scholarly journals Comprehensive sex steroid profiling in multiple tissues reveals novel insights in sex steroid distribution in male mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Colldén ◽  
Maria E Nilsson ◽  
Anna-Karin Norlén ◽  
Andreas Landin ◽  
Sara H Windahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Steroid Profiling ◽  
Total Body

Abstract A comprehensive atlas of sex steroid distribution in multiple tissues is currently lacking and how circulating and tissue sex steroid levels correlate remains unknown. Here, we adapted and validated a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous measurement of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione, progesterone (Prog), estradiol, and estrone in mouse tissues. We then mapped the sex steroid pattern in 10 different endocrine, reproductive, and major body compartment tissues and serum of gonadal intact and orchiectomized (ORX) male mice. In gonadal intact males, high levels of DHT were observed in reproductive tissues, but also in white adipose tissue (WAT). A major part of the total body reservoir of androgens (T and DHT) and Prog was found in WAT. Serum levels of androgens and Prog were strongly correlated with corresponding levels in the brain while only modestly correlated with corresponding levels in WAT. After ORX, the levels of active androgens T and DHT decreased markedly while Prog levels in male reproductive tissues increased slightly. In ORX mice, Prog was by far the most abundant sex steroid, and again, WAT constituted the major reservoir of Prog in the body. In conclusion, we present a comprehensive atlas of tissue and serum concentrations of sex hormones in male mice, revealing novel insights in sex steroid distribution. Brain sex steroid levels are well reflected by serum levels and WAT constitutes a large reservoir of sex steroids in male mice. In addition, Prog is the most abundant sex hormone in ORX mice.

ADMINISTRATION OF ALBUMIN IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA BY EXCHANGE TRANSFUSIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-621
Author(s):  
Gerard B. Odell ◽  
Sanford N. Cohen ◽  
Ellen H. Gordes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Albumin Administration ◽  
Total Body

A comparative study was done to evaluate the effect of the administration of albumin on the removal of bilirubin by exchange transfusion. The amounts of bilirubin removed by simple exchange were similar when the pre-exchange concentrations in serum were alike. The administration of one gram of albumin per kilogram of body weight 1 to 2 hours prior to the procedure resulted in the removal by exchange transfusion of an average of 41% more bilirubin per kilogram of birth weight. The amount of bilirubin removed from the infants given albumin did vary from infant to infant in spite of similar pre-albumin bilirubin concentrations in serum. This was interpreted to represent variation in the total body bilirubin content, even when serum levels are alike. The amount of bilirubin removed per kilogram of birth weight was not found to be related to the etiology of the hyperbilirubinemia, the infant's age, or to the body weight at the time of the exchange. The albumin administration was associated with an increase in bilirubin concentration in serum and a decrease in capillary hematocrit value. Adipose tissue did not seem to be a major source of the additional bilirubin removed.

Research Recommendations for Applying Vitamin A-Labelled Isotope Dilution Techniques to Improve Human Vitamin A Nutrition

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo ◽  
Anura V. Kurpad ◽  
Janet R. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Total Body

The current use of serum retinol concentrations as a measurement of subclinical vitamin A deficiency is unsatisfactory for many reasons. The best technique available for vitamin A status assessment in humans is the measurement of total body pool size. Pool size is measured by the administration of retinol labelled with stable isotopes of carbon or hydrogen that are safe for human subjects, with subsequent measurement of the dilution of the labelled retinol within the body pool. However, the isotope techniques are time-consuming, technically challenging, and relatively expensive. There is also a need to assess different types of tracers and doses, and to establish clear guidelines for the use and interpretation of this method in different populations. Field-friendly improvements are desirable to encourage the application of this technique in developing countries where the need is greatest for monitoring the risk of vitamin A deficiency, the effectiveness of public health interventions, and the potential of hypervitaminosis due to combined supplement and fortification programs. These techniques should be applied to validate other less technical methods of assessing vitamin A deficiency. Another area of public health relevance for this technique is to understand the bioconversion of β-carotene to vitamin A, and its relation to existing vitamin A status, for future dietary diversification programs.

Membrane estrogen receptor α is essential for estrogen signaling in the male skeleton

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
H H Farman ◽  
K L Gustafsson ◽  
P Henning ◽  
L Grahnemo ◽  
V Lionikaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Total Body

