Oil Storage and Transport Equipment, with Special Reference to the Application of Welding

Primarily owing to the special nature of the fluids handled in the oil industry, welding has thoroughly established itself, and is being increasingly employed in all phases of oil refining and handling. Various types of tanks, treatment vessels, and pipe lines of all-welded construction are now being used for the most searching fluids, with complete absence of the joint leakage which occurred with the older methods of construction. Welding methods also show substantial reductions in material and site costs. In order to indicate the very large number of examples of welded construction as applied to the storage and transport of oil, the subject is dealt with on the basis of a flow sheet which shows generally how an oil, found abroad and conveyed to this country for refining, is handled from the time it leaves the well until it is ready for the consumer. Reference is mostly made to commonly used liquid petroleum products such as motor spirit, lubricating oil, furnace, and Diesel oil. The handling of these products is described with reference to the methods employed by one or two well known concerns, but such methods are typical of those employed in other parts of the world.

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Economic aspects of the development of the world markets of petroleum products since the middle of the XX century

Russian Journal of Management ◽

10.29039/2409-6024-2021-9-3-21-25 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 21-25

Author(s):

Marina Shamsutdinova

Keyword(s):

Production Capacity ◽

Oil Industry ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Steady Increase ◽

Economic Aspects ◽

Oil Refineries ◽

World Markets ◽

The World ◽

Total Capacity

The study of the development of the world markets of petroleum products in the period from 1950 to 2021 allows us to conclude that up to 2014 there was a steady increase in the total capacity of the world oil industry . The increase in capacity occurred against the background of a quantitative decrease in oil refineries and an increase in their production capacity. The decrease in the number of small oil refining units was accompanied by an increase in the average capacity in the oil industry.

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From the history of the problem of oil transportation and storage. Contribution of Shukhov V.G.

10.33920/pro-2-2102-06 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 50-54

Author(s):

L. R. Yurenkova ◽

N. V. Bilash

Keyword(s):

Oil Industry ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Oil Pipeline ◽

Oil Storage ◽

Oil Transportation ◽

Oil Pipelines ◽

Steel Tanks ◽

Cylindrical Steel Tanks ◽

And Storage

A significant part of the oil consumed in the world is transported from production and processing sites to consumers via tankers and pipelines. According to experts' forecasts, the demand for oil and petroleum products in the coming years will be significantly higher than in 2020. In Russia, the oil transportation market is developing in several directions. The main directions are investing in pipeline transport and improving the design of tanks for storing oil and petroleum products. The article considers the contribution of the great Russian engineer V.G. Shukhov to the solution of the problem of oil transportation and storage and in general to the development of the oil industry. In the article "Oil Pipelines" (1884) and in the book "Pipelines and their application in the oil industry" (1894), V.G. Shukhov gave precise mathematical formulae for describing the processes of oil and fuel oil flowing through pipelines, creating a classical theory of oil pipelines. He is the author of the projects of the first Russian main pipelines: Baku-Batumi with a length of 883 km (1907) and Grozny-Tuapse with a length of 618 km (1928). Shukhov V.G. designed and then supervised the construction of oil pipelines of the companies "Branobel", "G.M. Lianozova and sons" and the world's first heated fuel oil pipeline. Working in the oil fields in Baku, Shukhov V.G. developed the basics of lifting and pumping oil products, proposed a method of lifting oil using compressed air — airlift, developed a calculation method and technology for the construction of cylindrical steel tanks for oil storage facilities.

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THE AUSTRALIAN OIL REFINING INDUSTRY OUTLOOK

The APPEA Journal ◽

10.1071/aj75017 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

F. P. Newman

Keyword(s):

Capital Investment ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Oil Industry ◽

Cash Flows ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

International Standards ◽

Refining Industry ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Wide Range ◽

Refinery Plant

The Australian refining industry began with the establishment of two small refineries in the mid-1920s. However, it was not until the mid-1950s, after the construction of four large new refineries, that this industry emerged as an important factor in meeting the domestic demand for petroleum products. The refining companies are now able to meet about 90% of Australia's demand for refined petroleum products. This efficient industry provides a wide range of products of varying quality specifications.Existing and probable new government regulations relating to lead in motor spirit and to the level of emissions from refinery plant will necessitate a high level of investment in refinery plant. In the near future, our crude supply pattern is likely to become more dependent on Middle Eastern sources whilst the domestic market for refined products is trending towards a whiter barrel. Major capital investment in refinery plant will be required to adjust to these influences.A major problem facing the Australian oil industry is its recent low profitability. Reduced cash flows constrain the ability of the refining industry to undertake new investment.Actions by the OPEC countries have reduced the degree of vertical integration in the international oil industry and thereby reduced the profit earned on the extraction and sale of crude. Therefore the ability and the need for the major companies to support downstream operations as an aid to the sale of crude has also been reduced. The Australian oil refining and distribution industry must compete for investment funds with other companies in the international oil industry. Its current low return on funds and its debt gearing, already comparatively high by international standards, means that profitability must be restored before substantial new investment can be prudently undertaken.

