scholarly journals The inclusion of ground hay, straw and paper in the diets fed to growing rabbits

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. L. King
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fibrous Material ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Basal Ration

In 3 experiments growing rabbits were divided into 2 groups. In each case half received a basal ration while the other half was given this ration supplemented with a ground fibrous material: 20% hay, 10% straw or 10% paper. All the diets were fed in pelleted form. In all the experiments the rabbits fed on the diets containing the added fibrous materials gained in weight slightly more rapidly and had slightly higher food conversion ratios than did those on the control diet, but the differences in the means were not significant. A study of the small intestine and caecum weights expressed as percentages of body weight and as the weights of 1-cm lengths showed that the added fibrous materials increased these weights except in 1 instance where the results were the same. Significant changes were recorded in the case of hay in both the percentage weight and the weight of 1-cm lengths of caecum and in the straw experiment in the weight of 1-cm lengths of small intestine. There were no significant changes in the results from the paper-fed rabbits.

scholarly journals Populasi Bakteri Usus Halus dan Performan Ayam Kampung Silangan Kampung-Leghorn Akibat Ditambahkan Ekstrak Umbi Dahlia dalam Ransum

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Lilik Krismiyanto ◽  
Nyoman Suthama ◽  
Hanny Indrat Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Tuber Extract

ABSTRACT. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji perkembangan bakteri usus halus dan performan ayam kampung silangan kampung-leghorn (KL) akibat ditambahkan ekstrak umbi dahlia dalam ransum. Ternak percobaan yang digunakan adalah persilangan ayam kampung silangan KL sebanyak 200 ekor umur 22 hari dengan rata-rata bobot badan 180,46 ± 1,21 g. Bahan perlakuan meliputi umbi dahlia, ethanol 70%, kertas saring halus serta bahan pakan penyusun ransum (jagung giling, bekatul, bungkil kedelai, tepung ikan, CaCO3 dan mineral dan vitamin mix). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan (masing-masing unit percobaan diisi 10 ekor). Perlakuan yang diterapkan meliputi: P0=Ransum kontrol/RK, P1=RK+0,39% ekstrak umbi dahlia, P2=RK+0,78 ekstrak umbi dahlia, dan P3= RK+1,17 ekstrak umbi dahlia. Parameter yang diukur meliputi populasi bakteri asam laktat, Escherichia coli, pH digesta tiap masing-masing segmen usus halus dan pertambahan bobot badan harian (PBBH). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji sidik ragam dan jika berpengaruh nyata dilakukan uji beda nyata Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak umbi dahlia berpengaruh nyata terhadap populasi bakteri asam laktat, Escherichia coli, pH digesta tiap masing-masing segmen usus halus dan PBBH. Kesimpulan adalah penambahan ekstrak umbi dahlia sampai taraf 1,17% sebagai sumber inulin di dalam ransum dapat meningkatkan populasi bakteri asam laktat, menurunkan pH dan Escherichia coli pada masing-masing segmen usus halus serta memperlambat laju digesta dan meningkatkan PBBH.  (Population of small intestine bacteria and performance of native chicken-leghorn crossbreed duo to feeding of dahlia tuber extract) ABSTRAK. This study aims to examine the development of small intestine bacteria and the performances of native chicken-leghorn crossbreed due to the addition of dahlia tuber extract in the diet. Experimental animals were 200 unsex native chicken-leghorn crossbreed, 22 days old with an average body weight of 180.46 ± 1.21 g. Treatment materials include dahlia tuber, ethanol 70%, fine filter paper and feed stuff (yellow corn, rice bran, soy bean meal, fish meal, CaCO3, and vitamin-mineral mix). The present experiment was assigned in a completely randomized with 4 treatments and 5 replications (10 birds each). The treatments were: P0=Control Diet/CD, P1=CD+0,39% dahlia tuber extract, P2=CD+0,78% dahlia tuber extract and P3=CD+1,17% dahlia tuber extract. Parameters measured were the number of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Escherichia coli, intestinal potential hydrogen (pH) (duodenal, jejunal and ileal), rate of passage and daily body weight gain (DBWG). Data were subjected to ANOVA and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test on 5% level. The results indicated that feeding native chicken-leghorn crossbreed with the diet containing dahlia tuber extract (DTE) significantly (P0.05) increased LAB population and DBWG, decreased E. coli population and intestinal pH, and slow the rate of passage down. In conclusion, feeding of dahlia tubers as a source of inulin in the form of dahlia tuber extract to a level of 1.17% increased the population of lactic acid bacteria, reduced pH and Escherichia coli in each segment of the small intestine and retard the rate of digestion and increased body weight gain.