The importance of estrogen receptor α (ERα) for the regulation of bone mass in males is well established. ERα mediates estrogenic effects both via nuclear and membrane-initiated ERα (mERα) signaling. The role of mERα signaling for the effects of estrogen on bone in male mice is unknown. To investigate the role of mERα signaling, we have used mice (Nuclear-Only-ER; NOER) with a point mutation (C451A), which results in inhibited trafficking of ERα to the plasma membrane. Gonadal-intact male NOER mice had a significantly decreased total body areal bone mineral density (aBMD) compared to WT littermates at 3, 6 and 9 months of age as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). High-resolution microcomputed tomography (µCT) analysis of tibia in 3-month-old males demonstrated a decrease in cortical and trabecular thickness in NOER mice compared to WT littermates. As expected, estradiol (E2) treatment of orchidectomized (ORX) WT mice increased total body aBMD, trabecular BV/TV and cortical thickness in tibia compared to placebo treatment. E2 treatment increased these skeletal parameters also in ORX NOER mice. However, the estrogenic responses were significantly decreased in ORX NOER mice compared with ORX WT mice. In conclusion, mERα is essential for normal estrogen signaling in both trabecular and cortical bone in male mice. Increased knowledge of estrogen signaling mechanisms in the regulation of the male skeleton may aid in the development of new treatment options for male osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of a Multi-Strain Probiotic on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Long-Distance Runners

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3758
Author(s):  
Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka ◽  
Lucyna Ostrowska ◽  
Joanna Leszczyńska ◽  
Karolina Orywal ◽  
Urszula Cwalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Use of probiotic supplements, the benefits of which have not been proven in sportspeople, is becoming more widespread among runners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multi-strain probiotic on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammation in the body. The randomised, double-blind study included 66 long-distance runners. The intervention factor was a multi-strain probiotic or placebo. At the initial and final stages of the study, evaluation of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness was performed and the presence of inflammation determined. In the group of men using the probiotic, an increase in lean body mass (p = 0.019) and skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.022) was demonstrated, while in the group of women taking the probiotic, a decrease in the content of total body fat (p = 0.600) and visceral fat (p = 0.247) was observed. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased in women (p = 0.140) and men (p = 0.017) using the probiotic. Concentration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha decreased in women (p = 0.003) and men (p = 0.001) using the probiotic and in women (p = 0.074) and men (p = 0.016) using the placebo. Probiotic therapy had a positive effect on selected parameters of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of study participants and showed a tendency to reduce inflammation.

scholarly journals Magnesium: Biochemistry, Nutrition, Detection, and Social Impact of Diseases Linked to Its Deficiency

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Diana Fiorentini ◽  
Concettina Cappadone ◽  
Giovanna Farruggia ◽  
Cecilia Prata
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Dietary Reference Values ◽  
Magnesium Status ◽  
Total Body

Magnesium plays an important role in many physiological functions. Habitually low intakes of magnesium and in general the deficiency of this micronutrient induce changes in biochemical pathways that can increase the risk of illness and, in particular, chronic degenerative diseases. The assessment of magnesium status is consequently of great importance, however, its evaluation is difficult. The measurement of serum magnesium concentration is the most commonly used and readily available method for assessing magnesium status, even if serum levels have no reliable correlation with total body magnesium levels or concentrations in specific tissues. Therefore, this review offers an overview of recent insights into magnesium from multiple perspectives. Starting from a biochemical point of view, it aims at highlighting the risk due to insufficient uptake (frequently due to the low content of magnesium in the modern western diet), at suggesting strategies to reach the recommended dietary reference values, and at focusing on the importance of detecting physiological or pathological levels of magnesium in various body districts, in order to counteract the social impact of diseases linked to magnesium deficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of spermine synthase deficiency on polyamine biosynthesis and content in mice and embryonic fibroblasts, and the sensitivity of fibroblasts to 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea

2000 ◽  
Vol 351 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline A. MACKINTOSH ◽  
Anthony E. PEGG
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Embryonic Fibroblasts ◽  
Primary Fibroblast ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Spermine Synthase ◽  
Fibroblast Cultures ◽  
Phex Gene ◽  
Weaning Age

Mutant Gy male mice, which have previously been described as having disruption of the phosphate-regulating Phex gene and a spermine synthase gene [Meyer, Henley, Meyer, Morgan, McDonald, Mills and Price (1998) Genomics, 48, 289–295; Lorenz, Francis, Gempel, Böddrich, Josten, Schmahl and Schmidt (1998) Hum. Mol. Genet. 7, 541–547], as well as mutant Hyp male mice, which have disruption of the Phex gene only, were examined along with their respective normal male littermates. Biochemical analyses of extracts of brains, hearts and livers of 5-week-old mice showed that Gy males lacked any significant spermine synthase activity as well as spermine content. Organs of Gy males had a higher spermidine content. This was caused not only by the lack of conversion of spermidine into spermine, but also because of compensatory increases in the activities of other polyamine biosynthetic enzymes. Gy males were half the body weight of their normal male littermates at weaning age. Hyp males, however, were no different in size when compared with their controls. High mortality of Gy males occurs by weaning age and this mortality was shown to be largely post-natal. Embryonic fibroblasts were isolated from Gy males and their normal male littermates and were similarly shown to lack any significant spermine synthase activity as well as spermine content. The lack of spermine, however, had no significant effect on the growth of immortalized fibroblasts or of primary fibroblast cultures. Similarly, there was no difference in the time of senescence of primary fibroblast cultures from Gy males compared with cultures derived from normal male littermates. However, the lack of spermine did increase the sensitivity of immortalized fibroblasts to killing by the chloroethylating agent 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea. Therefore both the Gy male mice and derived embryonic fibroblasts provide valuable models to study the importance of spermine and spermine synthase, without the use of inhibitors which may have additional side effects.

