scholarly journals The Impact of Diabetes and African American Race in COVID-19 Severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A350-A351
Author(s):  
Marilyn A Arosemena ◽  
Athalia Pyzer ◽  
Jovian Yu ◽  
Blake Flood ◽  
Sherin Rouhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
African American Race

Abstract Introduction: COVID-19, an illness caused by the novel coronavirus usually presents as a mild to moderate flu like illness, but can lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in some patients. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic there has been special attention towards patients with diabetes. Not only is diabetes highly prevalent in patients with COVID-19, but diabetes has been reported as a significant predictor of morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, race seems to be a predictor of severity with black people dying at 2.3 times the rate of white people. Methods: Here we performed a retrospective study of 524 cases of COVID-19 at an academic center in Chicago between March 2020 until August 2020. Data were obtained from patients that consented to the study to examine the relationship between diabetes, BMI, age, and race with degree of COVID-19 severity. Not all patients had all clinical and demographic data available. COVID-19 severity was determined using a severity index obtained from the measured SpO2 divided by the FiO2/fraction of inspired oxygen times 100. Numbers ≥ 315 mmHg were defined as low severity with patients generally requiring outpatient care, while 235–314 mm Hg were classified as moderate severity generally requiring inpatient care and≤ 234 mm Hg indicated high severity generally requiring intubation/ICU care. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used for linear correlation analyses. Proportion for categorical values were compared using the Chi squared test, the means for continuous variables were compared using two-tailed t tests or one way ANOVA (with Tukey post-test) for comparisons involving more than two conditions. A multiple linear regression model was used to assess the contribution of different variables. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05 Results: Among 120 patients with an A1c, 55 (46%) patients had diabetes and 65 (54%) did not have diabetes. More patients with a high severity index were seen in the cohort with diabetes compared to those without diabetes (72% compared to 28% p=0.004). Univariate analyses revealed statistically significant positive correlations with higher COVID-19 severity and older age, BMI, and African American race. ANOVA analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between increasing BMI and worse severity category with a BMI mean of 29.3 kg/m2 in the low severity category compared to 34.9 kg/m2 in the moderate severity category (p=0.006). A multi-variate analysis adjusting for all variables revealed that A1c, older age and race were positively associated with higher COVID-19 severity. Conclusion: Increased A1c, older age and race are positively and independently associated with a higher COVID-19 severity index. Further research regarding the relationship between COVID-19 and these associations is urgently needed.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Time Spent on Facebook and GPA Scores of Post-Graduates

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Mohammad Naim Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Social Applications ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article is aimed to study the correlation between the time spent on Facebook and GPA scores of post-graduate students of Afghanistan. Facebook, WhatsApp, Telegram, and many other social networks are used broadly by scholars inside and outside the campuses. However, these social platforms are a mean for communication and have paved the way for interactive educational practices, but still there are concerns on the relationships of these social applications on students’ educational developments. Reviewing the literature, the study identified that there are few articles on the impact of social media on teaching and learning in Afghanistan which are conducted in different context as well as applied different methods and observations. Therefore, this article intended to use a quantitative approach and descriptive survey to evaluate the GPA scores of the students and the time spent on Facebook in order to evaluate their relationships. The data is analysed performing Repeated Measure ANOVA and Pearson Correlation. The results show that there is no significant difference in the mean score of GPAs between three semester of post-graduates. It also highlights that there is no correlation between the time spent on Facebook and the GPA scores of students. To conclude, the study contributes to enrich the ongoing e-learning strategies of the higher education by underlining the potentials and restrictions of the use of social medias on students’ educational developments.