The efficacy of dietary avoparcin for improving the performance of growing-finishing beef cattle

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Cuthbert ◽  
W. S. Thickett ◽  
H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTThe response to avoparcin in cattle diets was examined in two trials. In trial 1 compound diets containing 0, 15, 30 or 60 mg/kg avoparcin were given to 32 British Friesian bulls from 231 kg body weight to slaughter at a mean body weight of 422 kg. In trial 2 diets containing 0, 15, 30 or 45 mg/kg avoparcin and composed of equal portions of dry matter (DM) from grass silage and compound food were given to 64 British Friesian steers over a 12-week period from 258 kg body weight to 340 kg body weight.There was a significant growth response of 120 g per head daily in trial 1 and 80 g per head daily in trial 2 to inclusion of 15 mg/kg avoparcin in the diet compared to the control diet without avoparcin. Food conversion efficiency of diets with 15 mg/kg avoparcin was improved by a reduction of 0·52 and 0·61 kg DM per kg live-weight gain respectively in the two trials. There was no further growth response or improvement in food conversion with higher levels of avoparcin with the diets used, the type of cattle employed and the management which applied in these trials. These findings are in good agreement with those previously published.

scholarly journals Actions of Probiotics on Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiko Shiina ◽  
Takeshi Shima ◽  
Kiyotada Naitou ◽  
Hiroyuki Nakamori ◽  
Yuuki Sano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Group A ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Colitis Model

We investigated the actions of probiotics,Streptococcus faecalis129 BIO 3B (SF3B), in a trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid- (TNBS-) induced colitis model in rats. After TNBS was administered into the colons of rats for induction of colitis, the rats were divided into two groups: one group was given a control diet and the other group was given a diet containing SF3B for 14 days. There were no apparent differences in body weight, diarrhea period, macroscopic colitis score, and colonic weight/length ratio between the control group and SF3B group, suggesting that induction of colitis was not prevented by SF3B. Next, we investigated whether SF3B-containing diet intake affects the restoration of enteric neurotransmissions being damaged during induction of colitis by TNBS using isolated colonic preparations. Recovery of the nitrergic component was greater in the SF3B group than in the control group. A compensatory appearance of nontachykininergic and noncholinergic excitatory components was less in the SF3B group than in the control group. In conclusion, the present study suggests that SF3B-containing diet intake can partially prevent disruptions of enteric neurotransmissions induced after onset of TNBS-induced colitis, suggesting that SF3B has therapeutic potential.

High level cereal diets for the growing/finishing pig: III. A comparison with a control diet of diets containing high levels of maize, flaked maize, sorghum, wheat and barley

