The effects of different rack systems on the breeding performance of DBA/2 mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-P. Tsai ◽  
D. Oppermann ◽  
H. D. Stelzer ◽  
M. Mähler ◽  
H. Hackbarth
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
The Impact

Housing systems for laboratory animals have been developed over a long time. Micro-environmental systems such as positive, individually ventilated caging systems and forced-air-ventilated systems are increasingly used by many researchers to reduce cross contamination between cages. There have been many investigations of the impact of these systems on the health of animals, the light intensity, the relative humidity and temperature of cages, the concentration of ammonia and CO2, and other factors in the cages. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of different rack systems and to understand the influence of environmental enrichment on the breeding performance of mice. Sixty DBA/2 breeding pairs were used for this experiment. Animals were kept in three rack systems: a ventilated cabinet, a normal open rack and an individually ventilated cage rack (IVC rack) with enriched or non-enriched type II elongated Makrolon cages. Reproduction performance was recorded from 10 to 40 weeks of age. In all three rack systems there was a similar breeding index (pups/dam/week) in non-enriched groups during the long-term breeding period, but the coefficients of variation in the IVC rack were higher for most parameters. This type of enrichment seems to lead to a decrease in the number of pups born, especially in the IVC group. However, there was no significant difference in breeding index (young weaned/female/week).

scholarly journals The importance of a realistically determined amount of tax on property rights relating to the ownership of agricultural land in the Republic of Serbia adopted by tax authorities of local self-government units

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029-1042
Author(s):  
Slobodan Popović ◽  
Jelena Vitomir ◽  
Sonja Tomaš-Miskin ◽  
Tatjana Davidov ◽  
Sanda Nastić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
The Impact

It has been argued for a long time in academic papers which corporate governance factors have a significant impact on gains of a great number of businessmen. However, such studies rarely examine the impact taxation issues on agriculture. This paper differs from other published papers because its focus is tax on agricultural land in an economy in transition. The primary aim of the authors was to find rules in taxpayers' conduct after being served tax decisions issued by local tax authorities with the assessed tax. The following aim was to find out how tax authorities respond to receiving complaints on the assessed tax lodged by the affected tax payers. The conclusions are as follows: first, there is a difference in tax amounts assessed by local tax authorities relating to property rights of taxpayers resulting from their ownership of agricultural land: second, there is a significant difference in tax amounts assessed following the complaints lodged by taxpayers in all four categories of tax rates set by tax authorities for the four respective zones.

scholarly journals Environmental enrichment for laboratory animals in practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
N. KOSTOMITSOPOULOS (Ν. ΚΩΣΤΟΜΗΤΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Impact

During the last decades there has been an increased scientific interest in the improvement of housing conditions for laboratory animals by providing them with opportunities to perform more species - specific behavioural repertoires through enriching their environment. Environmental enrichment is, by definition, any modification in the environment of the captive animals that seeks to enhance their physical and physiological wellbeing by providing stimuli that meet the animals' species-specific needs. An enrichment scheme can be focused on the social and the physical environment. The social environment of animals can be enriched by housing them together with conspecifics in pairs or in groups. Procedures to achieve group formation need careful introduction of individuals which are compatible, a factor which is strongly dependent upon age, sex and hierarchical rank. Social housing will be beneficial only if the pairs or groups are harmonious and stable. The close contact with humans could be also considered as social improvement. Strategies to improve physical environment of laboratory animals should include provision of stimuli (materials or devices) that are biologically meaningful to them, with which they can choose to interact or not and which are not harmful to them. In practice, any enrichment scheme should be well designed before its implementation. In depth knowledge of the behavioural needs of the animals is prerequisite. Close collaboration between the scientific and the technical personnel is also necessary. Environmental changes need to be carefully evaluated in order to establish whether the improvement of animal welfare has been really achieved and to determine the impact on the obtained experimental results. The assessment of improved well-being as a result of environmental changes is based on a complex of behavioural and physiological parameters.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review: The Impact of Housing Systems and Environmental Features on Beef Cattle Welfare

