scholarly journals Evaluation of Turner Syndrome International Consensus Guideline Compliance in Multiple Subspecialty Clinics Verses a Coordinated Multidisciplinary Clinic Format

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A798-A798
Author(s):  
Benjamin Donald Hoag ◽  
Sarah J L Tsai ◽  
Joseph Theodore Cernich ◽  
David Williams
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
P Value ◽  
Guideline Compliance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multidisciplinary Clinic ◽  
Screening Guideline ◽  
Age Appropriate

Abstract Turner syndrome’s (TS) lifelong association with multi-organ system comorbidities necessitates the effective implementation of, and adherence to, screening guidelines. Our team evaluated the effectiveness in implementing the 2016 Cincinnati International Turner Syndrome consensus guidelines [1] in a single, coordinated, multidisciplinary clinic (MDC) day format compared to multiple separate subspecialty clinic visits. A retrospective analysis of patients with TS followed at our pediatric tertiary referral center between December 2016 and April 2020 was conducted. Exclusion criteria included patients that were not seen in our pediatric endocrine clinic for over 24 months, age over 22 years, and those without confirmed genetic diagnosis of TS. The population was separated into two groups; girls who attended at least 1 MDC day each year and girls who had at least 1 endocrinology clinic visit in the last 14 months, but who were not part of the MDC (non-MDC). Age appropriate screenings included TSH, hepatic function test, Vitamin D level, blood glucose and/or HgA1C, celiac screening panel, hearing/auditory screening, eye examination, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram. A total of 112 girls met study criteria. Sixty-eight were managed in the MDC and 44 managed in non-MDC. Only 36.6% of all the girls met all the above age-appropriate screening recommendations, 75.6% of which were managed in MDC (p-value 0.014). MDC girls had higher screening compliance rates vs non-MDC girls for TSH (95% vs 76%, p-value 0.017), auditory evaluation (85% vs 50%, p-value <0.001), HgA1c and/or serum blood glucose levels (97% vs 76%, p-value 0.017), and tissue transglutaminase levels (95% vs 83%, p-value 0.048). No statistically significant difference was found with overall screening guideline compliance and insurance status, race/ethnicity, or age at time of the patients last recorded clinic visit. In conclusion, the MDC day format showed superior screening guideline compliance, both overall and to multiple specific screening tests, compared to those seen in multiple uncoordinated, single-disciplinary individual provider clinics. Overall guideline adherence remained low (36.6%), highlighting the need for continued optimization and improvement in guideline compliance. Reference: [1] Gravholt, C.H., et al., Eur J Endocrinol, 2017. 177(3): p. G1-G70.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HONEY CONSUMPTION AFTER PHYSICAL EXERCISES ON ELECTROLYTES AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (Spl-2-ICOPMES_2020) ◽  
pp. S274-S279
Author(s):  
Aliyah . ◽  
◽  
Ratna Dwi Pujiarti Rahman ◽  
Elly Wahyudin ◽  
Rifka Nurul Utami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Honey Solution

Honey has been used as food and medicine for thousands of years. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of honey in restoring the levels of electrolytes and blood glucose after performing physical exercises. The effect of honey consumption on electrolyte and blood glucose levels was examined on12 healthy male subjects, which were divided into 4 groups with three members in each group. Group I was treated as control and provided only 250 ml of mineral water after exercise, while group II was provided 250 ml commercial isotonic beverage, group III provided honey solution 1 (15 ml honey/250 ml water), and group IV provided honey solution 2 (45 ml honey/250 ml water). The physical exercise performed by the subjects is running on a treadmill at a speed of 5.6 km/h for 40 minutes. Measurements of electrolyte and blood glucose levels were performed 24 hrs before as initial baseline, and these were also measured after the physical exercise as well as after the treatment. Results of the study revealed that honey played a significant role in the restore electrolyte and blood glucose levels in people who have performed physical activities such as exercising and the effect of honey is similar to the commercial isotonic beverage. However, no significant difference (p-value > 0.05) was reported between the honey solution 1 and 2 and other treatment groups in elevating sodium and chloride level.

scholarly journals “PREVALENCE OF TB IN PATIENTS WITH DM UNDER REVISED NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAMME”