scholarly journals Time series analysis of the relationship between diarrhea in children and Rota 2 vaccine in the Fanteakwa District of the eastern region of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Atampiiga Avoka ◽  
Elvis J. Dun-Dery ◽  
Issah Seidu ◽  
Armel N. E. Abou ◽  
Paul Twene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
R Software ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Severe Gastroenteritis ◽  
Access To Medical Care ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Rotavirus is considered the main causal factor of severe gastroenteritis among infants and children globally. The association with severe rotavirus infection is mostly worse among the least developed countries, mainly due to inadequate access to medical care and poverty. This study was conducted to determine the seasonal effects in respect of diarrhea cases in children, the association between diarrhea cases and Rota2 vaccine in the Fanteakwa District of the Eastern Region of Ghana. Methods The study compares monthly diarrhea cases against children vaccinated with Rota2 extracted from DHIMS2 spanning May 2012 to December 2017 in Fanteakwa District. A univariate association between diarrhea cases and children vaccinated with Rota 2 was conducted using the R-software version 3.4.4 with the use of forecast, tseries and TSAPred. Pearson Correlation coefficient was also computed between monthly diarrhea cases and Rota 2 as well as lagged values of Rota 2 and Diarrhea cases. Results The study shows that February recorded the highest average number of diarrhea cases (172) over the period 2012 to 2017 with a standard deviation of 59. However, a one-way analysis of variance shows a significant difference amongst the monthly averages with an F-statistic of 0.042 and P-value of 0.064. It is observed that the correlations between each of the Rota2 doses and the lagged cases are positive, showing higher Rota2 doses a month ago ((Xt − 1),0.346 to0.735), two months ago ((Xt − 2),0.383 to 0.746), three months ago ((Xt − 3), 0.330 to 0.737) and four months ago ((Xt − 4), 0.236 to 0.723) are associated with lower diarrhea cases. The results also show that an increase in the previous two month’s Rota2 figures by 100 is associated with a significant decrease in the currently expected diarrhea cases by approximately 36. Conclusion Seasonal variations exist in the occurrence of diarrhea in children, with January recording the highest number of diarrhea cases (172). There is a relationship between episodes of diarrhea in children and Rota2 (p-value = 0.064); thus, the more children are vaccinated with Rota2, the less diarrhea cases are recorded. Diarrhea cases in Fanteakwa district are generally low, except 2013 and 2016 where the cases are higher than the rest of the other years.

Appendectomy Does Not Increase the Risk of Future Emergence of Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482198903
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Ishizuka ◽  
Norisuke Shibuya ◽  
Kazutoshi Takagi ◽  
Hiroyuki Hachiya ◽  
Kazuma Tago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

Objective To explore the impact of appendectomy history on emergence of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Background Although there are several studies to investigate the relationship between appendectomy history and emergence of PD, the results are still controversial. Methods We performed a comprehensive electronic search of the literature (the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and the Web of Science) up to April 2020 to identify studies that had employed databases allowing comparison of emergence of PD between patients with and those without appendectomy history. To integrate the impact of appendectomy history on emergence of PD, a meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to calculate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the selected studies, and heterogeneity was analyzed using I2 statistics. Results Four studies involving a total of 6 080 710 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Among 1 470 613 patients with appendectomy history, 1845 (.13%) had emergences of PD during the observation period, whereas among 4 610 097 patients without appendectomy history, 6743 (.15%) had emergences of PD during the observation period. These results revealed that patients with appendectomy history and without appendectomy had almost the same emergence of PD (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, .87-1.20; P = .83; I2 = 87%). Conclusion This meta-analysis has demonstrated that there was no significant difference in emergence of PD between patients with and those without appendectomy history.

The Relationship Between Leisure Management and Exam Anxiety Levels of University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2915-2921
Author(s):  
Fatih Yaşartürk ◽  
Buğra Akay ◽  
Betül Ayhan
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Exam Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between leisure management and test anxiety levels of university students and their differentiation status in terms of some demographic variables. Methods: The relational survey model was used in the study, and there were 284 (147 male and 137 female) university students selected from the universe by convenient sampling method. Personal information form prepared by the researchers, “Leisure Management Scale (LMS)” and “Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI)” were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, t-Test and Pearson Correlation analyzes were used by using SPSS 26.0 program. Results: There was no significant difference in the sub-dimensions of the leisure management scale and the total score averages according to the gender variable, while a significant difference was found in the TAI "delusional", "affective" sub-dimensions and total score averages. According to the family income variable of university students, a low-level and negative significant relationship was found in the "leisure attitude" sub-dimension of LMS, and in the total TAI and "delusional sub-dimension". A significant relationship was found between the age variable and the "goal setting and method" sub-dimension of LMS. A low and negative significant relationship was found between leisure and "goal setting and method", "leisure attitude" and total LMS score averages. In addition, while there was no significant relationship between LMS and TAI, it was found that there was a low and negative significant relationship between the "leisure attitude" sub-dimension and the test anxiety inventory and its sub-dimensions. Conclusion: It can be said that as the level of attitude towards leisure activities of university students’ increases, the feeling of exam anxiety may decrease, and the increase in free time will adversely affect the level of leisure management and attitude. Keywords: University students, Leisure management, Exam anxiety level. *It was presented as an oral presentation at the 5th Academic Sports Research Congress

scholarly journals Family Climate Patterns and Its Relationship with Self-Concept among Students at the University of Islamic Sciences in light of the Variables of Gender and Age