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Park ◽  
Margaret Foster ◽  
Courtney L. Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Housing systems and environmental features can influence beef cattle welfare. To date, little information has been synthesized on this topic. The aim of this scoping review was to examine the relationship between housing and welfare status, so that beef cattle producers and animal scientists can make informed decisions regarding how their housing choices could impact beef cattle welfare. Housing features were categorized by floor type, space allowance and shade availability, as well as the inclusion of enrichment devices or ventilation features. Evaluation of space allowances across feedlot environments determined behavioral and production benefits when cattle were housed between 2.5 m2 to 3.0 m2 per animal. Over 19 different flooring types were investigated and across flooring types; straw flooring was viewed most favorably from a behavioral, production and hygiene standpoint. Veal calves experience enhanced welfare (e.g., improved behavioral, physiological, and performance metrics) when group housed. There is evidence that the implementation of progressive housing modifications (e.g., shade, environmental enrichment) could promote the behavioral welfare of feedlot cattle. This review presents the advantages and disadvantages of specific housing features on the welfare of beef cattle.

Effect of Minimum Airflow Setting of VAV Unit on Building Energy Consumption under Korean Climatic Condition

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 1435-1439
Author(s):  
Kwang Ho Lee ◽  
Kyung Il Chin ◽  
Jong Ho Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Variable Air Volume ◽  
Unit System ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
The Impact

Variable Air Volume (VAV) unit system is one of the commonly used forced-air heating and cooling systems in office buildings. It controls the airflow with the discharge air temperature fixed for cooling, while the discharge air temperature is adjusted with the airflow fixed at the minimum for heating. This study presents the simulation of conventional VAV unit system performance applied in the typical office building prototype. Each VAV unit has the minimum airflow setting for the ventilation purpose and its impact on the energy consumption is significant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the energy impact of the minimum airflow setting of VAV box using EnergyPlus ver. 6.0 software platform. The energy result breakdown of three model cases is discussed: minimum airflow fraction setting of 10%, 20% and 30%. As a result, the minimum airflow setting has significant impact on the reheat energy and thus the annual boiler gas consumption shows significant difference among each simulation case. Monthly heating energy profile is also discussed for the better understanding of the impact of different minimum fractions on the heating energy.

scholarly journals Welfare Aspects of Raising Entire Male Pigs and Immunocastrates

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2140
Author(s):  
Eberhard Borell ◽  
Michel Bonneau ◽  
Mirjam Holinger ◽  
Armelle Prunier ◽  
Volker Stefanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Group Stability ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Entire Male

For a long time, scientists assumed that newborns have a severely limited sense of pain (if any). However, this assumption is wrong and led to a “start of the exit” from piglet surgical castration. Some of the currently discussed or already implemented alternatives such as general or local anaesthesia during surgical castration raise additional welfare concerns as well as legal problems and/or are hardly applicable. The favoured long-term, welfare-friendly “gold standard” is to raise entire male pigs (EM). However, this may also impose certain welfare problems under the current conventional housing and management conditions. The specific types of behaviour displayed by EM such as mounting and aggressive behaviours but also increased exploration, which are partially linked to sexual maturation, increase the risk for injuries. The current status of knowledge (scientific literature and farmer experiences) on housing of EM suggests that environmental enrichment, space, group-stability, social constellation, feeding (diet and feeder space), health and climate control are critical factors to be considered for future housing systems. From an animal welfare point of view, an intermediate variant to be favoured to reduce problematic behaviour could be to slaughter EM before reaching puberty or to immunize boars early on to suppress testicular function. Immunization against endogenous GnRH can reduce EM-specific problems after the 2nd vaccination.

CONCEPTUALIZATION OF SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN POLITICAL STUDIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
N. Romanova ◽  
◽  
S. Kononov ◽  
M. Shevchenko ◽  
Yu. Shevchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Model Formation ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to an attempt to analyze and compare the concepts of social security of the regions of the Russian Federation, including the concept of “unity” and the concept of “regionality”. The authors of the article seek to resolve the contradiction between these concepts using the simulation of social security of the Russian Federation on the basis of the complementary principle and synthesis of the concepts of “unity” and “regionality”. The result of the article is the a dynamic model formation of social security of Russian regions, under which the process of continuous designing of regulatory and value ideas, instilled in the regional community, through the impact of its society surrounding it, as well as social agreements aimed at achieving conjunction within the social framework of Russian regions. The second result is to determine the social security of Russian regions, as a process in which, depending on the situational influence of objective and subjective factors, or centrifugal or regional trends are dominated.The third result is the statement of the fact that, for a long time, despite the significant difference in the civilization nature of the regions, the Russian social framework maintains integrity, which indicates the predominance of unifying trends and the absence of the desire among Russian regions to the exit from the All-Russian social space

scholarly journals Influence of environmental enrichment on the rehabilitation of white-eyed parakeet (Psittacara leucophthalmus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. e74101724284
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cortellini Ferreira Ramos ◽  
Sérgio Diniz Garcia ◽  
Matheus Janeck Araújo ◽  
Márcia Marinho
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
State University ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Test For Normality