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Finisher Diets

SUMMARYIn a randomized block experiment, seventy-two Large White type weaner pigs (thirty-six hogs and thirty-six gilts) were individually and restrictedly fed to 200 lb live weight six diets (as wet mashes). Five of these diets contained high levels (85 % in the starter diets and 90 % in the finisher diets) of either maize, flaked maize, sorghum, wheat or barley. The sixth diet, which acted as the control diet for the experiment, was similar to the barley diet except that 25 % of weatings replaced a similar percentage of barley. A further three groups of six litter-mate hog pigs per group were used to measure the digestibility of these diets.For the starter diets the maize diet had the highest digestible energy content, for the finisher diets the highest values were for the wheat and sorghum diets which in turn were similar to each other. The digestible energy content of the flaked maize diet was higher than the contents of the barley and control diets but lower than the contents determined for the other three diets.Three of the pigs fed the sorghum diet developed leg weaknesses and this affected growth rate and food conversion efficiency. The symptoms suggested a pantothenic acid deficiency but the results of assays carried out on all the diets indicated that the condition was not necessarily due to a deficiency of this vitamin. Growth rates in the starter period (up to 115 lb) did not differ significantly between diets but food conversion for the maize and barley diets was significantly superior to that for the wheat and sorghum diets. In the finisher period growth rate and food conversion efficiency for the maize and wheat diets was significantly superior compared with that for the other four diets. Overall, from start to slaughter, the maize diet was significantly superior to the flaked maize, sorghum and control diets in both these parameters of performance. The energetic efficiencies of growth tended to be poorer for those diets with the better food conversion ratios, the best efficiency being for the control diet.Carcass length differences were not significant but backfat thickness and eye muscle area differences followed closely the pattern found for lean and fat content of the carcass. In this context the highest percentages of lean were found first in the control and, secondly, in the barley treatment carcasses. Some differences were found in the development of anatomical regions and tissues within these regions. In particular, and relative to the five other diets, there were in the control diet carcasses (1) higher percentages formed by the leg and shoulder and (2) a higher percentage of lean in the middle.

Dietary carbohydrates with different rates of fermentation affect fermentation end-product profiles in different sites of gastro-intestinal tract of weaning piglet

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Awati ◽  
B. A. Williams ◽  
M.W. Bosch ◽  
M.W.A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Food Conversion Ratio ◽  
End Products ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

AbstractAnin vivoexperiment was conducted to examine changes in fermentation end-products in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of weaning piglets by the inclusion of fermentable carbohydrates in the diet. The experiment was repeated in three replicates of 36 piglets. Piglets were raised free of antibiotics and creep feeding prior to weaning at 4 weeks of age. Each replicate was conducted over a period of 10 days. The piglets were offered one of two dietary treatments: control diet (CON), and fermentable carbohydrate enriched diet (CHO); and were subjected to one of the two fasting treatments (i) fasting for 2 days in the beginning of the experimental period and (ii) non-fasting. Piglets were slaughtered on the 1st, 4th and 10th day of each period. Digesta samples were collected from: first half of small intestine, second half of small intestine, caecum, and colon. The dry matter, volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile, and ammonia concentrations were analysed. Food intake, growth and food conversion ratio were also recorded. There were no differences in production performances such as growth and food conversion ratio (FCR) between the treatment groups. Concentrations of VFA were significantly higher, while ammonia concentration was significantly lower in the CHO group compared to the CON group in different fermentation sites within the GIT (P<0·001), and on different slaughtering days (P<0·05). Fasting had no effect on fermentation end-products. This study concludes that the addition of fermentable carbohydrates of varying fermentabilities stimulated carbohydrate fermentation, with reduction in protein fermentation along the different parts of GIT studied, in weaning piglets.

Release of C14-Histamine From Stomach and Intestine on Feeding

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Schayer ◽  
A. C. Ivy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glandular Stomach ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Entire Small Intestine

Twenty-four male rats were divided into two groups of equal body weight. Food was withdrawn for approximately 16 hours when a subcutaneous injection of C14-2-l-histidine was made. Forty-eight hours after the withdrawal of food one group was fed for 24 hours and decapitated, the other group was fasted for the entire 72 hours and decapitated. The C14-histamine in the entire glandular stomach and the entire small intestine was decreased by feeding to the extent of 52% and 30%, respectively. Although some loss may have occurred as a result of desquamation, it is concluded that most of the loss of C14 histamine from the stomach and intestinal mucosa on feeding was due to its release into the blood stream.