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Mohammed Hidayath Hussain ◽  
Mir Ahsan Ali Quadri ◽  
Dr. Chelluri Eshwara Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: DM has been shown to be an independent risk factor for TB, and there is evidence showing high DM prevalence in TB patients in studies mainly from the southern part of India. This strong association between DM and TB raises the question as to whether TB patients should be routinely screened for DM. Many studies have been conducted to establish the relation between TB and DM using fasting blood glucose as the parameter. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to detect the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in the newly diagnosed TB patients by HbA1C and Fasting Blood Glucose. Design: This was a Cross Sectional study. Duration: The present study was conducted from January 2015 to June 2016. Setting: Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad. Participants: 280 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis at the chest clinic of Shadan Institute Of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad. Methods: 140 out of the 280 patients who were diagnosed as TB underwent blood tests for Fasting Blood Glucose and HbA1C along with the routine investigations like CBP, ESR, Chest X ray, ECG, Sputum examination. The data of patients with TB and DM and patients with only TB was compared. The data of pulmonary and extra pulmonary TB groups was compared. The data of sputum positive and sputum negative groups was compared. Student’s t test was performed for normally distributed continuous variables and a p value was derived. Results: 38(27%) out of 140 patients had abnormal HbA1c i.e. > 6.5% having a strong association with male gender and age more than 45 years. The majority of the patients who had diabetes in this study, also had sputum positive TB(57%). This study showed a significant difference in mean age between the two groups of TB with diabetes(44.88 ± 5.721) and TB without DM(34.598 ± 10.56). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of DM amongst the TB patients registered under RNTCP. Diabetes makes a substantial contribution to the burden of incident tuberculosis in India, and the association is particularly strong for the infectious form of tuberculosis. The current diabetes epidemic may lead to a resurgence of tuberculosis in endemic regions, especially in urban areas. This potentially carries a risk of global spread with serious implications for tuberculosis control. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Blood Glucose, Sputum.

scholarly journals A comparative assessment of safety and tolerability of metoprolol versus carvedilol in patients of chronic stable angina

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Megha Bansal ◽  
Manju Gari ◽  
Manisha Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Stable Angina ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Chronic Stable Angina ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
P Value ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Angina pectoris is a clinical manifestation characterized by chest pain typically in substerum radiating to left arm, jaw, back lasting for 1-5 minutes and is relieved by rest. Beta blockers are one of the drugs indicated in angina. The aim of the study is to compare safety and tolerability of metoprolol and carvedilol in patients of chronic stable angina.Methods: The study done is randomized, open label, parallel type where tablet carvedilol and tab metoprolol is given in a group of 50 patients each. The patients were followed thereafter on 8th, 16th, 24th week to study safety in terms of haematological parameters like complete blood count, liver function tests, renal function tests, serum sodium, serum potassium, fasting blood glucose, 2 hours post prandial blood glucose, HbA1C, and Lipid profile and tolerability in terms of side effects. The study was conducted for one year and the data was assessed by relevant statistical analysis where p value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: It was seen that the disease was most common in the age group of 51-60 years with male preponderance, and carvedilol was found to cause non-significant decrease in Serum Triglyceride with no change in total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C was found. No significant changes were observed in metoprolol group. There was no significant difference observed when blood sugar profile and other haematological parameters were considered. Both drugs were considered to be equally tolerable.Conclusions: Compared with carvedilol and metoprolol in patients of chronic stable angina, carvedilol resulted in better lipid profile whereas metoprolol showed no changes in lipid parameters.

scholarly journals Comparing Glycemic Indices among Different Ethnic Groups Residing in Yenegoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Jonathan Nyebuchi ◽  
Victor Tuanwii ◽  
Felix Eedee Konne ◽  
Fyneface Chikadibia Amadi ◽  
Friday Ogidigba
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glycemic Indices ◽  
Study Population

