Agonistic behaviour and biogenic amines in shore crabs Carcinus maenas

To investigate the role of certain neurohormones in agonistic behaviour, fights were staged between pairs of size-matched male shore crabs Carcinus maenas, and blood samples were taken immediately after the contests had been resolved. Samples were also taken from these crabs at rest (before and after fighting) and after walking on a treadmill. A control group of crabs also had samples taken on each experimental day. Concentrations of tyramine, dopamine, octopamine, serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine were determined in each blood sample using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. Norepinephrine was not detectable in any of the samples, but the standards were recovered. Tyramine values were not significantly different between the control group and the fought group, so tyramine does not appear to be important in agonistic behaviour. A comparison between the control and fought groups shows that fighting had an effect on the concentrations of octopamine, dopamine and 5-HT, but exercise only had an effect on octopamine levels, which showed a reduction from resting values in both winners and losers. Resting and post-fight concentrations of octopamine, dopamine and 5-HT were higher in winners than in losers. 5-HT concentration increased in the blood of fought crabs from resting values, whereas dopamine concentration decreased. In winners, octopamine concentrations decreased from resting values, but in losers octopamine levels increased from resting concentrations. The escalatory behaviour or intensity of fighting performed by winners and losers was related to dopamine levels but not to those of octopamine or 5-HT. Therefore, there appears to be a link between relative concentrations of these three amines (dopamine, octopamine and 5-HT) and fighting ability; the effects are not simply a result of activity. The better competitors have higher concentrations of these three amines at rest and after fighting.

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The Change of GFAP or S100B Concentration in Serum Before and After Carotid Artery Stenting

10.21203/rs.2.19962/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaofan Yuan ◽

Shu Yang ◽

Lei Guo ◽

Duozi Wang ◽

Jie Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Stent Implantation ◽

Carotid Artery Stenting ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Before And After ◽

Operative Evaluation ◽

Symptomatic Stenosis

Abstract Background：This study explored the role of GFAP and S100B as cerebral biomarkers in the pre-operative evaluation and post-operative efficacy in monitoring of carotid stent implantation. Method：32 with unilateral carotid stenosis who underwent carotid artery stenting (CAS) enrolled in the CAS group. The blood samples of operation patients were collected on three different time points: T1: the day before operation; T2: 24 hours after operation; T3, 72 hours after operation. 32 who were excluded for carotid artery stenosis by Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) were selected as the control group. The blood samples of patients in control group were collected at D1 (before DSA) and D2 (24 hours after DSA). Results：(1). The serum concentrations of GFAP and S100B was higher in the CAS group before operation than those in DSA group（P<0.05）. (2). In the operation group, GFAP and S100B increased significantly on the first day after operation (T2) and decreased gradually on the third day after operation (T3) but increased compared with that before operation (T1) with statistical significance (P < 0.05). (3). For patients with symptomatic stenosis before operation, the concentrations of GFAP and S100B in serum were higher than those in patients without symptomatic stenosis (P < 0.05). Conclusions： The cerebral biochemical markers GFAP and S100B have a certain change trend after CAS, which can be used as a method to evaluate and monitor the curative effect before and after carotid artery stent implantation combined with imaging tools.

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Determination of Diazinon concentration by gas chromatography - Mass Spectrometry in underground drinking water resources located near the rice fields, before and after the pesticide spraying

Microchemical Journal ◽

10.1016/j.microc.2021.106600 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106600

Author(s):

Seyyedeh Faezeh Hosseini ◽

Hamidreza Nassehinia ◽

Hossein Nazari ◽

Yusuf Dadban Shahamat ◽

Zohre Banaee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Drinking Water Resources ◽

Before And After

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Carvacrol attenuates amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat

10.21203/rs.3.rs-281102/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Atta Mohammad Dost ◽

Mehmet Gunata ◽

Onural Ozhan ◽

Azibe Yildiz ◽

Nigar Vardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cell ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Control Group ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Before And After ◽

Per Oral

Abstract Amikacin (AK) is frequently used in the treatment of gram-negative and some gram-positive infections. However, its use is limited due to nephrotoxicity due to the increase in reactive oxygen radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of carvacrol (CAR) against AK-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Thirty-two Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups as control (Vehicle), AK (400 mg/kg), CAR + AK (80 mg/kg CAR + 400 mg/kg AK), and AK + CAR (400 mg/kg AK + 80 mg/kg CAR) groups. AK and CAR were administered via intramuscular and per-oral for 7 days, respectively. Blood and kidney tissue samples were taken at the end of the experiment. Renal function and histopathological changes were compared, and the relevant parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation were detected. Histopathological findings (necrotic changes and dilatation and inflammatory cell infiltration) significantly increased in the AK group compared to the control group. Also, the rats in the AK group lost weight significantly. It was found that CAR treatment before and after AK significantly improved nephrotoxicity histopathologically (p < 0.05). However, this improvement was not detected biochemically. These results show that CAR treatment before and after AK improves nephrotoxicity in the histopathological level.