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التطورات العالمية في صناعة تصفية النفط مع التركيز على تجربة السعودية والصين

Iraqi Journal of Economic Sciences ◽

10.31272/ijes2021.69.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (69) ◽

pp. 131-163

Author(s):

دانية اياد محمد جاسم ◽

أ. د . فلاح خلف علي الربيعي

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

International Standards ◽

Refining Industry ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Operational Performance ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Hydrogen Treatment ◽

Oil Refineries ◽

The World

Global developments in the oil refining industry are related to the ability of the producing countries to raise the level of operational performance of the refineries by increasing the filtering capacities, raising the percentage of hydrogen treatment process capacity and raising the ratio of operations to improve the octane number to the distillation capacity, to diversify production with a variety of goods with high added value, and reach the level Productivity, which meets global environmental standards and enhances its competitiveness in global markets. Achieving this goal collides with a number of environmental, economic and technological difficulties and constraints. In order to discuss these topics, the research was divided into six axes, the first focused on introducing the oil industry and petroleum products. As for the second axis, it dealt with the importance of the oil refining industry, and the third dealt with developments in the oil refining industry in the world, the fourth discussed the operational performance of oil refineries in the world, the fifth reviewed the experience of Saudi Arabia, and the sixth discussed briefly the Chinese experience in the field of the refining industry. The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that there is a geographical shift in the global oil refining industry in favor of the Asia-Pacific region, and that the total filtering capacity will increase by about 7.8 million b / d during the period 2018-2023, and most of this increase will come from the Asia-Pacific and the Middle East regions, Especially in countries that produce points such as Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Iran, The research recommended the necessity of dealing with the refining industry as a strategic industry, by adopting strategies aimed at producing and exporting high-quality petroleum products that are compatible with international standards.

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONS IN THE FIELD OF EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBON RAW MATERIALS IN NOVOSIBIRSK REGION

Interexpo GEO-Siberia ◽

10.33764/2618-981x-2019-2-5-176-183 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 176-183

Author(s):

Irina Provornaya

Keyword(s):

New Technologies ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Oil Industry ◽

Economic Indicator ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Oil Companies ◽

Novosibirsk Region ◽

Regional Budget ◽

Regional Product

Based on the multivariate spatial model, the paper shows the relationship between the factors of the oil industry (oil production, oil refining, consumption of basic petroleum products) and the main economic indicator (gross regional product) of the Novosibirsk region. It is revealed that with the increase in the capacity of the MIC-oil and subject to further exploration of oil fields with the use of new technologies, revenues to the regional budget from oil companies in the region can be about 5 %. The measures aimed at increasing the level of social responsibility and improving the quality of the environment at the enterprises of the oil industry of the Novosibirsk region are defined.

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Tax maneuver in the oil industry: Provisional results and risks for further implementation

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2020-10-28-43 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 28-43

Author(s):

A. S. Kaukin ◽

E. М. Miller

Keyword(s):

Oil Industry ◽

Oil Products ◽

Oil Refining ◽

State Budget ◽

Tax Rate ◽

Oil Companies ◽

Reform Plan ◽

Alternative Variant ◽

Calculation Results ◽

The Cost

The paper analyzes the consequences of the abolition of the export duty on oil and oil products as a necessary step to stimulate energy efficiency of Russia’s economy and eliminate underdevelopment provoked by a long-term subsidizing of inefficient oil refining sector in Russia. The calculation results have shown that even taking into account several deviations from the planned scenarios of changing the parameters of tax regulation of the oil industry in 2014— 2019, the tax maneuver brought over 3.5 trillion rubles (in 2019 — 148 billion rubles) to the state budget in 2014—2017, mainly due to an increase in the base mineral extraction tax rate, and contributed to an increase in the depth of oil refining from 72% to 85%. In addition, the article analyzes possible risks associated with the current plan for reforming the taxation of the industry until 2024 and proposes an alternative that could level some of them. A comparative analysis of the effects of the tax maneuver under the current reform plan and the alternative variant suggests that the latter will allow to achieve a greater total budgetary effect in four years, reduce the cost of subsidizing domestic oil refining, increase the efficiency of Russian vertically integrated oil companies, and reduce the growth rate of oil products prices in the retail market.