Increased prevalence and incidence rates within ethnic minorities have been reported by numerous studies on tribal differences in type 2 diabetes patients, sharing a western setting. This study was aimed at comparing glycemic indices among different ethnic groups residing in Yenegoa, Bayelsa State. The study population consisted of apparently150 healthy male and female subjects; 116 Ijaws, 21 Igbos and 13 Yorubas residing in Yenagoa Local Government Area, Bayelsa State of Nigeria. All subjects were aged between 16 and 48 years. 4 mls of Blood samples was collected from each subject. 2mls of the blood was withdrawn into EDTA for HbA1c estimation while the other 2mls was withdrawn into fluoride oxalate for fasting blood glucose. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined using the automated CLOVER A1c Analyser while FBG was assayed using Glucose Oxidase Method. Results revealed that there was a significant difference in the mean levels of FBG among the studied groups (P-value < 0.05) but there was no significant difference in the HbA1c mean levels (P-value > 0.05). This study has revealed that ethnic differences may cause significant changes on fasting blood glucose but may not in HbA1c.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Sagu (Metroxylon spp) terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit Putih Jantan (Mus musculus) Diabetes Melitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Wilda Laila
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Significant Difference

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) causes various complications if it is not controlled properly. International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2015) stated that the prevalence DM in 2014 were 8, 3% or equals to 387 million in the world. The objective of this research was to identify the influence of Sago (Metroxylon spp) on blood glucose levels of male white mouse (Mus musculus) with Diabetes Mellitus. This research was an experimental research with pre-test and post-test only group design, conducted from October to December 2016. The samples were twentyfive male white mice (Mus musculus) what were divided into five groups such as : negative control group was given standard diet, the positive control group was given induction of alloxan, three treatment groups (P1) 65mg/20g BW/day was given rice flour, groups (P2) 65mg/20g BW/day was given sago and P3 group was given sago 130mg/20g BW/day. The data were analyzed by Anova testing and Post Host Test testing with trust degree of 95%. The result was the blood glucose level of the mice showed that there was a significant difference with p value 0,012 on group (P2) with treatment, while in group treatment (P3), there was also significant difference with p value 0,019. It could be concluded that there was a significant difference in the average blood glucose level after the rice flour and sago treatment towards various groups.  Keyword : Sago, Rice Flour, Blood Glucose Level, and Diabetes Mellitus

scholarly journals Pengaruh Teh Hijau Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah dan MDA Serum Mencit Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Karima Husfa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Control ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Abstrak Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik kronik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia yang jika terjadi secara terus-menerus akan menghasilkan radikal bebas berlebihan yang berperan dalam komplikasi diabetes. Teh hijau memiliki banyak kandungan katekin yang berperan sebagai antihiperglikemik dan antioksidan untuk mencegah komplikasi diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian teh hijau terhadap kadar gula darah dan MDA serum mencit yang diinduksi aloksan. Penelitian ini merupakan true experimental dengan randomized post-test control group design. Sampel terdiri dari 35 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (K-), kontrol positif (K+), perlakuan 1 (P1), perlakuan 2 (P2), dan perlakuan 3 (P3). Kelompok K- adalah kelompok normal yang hanya diberikan diet standar, kelompok K+ diinduksi aloksan saja, kelompok P1, P2, dan P3 diinduksi aloksan dan diberi infusa teh hijau 1%, 2%, dan 4% selama 15 hari. Rata-rata kadar gula darah kelompok K-, K+, P1, P2, dan P3 adalah 73,14 mg/dl, 210 mg/dl, 164,57 mg/dl, 152,57 mg/dl, dan 135,83 mg/dl. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok P1, P2, dan P3 dengan kelompok K+ dengan nilai p=0,001. Rata-rata kadar MDA serum kelompok K-, K+, P1, P2, dan P3 adalah 2,54 nmol/mg, 4,04 nmol/mg, 3,05 nmol/mg, 2,87 nmol/mg, dan 2,47 nmol/mg. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok P1, P2, dan P3 dengan kelompok K+ dengan nilai p=0,001. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian adalah pemberian infusa teh hijau berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah dan MDA serum mencit yang diinduksi aloksan. Kata kunci: teh hijau, Camellia sinensis, diabetes melitus, gula darah, MDA serum, aloksan.   Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease, characterized by hyperglycemia which if occurs continously will produce excessive free radical that have role in diabetes complication. Green tea has a lot of cathecin which has role as antihyperglycemia and antioxidant to prevent diabetes complication. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of green tea on blood glucose level and serum MDA level in alloxan-induced mice. This research was a true experiment with randomized post-test control group design. The sample consisted of 35 mice divided into five groups, negative control (K-), positive control (K+), treatment 1 (P1), treatment 2 (P2), and treatment 3 (P3). The K- group was the normal group, given standard diet only, the K+ group was induced alloxan only, the P1, P2, and P3 groups were induced alloxan and given 1%, 2%, and 4% green tea infusion for 15 days. The mean of blood glucose level on K-, K+, P1, P2, and P3 group were 73,14 mg/dl, 210 mg/dl, 164,57 mg/dl, 152,57 mg/dl, and 135,83 mg/dl. There were significant difference between P1, P2, and P3 group with K+ group with p value=0,001. The mean of serum MDA level on K-, K+, P1, P2, and P3 group were 2,54 nmol/mg, 4,04 nmol/mg, 3,05 nmol/mg, 2,87 nmol/mg, and 2,47 nmol/mg. There were significant difference between P1, P2, and P3 group with K+ group with p value=0,001.The conclusion is green tea infusion can reduce the level of blood glucose and serum MDA in alloxan-induced mice. Keywords: green tea, Camellia sinensis, diabetes mellitus, blood glucose, serum MDA, alloxan