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MO005HIGH LEVELS OF FIVE SPECIFIC FECAL METABOLITES IN IGA NEPHROPATHY PATIENTS SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS OF THE INTESTINAL-RENAL AXIS CONNECTION

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa140.mo005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Claudia Curci ◽

Fabio Sallustio ◽

Nada Chaoul ◽

Angela Picerno ◽

Gabriella Lauriero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

B Cells ◽

Iga Nephropathy ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Intestinal Lumen ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Control Group ◽

Intestinal Immunity ◽

Adaptive Immune Cells

Abstract Background and Aims The IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most frequent primitive glomerulonephritis. In the last years, the role of mucosal immunity in IgAN, together with that of the gut microbiota in the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, has gained importance. Particularly interesting is the role of the microbiota and intestinal immunity in IgAN. BAFF and APRIL can be produced by the intestinal epithelium, in response to signals triggered by TLRs once activated by the commensal bacteria present in the intestinal lumen, representing the link between microbiota and intestinal immunity. To date, even if hypothesized, this relationship in IgAN patients has not been investigated. Here, we studied the intestinal-renal axis connections analyzing levels of BAFF, April and intestinal-activated B cells in IgAN patients. Method Serum and fecal samples were collected from 44 IgAN patients, 22 non-IgA glomerulonephritides (controls) and 22 healthy subjects (HS) with similar clinical features. BAFF and APRIL serum levels were measured by ELISA assay. Metabolomic analysis of fecal microbiome was performed using Biochrom 30 series amino acid analyzer and gas-chromatography mass spectrometry/solid-phase microextraction (GC-MS/SPME) analysis. B cell subsets were investigated by FACS. Results IgAN patients had increased serum levels of BAFF cytokine compared to the control group of patients with non-IgA glomerulonephritis and compared with HS (p<0.0001and p=0.012, respectively). We found that serum BAFF levels positively correlated with the levels of 24h-proteinuria in IgAN patients (r2 = 0.2269, p <0.001). We correlated serum BAFF levels with fecal concentration of 5 different metabolites of 30 IgAN patients, which were previously investigated for the fecal microbiota. These organic compounds had been found at significantly higher levels in the feces of IgAN patients compared to HS. Serum BAFF levels positively correlated with the levels of fecal metabolites: 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol (r2 = 0.2882, p = 0.0027), p-tert-butyl-phenol (r2 = 0.386, p = 0.0003), methyl neopentyl phthalic acid (r2 = 0.3491, p =0.0007), hexadecyl ester benzoic acid (r2 = 0.2832, p =0.003) and furanone A (r2 = 0.1743, p = 0.024). Serum levels of APRIL were significantly increased in IgAN patients respect to control groups (4.49 ± 0.54 vs 2.27 ± 1 ng/ml, p=0.0014). We found a correlation between APRIL and serum creatinine (r2 = 0.159, p =0.04) and eGFR (r2 = 0.2395, p =0.0082), while no correlation was found between APRIL and fecal metabolite levels in IgAN patients. In addition, we found that subjects with IgAN have a significantly higher proportion of circulating Bregs, Memory B cells and IgA secreting-plasmablasts activated at the intestinal level (CCR9+INTB7+) compared to HS. Conclusion The results of our study showed for the first time an important correlation of serum levels of BAFF with intestinal microbiota in patients with IgAN, confirming the hypothesis of the pathogenic role of intestinal mucosal hyperresponsiveness in the IgAN patients. The intestinal-renal axis plays a crucial role in Berger's glomerulonephritis, whose complex pathogenesis may contribute several factors as genetics, pathogens and food.

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Renal function in the laboratory rat: a student exercise.

AJP Advances in Physiology Education ◽

10.1152/advances.1995.268.6.s49 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 268 (6) ◽

pp. S49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R L Walker ◽

M E Olson

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Tap Water ◽

Extracellular Fluid ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Laboratory Rats ◽

Group A

Because of the increased concern over use of human body fluids in physiology teaching laboratories, we developed an exercise in renal function that utilizes laboratory rats. The purpose is to demonstrate the role of the kidneys in the homeostatic control of extracellular fluid volume, plasma ionic concentrations, and osmolarity. Three treatment groups are utilized: a volume-expanded (access to 1 g/100 ml sucrose) group, a volume-expanded and salt-loaded (access to 0.9 g/100 ml NaCl) group, and a volume-depleted (water-deprived) group. A normovolemic control group (access to tap water) is also included. Rats are housed individually in metabolic cages that allow accurate measurement of fluid intake and urine output. Blood samples are removed via cardiac puncture. The animals recover from this procedure and can be reutilized within 2-3 wk. When class data are pooled, clear trends are seen that demonstrate the volume-, osmo-, and ionoregulatory abilities of the kidneys.