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Fatima Mohammad Rashed Al Talahin ◽  
Hana Khaled Al –Raqqad ◽  
Eman Saeed Al- Bourini ◽  
Bilal Adel Al-Kateeb
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Family Climate ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Climate Patterns ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship between self-concept and patterns of family climate among students at the University of Islamic Sciences, and also aimed to investigate the effect of gender and age on this relationship.The sample of the study consisted of a group of students were selected randomly, totaling (139) students; (58) male and (81) female students.Two questionnaires were distributed on 139 students. The first questionnaire was on the impact of patterns of family climate on self-concept and the second one about self-concept. Then the researcher analyzed the results of each item in the questionnaire using appropriated statistical methods, calculated the correlation between self-concept and patterns of family climate using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and G-test to find the difference between correlation coefficients.The results showed a positive statistical significance relationship between family climate patterns on one hand and between self-concept in all its dimensions on the other hand.

scholarly journals Feedback Environment and Creativity in Education Organizations

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Ying-Leh Ling ◽  
Fairuz Ismail ◽  
Abdul Ghani Kanesan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Feedback Environment ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inferential Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine the relationship between feedback environment practices and creativity in the educational organizations. This study is a quantitative study. A total of 40 polytechnic students from Polytechnic Kuching Sarawak are randomly selected to participate in this study. Data were obtained using a set of questionnaire consisting of three parts. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Inferential analysis involves <em>t</em> test and Pearson correlation. The findings have shown that the level of feedback environment based on students' perception is high. Simultaneously, the level of creativity among the students is also high. The findings indicated that there is no significant difference in feedback environment between genders. Furthermore, the study also showed a significant and positive relationship between feedback environment and students’ creativity. The results of this study have several implications directly to the formation of high-quality students as feedback environment and students’ creativity are interrelated and inseparable in educational organizations.

scholarly journals The Effect of IELTS Listening Strategy Use on the Reduction of IELTS Listening Test Anxiety and on IELTS Listening Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Reza Nemat Tabrizi ◽  
Mahnaz Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Strategy Instruction ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Listening Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The study investigates the impact of IELTS listening strategy use on the reduction of listening test anxiety and on the listening performance of the IELTS test takers in light of the data of 80 participants on the pretest and post-test IELTS listening along with the participants' score on pre-anxiety and post anxiety scale. So, drawing on the instruments including a proficiency test, pre/post-test, anxiety questionnaire, materials for strategy instruction, the participants were randomly divided into two groups: Control Group and Experimental Group, each including 40 participants. As per the procedure, after tackling their pre-listening performance and pre-anxiety score, one group was treated with IELTS-Listening related strategies and the other group was not treated, but both were administered listening test. The results of the study indicated that those treated with IELTS strategy outperformed ( t (78) = 4.57, p = .000, r = .460 ) those receiving no listening-related strategy. Furthermore, the results of a t-test run on the post-test of the groups anxiety arrived at a statistically significant difference (t (78) = 5.77, p = .000, r = .547), representing that the control group outperformed the experimental group. Also, Pearson Correlation done for finding out a potential relationship between anxiety and listening performance indicated a negative and weak to moderate relationship ((r (78) = -.26, p = .020). The pedagogical implications of the study are in detailed argued.