scholarly journals SAT-649 Comparison of the Accuracy and Concordance of 3 CGM Devices vs SMBG During Aerobic Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A Henske ◽  
Jeff D Thostenson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Freestyle Libre

Abstract Introduction: Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) and flash glucose monitoring (FGM) devices have become important tools for managing type 1 diabetes. These devices are approved for management decisions in steady-state conditions, however there is a decline in accuracy during aerobic exercise with respect to MARD and lag time.1 It is possible that newer technologies may be superior to previous devices. Question: With the newest rtCGM, FGM, and long-term CGM devices, do we continue to see an increase in MARD during continuous aerobic exercise? Is there a difference between glucose readings of the 3 devices when worn simultaneously during exercise? Design: A single subject with T1DM, experienced in glucose management during exercise, wore 3 devices simultaneously - the DEXCOM G6 (San Diego, CA; rt-CGM1, worn on the abdomen), the Eversense (Germantown, DM; long-term CGM or rt-CGM2, implanted in the left arm), and the Abbott Freestyle Libre 14-day (Chicago, IL; FGM, worn on the right arm). The rt-CGM2 was calibrated using a blood glucose meter (Ascensia Contour Next) which was also used for comparator SMBG. Glucose was recorded 10 minutes before and after exercise and every 10 minutes during a 60 minute run at moderate intensity. 6 exercise sessions were averaged for data analysis. Subject wore an insulin pump and reduced the basal rate by 50% 90 minutes prior to exercise and resumed the basal immediately post-exercise. Carbohydrates were not used within 3 hours prior to exercise but could be consumed during exercise if needed to avoid hypoglycemia. Results: Glucose value during 60 minutes of exercise dropped from mean of 167 to 114 mg/dL with SMBG, 174 to 115 mg/dL with rt-CGM, 175 to 115 with rt-CGM2, and 150 to 106 mg/dL with FGM. Average measured glucose was 140.0, 145.8, 145.6, and 129.3 mg/dL for SMBG, rt-CGM1, rt-CGM2, and FGM respectively. P-value &lt;0.05 for FGM. MARD (calculated compared to SMBG) for 10 minutes pre-exercise, during exercise, and post-exercise for rt-CGM1 was 5.1%, 11.7%, and 8.6% respectively. For rt-CGM2 MARD was 7.7%, 11.4%, and 10.0% respectively. For FGM, MARD was 12.7%, 5.3%, and 21.3% respectively. Overall MARD was 9.8% for rt-CGM1, 10% for rt-CGM2, and 8.0% for FGM. Conclusions: Blood glucose values dropped with aerobic exercise with observed lag between CGM and SMBG. Rt-CGM1 and Rt-CGM2 showed increased MARD vs SMBG during exercise. Interestingly, lower MARD was seen for FGM during aerobic exercise likely due to bias towards lower glucose levels at baseline as reported by FGM. There was no significant difference seen during exercise between rt-CGM1 and rt-CGM2 despite the differing location of the sensors (transdermal vs subcutaneous) and method of glucose analysis (glucose oxidase vs fluorescence). References: (1) Zaharieva et al. Diabetes Technol Ther 2019; 21: 313-321.