The use of sensory, physical, cognitive, and alimentary stimuli are varieties of environmental enrichment used to minimize stress caused by the monotonous captive environment. The objective of this study was to verify the impact of environmental enrichment in escape-related behavioral stereotypies. Thirty birds of the species Psittacara leucophthalmus were observed from March to September 2016, received at the Wild Animal Recovery and Screening Center of the São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of the Veterinary Medicine campus Araçatuba. The methodology used for the behavioral observations was the focal animal with observation through filming were made by 18 hours per bird for three consecutive days, while physical, cognitive, food, and sensory enrichment methods were applied, and the assessment was carried out before, during, and after the application of environmental enrichment. The data were analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and by the Friedman test, which showed no significant difference (p >0.05) before, during, and after environmental enrichment. Despite the statistical analyses, the perception of the bird’s welfare improving was visually clear.

scholarly journals KORUPSI: SUATU KAJIAN ANALISIS DI NEGARA MAJU DAN NEGARA BERKEMBANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeni Sri Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

This article analyzes the history and development of corruption in some countries, where corrupt practices are not a new problem but it has long been emerging and eternal to this day. The practice of corruption is a crucial issue for the development of a nation state, especially affecting the welfare of citizens in obtaining their rights in a prosperous and prosperous state life. This study is a reference to the increasing complexity of corrupt practices in various societies and sectors of society. Therefore, the discussion in this article examines how corruption is in developing countries and developed countries. This study found that corruption is a classic phenomenon that has occurred since a long time, starting from the period before the development of the modern world that is in the kingdom period in developing countries and in times of war in Western countries. The form of corruption practices is inseparable from human behavior that always feel dissatisfied with what they have. At the end of the study, this article explains that there is a very significant difference to corrupt practices in developing countries with developed countries, especially from the perspective of society and how to overcome corruption practices in both countries, it also explains the impact that arises in both countries corrupt practices.  Keywords : Corruption, Third Country, and First Country

Measuring Impact of Stress in Sandwich Generation Caring for Demented Parents

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence M. Solberg ◽  
Lauren B. Solberg ◽  
Emily N. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sandwich Generation ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Caregivers ◽  
The Impact

Stress in caregivers may affect the healthcare recipients receive. We examined the impact of stress experienced by 45 adult caregivers of their elderly demented parents. The participants completed a 32-item questionnaire about the impact of experienced stress. The questionnaire also asked about interventions that might help to reduce the impact of stress. After exploratory factor analysis, we reduced the 32-item questionnaire to 13 items. Results indicated that caregivers experienced stress, anxiety, and sadness. Also, emotional, but not financial or professional, well-being was significantly impacted. There was no significant difference between the impact of caregiver stress on members from the sandwich generation and those from the nonsandwich generation. Meeting with a social worker for resource availability was identified most frequently as a potentially helpful intervention for coping with the impact of stress.

Implicit and explicit corrective feedback and feedback exposure conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-48
Author(s):  
Takehiro Iizuka ◽  
Kimi Nakatsukasa
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Corrective Feedback ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Picture Description ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Instructional Settings ◽  
The Impact

This exploratory study examined the impact of implicit and explicit oral corrective feedback (CF) on the development of implicit and explicit knowledge of Japanese locative particles (activity de, movement ni and location ni) for those who directly received CF and those who observed CF in the classroom. Thirty-six college students in a beginning Japanese language course received either recast (implicit), metalinguistic (explicit) or no feedback during an information-gap picture description activity, and completed a timed picture description test (implicit knowledge) and an untimed grammaticality judgement test (explicit knowledge) in a pre-test, immediate post-test and delayed post-test. The results showed that overall there was no significant difference between CF types, and that CF benefited direct and indirect recipients similarly. Potential factors that might influence the effectiveness of CF, such as instructional settings, complexity of target structures and pedagogy styles, are discussed.

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