Abstract 620: Development Of A New Mouse Model Exhibiting A Specific Deficiency Of Prorenin Renin Receptor In Adipocytes.

Hypertension ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederique B Yiannikouris ◽  
Genevieve Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Adipose Tissue Stromal Cells

Objectives: Recent studies demonstrated that the prorenin renin receptor (PRR) is present in adipose tissue. In adipose tissue stromal cells, PRR has the ability to bind renin and prorenin and contributes to the generation of angiotensinI (AngI). However, the contribution of adipocyte PRR to the generation of the vasoactive peptide, AngII and therefore to the regulation of blood pressure in physiological condition is unknown. The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize a new mouse model with adipocyte-specific PRR deficiency and define the role of adipose PRR in normal physiology. Methods and results: Female mice with 2 loxP sites flanking exon 2 of the PRR gene (floxed alleles, PRRfl/fl) were bred with aP2-Cre or with Adi-Cre male mice. Since PRR is located in the X chromosome, the male mice generated from the breeding were homozygotes for the deletion (PRRaP2 and PRRAdi). From the breeding, 5 PRRfl/fl, 2 PRRaP2 and 5 PRRAdi male mice were generated suggesting that the deletion of PRR in adipocyte was not lethal. Mice were fed on chow diet during 20 weeks. The body weight, the fat, lean mass and the blood pressure were quantified. Preliminary data suggest that the body weights (BW) were slightly decreased in PRRaP2 and PRRAdi compared to PRRfl/fl (PRRfl/fl: 29±1g; PRRaP2: 25±5g; PRRAdi: 28±1g). The slight reduction in BW was attributed to a reduction in fat mass (PRRfl/fl: 4.8±0.9g; PRRaP2: 3.8±1.8g; PRRAdi: 1.9±0.4g). Blood pressure was measured by plethysmography and by radiotelemetry. Preliminary data demonstrated that under physiological conditions, the SBP was not changed in PRRaP2 male mice compared to PRRfl/fl mice (plethysmography: PRRfl/fl: 108±1 mmHg; PRRaP2: 99±7 mmHg; radiotelemetry: PRRfl/fl: 129±2 mmHg; PRRaP2: 128±6 mmHg). The SBP of PRRAdi is currently under investigation. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the viability of mice with specific adipocyte deficiency of PRR. Future studies will define the effects of adipocyte PRR deficiency on obesity-induced hypertension.

Impact of Clomiphene Citrate on the Steroid Profile in Dysmetabolic Men with Low Testosterone Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (08) ◽  
pp. 520-528
Author(s):  
Carla Pelusi ◽  
Flamina Fanelli ◽  
Margherita Baccini ◽  
Giovanni De Pergola ◽  
Vincenzo Triggiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Male Hypogonadism ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Adrenal Steroidogenesis ◽  
Steroid Profiling ◽  
Corticosteroid Binding Globulin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
17Β Estradiol

AbstractClomiphene citrate (CC) in male hypogonadism increases testosterone (T) and estrogen levels by stimulating pituitary gonadotropin release. Our group confirmed these hormonal changes in a randomized, cross-over, double-blind trial of CC versus placebo in addition to metformin, conducted in 21 obese dysmetabolic men with low T levels. However, we hypothesize that based on its mechanism of action, CC may directly or indirectly affect adrenal steroidogenesis. The aim of this sub-study was to better understand the changes in steroid levels and metabolism induced by CC treatment. We assessed 17α-hydroxypregnelone (17αOH-P5), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), progesterone (P4), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17αOH-P4), androstenedione (A), T, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 11-deoxycortisol (11 S), cortisol (F), and cortisone (E) by LC-MS/MS, and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) by ELISA, before and after each treatment. In addition, free-F and steroid product/precursor ratios were calculated. We observed a significant change in serum levels induced by CC compared with placebo for 17αOH-P4, DHT, T, E2, E1, F, E, and CBG, but not free-F. In addition, compared to placebo, CC induced higher 17αOH-P4/P4, E2/E1, 17αOH-P4/17αOH-P5, A/17αOH-P4, T/A, E1/A, F/11 S, and F/E ratios. Therefore, besides the CC stimulating effect on testis steroidogenesis, our study showed increased F, E, but not free-F, levels, indicating changes in steroid metabolism rather than adrenal secretion stimulation. The steroid profiling also revealed the CC stimulation of the Δ5 rather than the Δ4 pathway, thus indicating considerable testicular involvement in the increased androgen secretion.

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