PENENTUAN NILAI PARAMETER LIPOFILITAS SENYAWA 4-KLOROBENZOILTIOUREA DAN UJI POTENSIASI TERHADAP TIOPENTAL PADA MENCIT PUTIH (Mus musculus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dini Kesuma
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Log P ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Central Nervous System Depressant ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Synthesis of the 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound was carried out by acylating thiourea with 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride. The 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound  will increase the lipophilic and the electronic properties other than the lead compounds of benzoylthiourea in order to, by expectation, raise the central nervous system depressant as well. The lipophilic would affect the ability of the compounds in penetrating biological membranes, which is highly dependent on the solubility of the drug within lipid/water. Log P is the most common method used in determining the parameter value. This experiment was to mix two dissolvents (octanol and water) which are immissible. The both levels of the compounds were carefully observed by a spectrophotometer UV-Vis. From the test, the result of log P value of the 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound was 2.32, while the theoretical log P value of the compounds, by using the π Hansch-Fujita method is 1.62 and the f Rekker-Mannhold method is 2.225. Consequently, the result of the test shows that there is a significant difference between the progress experiment and both theoretical log P methods. Moreover, in the test of the central nervous system depressant through the potentiation test to thiopental using mice indicates that the 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound have potentiation effects to thiopental compared to the lead compounds of benzoylthiourea.

Employing Personal Reading Logs through Short Stories to Enhance Students’ L2 Reading Comprehension Achievement

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eliyas Sulaiman Mohandas ◽  
Nik Mastura Nik Ismail Azlan ◽  
Salwa Othman ◽  
Muhammad Aizat Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
P Value ◽  
L2 Reading ◽  
Reading Score ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
L2 Reading Comprehension

This study aims to investigate whether the use of six selected short stories throughout the duration of a 14-week course could enhance students’ reading comprehension achievement at the end of the semester. Out of the six short stories read, three were chosen as in-class assignments known as ‘Personal Reading Logs’ (hereafter, PRLs). One group of semester two Diploma students taking a reading skills course was selected through a convenience sampling method. A pre-test was conducted by having the students answer a past semester reading quiz of which the results would then be compared to their post-test (final reading exam) results. A paired samples t-test revealed no significant difference in the reading scores of the pre-test and the post-test, t (17) = -.265, p > .05. Since the p-value was bigger than 0.05, this indicated that the mean reading score of the post-test (M = 50.556) was not significantly higher than the mean reading score of the pre-test (M = 49.722). Therefore, the null hypothesis which stated that there was no difference in the mean score of the pre-test and post-test was retained. Overall, the result refuted the findings of other studies promoting the effectiveness of using short stories to enhance L2 reading comprehension achievement.

THE ANALYSIS OF NURSING STUDENT SOFT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN LECTURE AND PROBLEM BASED LEARNING APPROACHES 2011

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hilman Syarif
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Nursing Student ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Soft Skill ◽  
Student Centered Learning ◽  
Hard Skills ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Student Centered Learning (SCL) is an effective method to develop student's soft skills and hard skills which are very important to support their successful carrier later. This research was conducted to identify the differences of developed soft skills between students who learn with PBL method and lecturing method. Methods: Descriptive comparative method was used in this study. The samples consisted of 15 students who learned with PBL method and 15 students who learned with lecturing method. The sample for this research was selected by random sampling method. Results: The result showed that the average of student's soft skills score in PBL method was 122.63, while student's soft skills score in lecturing method was 116.27. Discussion & Conclusion: There was significant difference of student's soft skills in PBL method and lecturing method (p value = 0.038; α = 0.05). This study recommends nursing program management, faculty of medicine at the University of Syiah Kuala keeps PBL method running and develops other methods which facilitate hard skills and soft skills are development. Keywords: nursing students, soft skill, PBL

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document