scholarly journals Interregional analysis of the incidence as an instrument of improvement of the system of socio-hygienic monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-639
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Kolomin ◽  
Natalya I. Latyshevskaya ◽  
Vladimir. S. Rybkin ◽  
Irina A. Kudryasheva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Child Population ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The purpose of the study was to scientifically substantiate the unification of methods for analyzing the morbidity of the population, and comparative analysis of the morbidity of the child population at the interregional level within the framework of social and hygienic monitoring. Objective. The scientific substantiation of the feasibility of an inter-regional comparative analysis of the incidence of the population in the constituent entities of the Russian Federatio to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of management decisions developed as part of social and hygienic monitoring. Material and methods. A comparative analysis of the incidence in the regions of the Southern Federal District, the occurrence and development of which is associated with air pollution, was carried out. Statistical data processing was performed by linear regression using the Statgraphics and Microsoft Excel software packages. The calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient r to evaluate the severity of the existing trend in the variation of the variation series and the determination coefficient (R2), taking into account the reliability coefficient p <0.05. Assessed approaches to the analysis of the incidence of children in the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring in the subjects. Results. The study revealed the lack of a unified approach to the analysis of the morbidity of the population in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation within the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring, both according to the criteria for determining the priority pathologies for the region, and the duration of the analyzed period. The comparative analysis of the morbidity of the child population at the interregional level showed a significant difference in the dynamics and levels of morbidity from ecologically caused pathologies in adjacent regions, with similar social and climatic parameters. The formation of human health takes place under the conditions of the multicomponent influence of various factors. The etiology of most of the nosological forms, the degree of their dependence on the state of the external environment have been scientifically established. The most determined by the components of the environment, ecologically caused pathologies, the nature of the incidence of which is considered by the authors as a possible manifestation of the impact of a specific factor that has a priority value in the occurrence and development of these diseases. Conclusions. The study shows the expediency of unifying methods for analyzing the incidence of the population, as well as conducting a comparative analysis of the incidence of the child population at the interregional level within the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring.

scholarly journals The Impact of Autocratic Leadership on Disruptive Political Behavior, Moderating the Relationship of Abusive Supervisory Behavior and Mediating the Relationship of Employee’s Perception of Job Insecurity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Asif Hussain ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Lu Yali ◽  
Asma Ibrahim ◽  
Samina Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Political Behavior ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Employee Perception ◽  
Autocratic Leadership ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the impact of Autocratic leadership on Disruptive Political Behavior with the moderating effect of Abusive Supervisory Behavior and the mediating effect of Employee Perception of Job Insecurity. It examines the employee perception of job insecurity while working in an autocratic culture and the political strategies which an employee chooses to cope up with such insecurities. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample of 248 employees which include middle-level managers, front-line managers, and their employees. Pearson correlation test was used to establish the relationship between variables. Findings reveal the existence of a significant positive relationship between the variables. Result also prove that there is a significant positive moderation of abusive supervisory behavior between the relationship of autocratic leadership and employee perception of job insecurity, and shows partial significance with mediating effect of employee perception of job insecurity with the relation of autocratic leadership and disruptive political behavior. The study concludes with a discussion and future directions.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL COMPETENCIES ON THE ACQUISITION OF SOCIAL COMPETENCIES THROUGH PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Salam EL KETTANI
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Emotional Competencies ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Social and emotional difficulties are common during the kindergarten stage, the changes between family and school environment leave the child at risk of a range of emotional and social problems at that point. This pressure confronts the child's weak ability at that age, linguistically, to express his feelings and thoughts in a clear and understandable manner, as well as the beginning of his ability to control and organize his feelings and behaviors. All this constitutes factors that make the child's adaptation process on the emotional, social and cognitive level difficult during the kindergarten stage. While many studies confirm that the child is an emotional and social being par excellence, and while educational programs emphasize in most of their content on cognitive learning, the child's needs, personality and sentiments are ignored, hence the question raised about the role of emotional competencies in establishing other competencies? Since the kindergarten stage by its nature requires that the child learn to adapt to the environment and establish healthy relationships, our paper aims to study the relationship between emotional competencies (Self-awareness and Self-regulation*) and their indicators and social competencies (Social awareness and Relationships skills*) and their indicators and determine the mutual impact between them. As a tool for this study we used SEAM scale to measure emotional and social competencies to measure the relationship between emotional variables as an independent variable to see its effect on the dependent variable, which is in our study social competencies. Using the inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression coefficient) to measure the relationship between two variables, results demonstrated that there is a positive semantic relationship confirms that emotional competencies and their determinants are highly influential competencies that establish social competencies and their determinants at preschool age. Participant were 191 children, aged 4 to 6 years old at the time initial assessment, in kindergarten, within the group of schools relied to the Moroccan Foundation for promoting preschool education.

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