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Determination of Mammalian Lignans in Biological Samples by Modified Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/90.3.641 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 641-646 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ajay Bommareddy ◽

Bhanu L Arasada ◽

Duane P Mathees ◽

Chandradhar Dwivedi

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Selected Ion Monitoring ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Flaxseed Meal

Abstract Lignans in flaxseed have been part of the human diet for centuries. In 1955, the isolation and structure of the lignan derivative secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) was reported. The biological role of SDG and mammalian lignan metabolites enterodiol and enterolactone was initially reported 20 years later. Experimental evidences showed the beneficial effects of lignans on breast, colon, and thyroid cancer. A modified gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) assay was developed for lignans in serum and colon samples of rats fed flaxseed meal. The method developed for the analysis of metabolites involves extraction and derivatization of samples and quantitative analysis by selected ion monitoring using GC/MS. The levels of lignan metabolites enterodiol and enterolactone were determined to be 0.013 and 0.23 M in serum samples and 0.008 and 1.63 M in colon samples.

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Evolution of extractive composition in thermally modified Scots pine during artificial weathering

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2018-0216 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (8) ◽

pp. 747-755 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Haiying Shen ◽

Jiaqi Xu ◽

Jinzhen Cao ◽

Jun Jiang ◽

Shaodi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Accelerated Weathering ◽

Artificial Weathering ◽

Thermally Modified Wood ◽

Modified Wood

AbstractIn order to clarify the evolution and role of extractives in thermally modified wood during the process of weathering, the compositions of acetone extractives from thermally modified Scots pine after exposure in an accelerated weathering tester for different durations were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fatty acids and phenolics were proved to be the main types of extractives in weathered thermally modified Scots pine, and some sugars, terpenes and alcohols were also collected. With the progress of weathering, the content of fatty acids decreases significantly while that of phenolics increases. The reduction or even elimination of the fatty acids is presumed to be a physical process, namely, a discharge from wood during exposure to radiation and elevated temperature. The increase of phenolic extractives is mainly due to the photodegradation of other wood components. Phenolic degradation products play the role as a “barrier” against further photodegradation of thermally modified wood, among which vanillin or its derivatives appeared to be the most predominant and important ones.

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Characterization of U-matic videotape deterioration by size exclusion chromatography and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the role of adipic acid

Journal of Cultural Heritage ◽

10.1016/j.culher.2008.04.010 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 183-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Benoît Thiébaut ◽

Léon-Bavi Vilmont ◽

Bertrand Lavédrine

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Adipic Acid ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Pyrolysis Gas ◽

Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography ◽

Exclusion Chromatography

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PROLACTIN IN MAINTENANCE OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM OF EARLY PSEUDOPREGNANCY IN THE GOLDEN HAMSTER

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0900145 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 145-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. H. HARRIS ◽

B. D. MURPHY

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Corpus Luteum ◽

Golden Hamster ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Progesterone Level ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Samples

The role of prolactin in the maintenance of the corpus luteum of pseudopregnancy was studied in the golden hamster. Nine groups of seven to fourteen animals each received 1 mg bromocriptine at 11.00 h on days 1, 2 or 3 of pseudopregnancy (three groups for each day). On each day of treatment with bromocriptine, one group of hamsters was injected with bovine prolactin 4 h before bromocriptine, and one group received prolactin 4 h before bromocriptine for three consecutive days following treatment with bromocriptine. One group received bromocriptine only. These nine groups were compared with a control group of animals given 0·85% saline instead of bromocriptine and prolactin. Peripheral blood samples were taken from all hamsters at 11.00 h on days 3, 4, 5 and 6 of pseudopregnancy and plasma levels of progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. Luteolysis, indicated by a decline in progesterone level by 24 or 48 h after treatment with bromocriptine, occurred in all hamsters given bromocriptine alone, whether it was administered on day 1, 2 or 3. Pretreatment with a single dose of prolactin did not mitigate the bromocriptine-induced fall in progesterone. In the majority of cases, pretreatment with prolactin plus daily doses of prolactin maintained the progesterone at levels not different from saline-treated hamsters. These data suggest that prolactin is a necessary luteotrophin during early pseudopregnancy without which luteolysis ensues.

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