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Alignment

EDUCATION SCIENCES AND SOCIETY ◽

10.3280/ess2-2016oa4006 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 33-50

Author(s):

Pier Giuseppe Rossi

Keyword(s):

Teaching And Learning ◽

Enactive Approach ◽

The World ◽

Strategic Role ◽

Education Today ◽

Current Context ◽

The Subject

The subject of alignment is not new to the world of education. Today however, it has come to mean different things and to have a heuristic value in education according to research in different areas, not least for neuroscience, and to attention to skills and to the alternation framework.This paper, after looking at the classic references that already attributed an important role to alignment in education processes, looks at the strategic role of alignment in the current context, outlining the shared construction processes and focusing on some of the ways in which this is put into effect.Alignment is part of a participatory, enactive approach that gives a central role to the interaction between teaching and learning, avoiding the limits of behaviourism, which has a greater bias towards teaching, and cognitivism/constructivism, which focus their attention on learning and in any case, on that which separates a teacher preparing the environment and a student working in it.

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Jalan Kesempurnaan Menurut Jamaah Insan Al-Kamil di Cijati Desa Cikareo Selatan Sumedang

Khazanah Theologia ◽

10.15575/kt.v2i1.7936 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 23-37

Author(s):

Syarifudin Syarifudin

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Method ◽

Human Beings ◽

The Core ◽

The World ◽

The Subject ◽

Religious Sect ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

Each religious sect has its own characteristics, whether fundamental, radical, or religious. One of them is Insan Al-Kamil Congregation, which is in Cijati, South Cikareo Village, Wado District, Sumedang Regency. This congregation is Sufism with the concept of self-purification as the subject of its teachings. So, the purpose of this study is to reveal how the origin of Insan Al-Kamil Congregation, the concept of its purification, and the procedures of achieving its purification. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a normative theological approach as the blade of analysis. In addition, the data generated is the result of observation, interviews, and document studies. From the collected data, Jamaah Insan Al-Kamil adheres to the core teachings of Islam and is the tenth regeneration of Islam Teachings, which refers to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. According to this congregation, self-perfection becomes an obligation that must be achieved by human beings in order to remember Allah when life is done. The process of self-purification is done when human beings still live in the world by knowing His God. Therefore, the peak of self-purification is called Insan Kamil.

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FAMILY TRADITIONS: REFLECTION OF SOME FAMILY TRADITIONS IN THE LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD (ON THE BASIS OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK PROVERBS AND IDIOMS)

International journal of word art ◽

10.26739/2181-9297-2020-1-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

Feruza Mamatova ◽

Keyword(s):

Cross Cultural ◽

Cultural Communication ◽

Cross Cultural Communication ◽

The World ◽

Marriage Partner ◽

The Status ◽

The Subject

The present paper aims to compare the principles of choosing a marriage partner and analyse the status of being in the marrriage in the frame of family traditions that are totally inherent to the both of the nations: English and Uzbek. It is known that interconnection and cross-cultural communication between the countries of these two nationalities have been recently developed. The purpose to give an idea about these types of family traditions and prevent any misunderstanding that might occur in the communications makes our investigation topical one. The research used phraseological units as an object and the marriage aspects as the subject

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L'anglicisme dans la langue française

Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities ◽

10.29037/digitalpress.43286 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 00013

Author(s):

Danny Susanto

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Oil Industry ◽

English Word ◽

Public Institutions ◽

Font Size ◽

The World ◽

French Speaking ◽

The Difference ◽

Definition Of ◽

Bibliographic Study

The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon known as “anglicism”: a loan made to the English language by another language. Anglicism arose either from the adoption of an English word as a result of a translation defect despite the existence of an equivalent term in the language of the speaker, or from a wrong translation, as a word-by-word translation. Said phenomenon is very common nowadays and most languages of the world including making use of some linguistic concepts such as anglicism, neologism, syntax, morphology etc, this article addresses various aspects related to Anglicisms in French through a bibliographic study: the definition of Anglicism, the origin of Anglicisms in French and the current situation, the areas most affected by Anglicism, the different categories of Anglicism, the difference between French Anglicism in France and French-speaking Canada, the attitude of French-speaking society towards to the Anglicisms and their efforts to stop this phenomenon. The study shows that the areas affected are, among others, trade, travel, parliamentary and judicial institutions, sports, rail, industrial production and most recently film, industrial production, sport, oil industry, information technology, science and technology. Various initiatives have been implemented either by public institutions or by individuals who share concerns about the increasingly felt threat of the omnipresence of Anglicism in everyday life.

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