1·8]. Low trait anxiety in adolescence was associated with decreased non-accidental mortality after age 25 (low anxiety at 13, HR 0; low anxiety at 15, HR 0·7; low neuroticism at 16, HR 0·7).Conclusions. High trait anxiety measured in adolescence is associated with reduced accidents and accidental death in early adulthood but higher rates of non-accidental mortality in later life.

The association of body mass index, weight gain and central obesity with activity-related breathlessness: the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 958-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Pär Ekström ◽  
Anders Blomberg ◽  
Göran Bergström ◽  
John Brandberg ◽  
Kenneth Caidahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Lower Lung

IntroductionBreathlessness is common in the population, especially in women and associated with adverse health outcomes. Obesity (body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2) is rapidly increasing globally and its impact on breathlessness is unclear.MethodsThis population-based study aimed primarily to evaluate the association of current BMI and self-reported change in BMI since age 20 with breathlessness (modified Research Council score ≥1) in the middle-aged population. Secondary aims were to evaluate factors that contribute to breathlessness in obesity, including the interaction with spirometric lung volume and sex.ResultsWe included 13 437 individuals; mean age 57.5 years; 52.5% women; mean BMI 26.8 (SD 4.3); mean BMI increase since age 20 was 5.0 kg/m2; and 1283 (9.6%) reported breathlessness. Obesity was strongly associated with increased breathlessness, OR 3.54 (95% CI, 3.03 to 4.13) independent of age, sex, smoking, airflow obstruction, exercise level and the presence of comorbidities. The association between BMI and breathlessness was modified by lung volume; the increase in breathlessness prevalence with higher BMI was steeper for individuals with lower forced vital capacity (FVC). The higher breathlessness prevalence in obese women than men (27.4% vs 12.5%; p<0.001) was related to their lower FVC. Irrespective of current BMI and confounders, individuals who had increased in BMI since age 20 had more breathlessness.ConclusionBreathlessness is independently associated with obesity and with weight gain in adult life, and the association is stronger for individuals with lower lung volumes.

scholarly journals Frailty, Serum Androgens, and the CAG Repeat Polymorphism: Results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2746-2754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Travison ◽  
Rebecca Shackelton ◽  
Andre B. Araujo ◽  
John E. Morley ◽  
Rachel E. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Androgen Sensitivity ◽  
Aging Study

Abstract Context: The CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor, denoted (CAG)n, is thought to (inversely) index androgen sensitivity. We hypothesized that (CAG)n would exhibit a modifying influence on the association between circulating total and calculated free testosterone (TT and FT) and physical frailty in aging men. Objective: The objective of the study was to establish the influence of (CAG)n on the relation between circulating TT, FT, LH, SHBG, and frailty. Design: This was a prospective cohort study of health and endocrine functioning in randomly selected men, with a baseline (T1: 1987–89) and two follow-up (T2: 1995–1997; T3: 2002–2004) visits. Setting: This was an observational study of men residing in greater Boston, MA. Participants: A total of 624 subjects aged 50–86 yr were retained. Main Outcome Measures: The frailty phenotype was measured at T3. Components included weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, weakness, and slowness. Subjects exhibiting two of these five components were considered to be in an intermediate state, and those exhibiting three or more were considered frail. Results: (CAG)n was positively associated with TT and FT. Multivariable regression analyses revealed no influence of CAG on longitudinal within-subject changes in hormone levels or cross-sectional (T3) associations between hormone concentrations and the prevalence of intermediate frailty or frailty. Models incorporating subjects’ history of hormone decline produced similar negative results. Conclusions: This population-based study does not support the hypothesis that interindividual differences in (CAG)n can account for a lack of association between circulating androgens and the frailty phenotype. Longitudinal analyses are needed to confirm these conclusions.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Lifestyle in Relation to Cognitive Health: Results from the HELIAD Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas Anastasiou ◽  
Mary Yannakoulia ◽  
Meropi Kontogianni ◽  
Mary Kosmidis ◽  
Eirini Mamalaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Lifestyle Pattern

Many lifestyle factors have been linked to cognitive function but little is known about their combined effect. An overall lifestyle pattern for people living in the Mediterranean basin has been proposed, including diet, but also physical activity, sleep and daily living activities with social/intellectual aspects. We aimed to examine the associations between a combination of these lifestyle factors and detailed cognitive performance. A total of 1716 participants from the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Ageing and Diet (HELIAD), a population-based study of participants ≥65 years, were included in this analysis. Lifestyle factors were evaluated using standard, validated questionnaires and a Total Lifestyle Index (TLI) was constructed. Cognitive outcomes included mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis, a composite z-score (either continuous or with a threshold at the 25th percentile) and z-scores for five cognitive domains. A higher TLI was associated with 65% reduced odds for MCI in the non-demented individuals and 43% reduced odds for low global cognition when MCI participants were excluded, a risk reduction equivalent to 9 and 2.7 fewer years of ageing, respectively. Each lifestyle factor was differentially associated with domain-specific cognitive performance. Our results suggest that a TLI, more so than single lifestyle parameters, may be related to cognitive performance.

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