Effects of Feeding Diets Containing Lactose, Agar, Cellulose, Raw Potato Starch or Arabinose on the Dry Weights of Cleaned Gastrointestinal Tract Organs in the Rat

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie E. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Wood Cellulose ◽  
Fecal Pellets ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Stomach Weight ◽  
Feeding Diets

Purified diets containing 25% lactose, agar, wood cellulose or raw potato starch, or 10% arabinose were compared with a control diet containing cornstarch as the only carbohydrate for effects upon dry weights of cleaned gastrointestinal organs in rats. Many effects of diets upon absolute organ weights and upon organ weights relative to body weight were found. When the lactose diet was fed for 1 week from weaning, the relative small intestine weight and the absolute and relative weights of both the cecum and the colon plus rectum were increased over the controls. When all of the diets were fed for 4–5 weeks, organ weights were increased by diets as follows: relative stomach weight by agar and cellulose, absolute and relative small intestine weights by lactose, relative small intestine weight by arabinose, absolute and relative cecum weights by all experimental diets except cellulose, and absolute and relative colon plus rectum weights by all five experimental diets. Thus, stomach growth is affected by diet little or not at all, while intestine growth is differently affected in its different regions by various diets. Increases in dry weights or numbers of fecal pellets were not at all related to increases in small intestine or cecum weight, and were not well related to increases in colon plus rectum weight. Using these facts and knowledge of certain properties of the various substances, certain ideas as to modes of action of diets in producing the observed changes were excluded.

scholarly journals Effect of a low-energy and enzyme-supplemented diet on broiler chicken growth, carcass traits and meat quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed O. S. Hussein ◽  
Gamaleldin M. Suliman ◽  
Alaeldein M. Abudabos ◽  
Abdullah N. Alowaimer ◽  
Shamseldein H. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a low metabolizable energy (low-ME) diet supplemented with a multienzyme blend (KEMZYME®) on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of chickens. A total of 108 broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to three experimental groups with six replicates per treatment and five birds per replicate; the groups were treated as follows: a control diet with no additive and standard metabolizable energy (ME; 3200 kcal kg−1); a low metabolizable energy (low-ME; 3000 kcal kg−1) diet; and a low-ME diet + 0.5 g kg−1 diet of enzyme (low-ME–Enz). Live body weight (LBW) at 43 and 47 d and body weight gain (BWG) during the periods from 38 to 43, 43 to 47 and 33 to 47 d decreased with the low-ME and low-ME–Enz diets in comparison with the control-diet (p<0.05). The values of the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly increased with low-ME diets with or without enzyme at all growing stages. There were no significant differences among treatments in terms of carcass traits. With the exception of the jejunum weight, dietary treatments did not affect any digestive tract segments. Meat hardness decreased with the low-ME–Enz diet compared with the other diets (P=0.039). Meat yellowness of the breast muscle increased (P=0.001) with the low-ME–Enz diet in comparison with the other treatments at 24 h post-slaughter. In conclusion, the low-ME diet supplemented with KEMZYME® did not influence most of performance parameters and carcass traits of chickens; however, adding enzymes to the low-ME diet is an effective strategy to improve the meat quality criteria and small intestine characteristics.

Turnover and Distribution of 131Iodine-Labelled Human Fibrinogen

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 404-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Amris ◽  
C. J Amris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cancer Patient ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Coagulation Defects ◽  
Fractional Turnover

Summary14 patients (5 diabetics with arteriosclerotic complications, 4 patients with thrombo-embolic disease, 4 with cirrhosis, coagulation defects and increased fibrinolytic activity, and 1 cancer patient) and 3 control patients were subjected to turnover studies with 13iodine labelled human fibrinogen.Half-life times in the control patients were found to be 4 days, the fractional turnover rates 19–23 per cent, of intravascular fibrinogen per day, and the absolute turnover 0.02 to 0.06 gm per day per kg. body weight. The other patient’s half-life times and turnover rates varied considerably from 0.9–5.5 days, 13–160 per cent, per day of intravascular fibrinogen and 0.02–0.4 gm per day per kg. body weight respectively.As fibrinogen unlike other proteins subjected to turnover studies, is converted to fibrin, it is not possible to measure the true intra-extravascular distribution ratio of fibrinogen. But intravascular fibrinogen could be approximated to constitute 68–99 per cent, of the total fibrinogen. There is justification in believing that fibrinogen is degradated through a continuous coagulation in equilibrium with fibrinolysis, and that the organism contains a greater mass of fibrin, the “fibrin pool”. Considerations of the turnover mechanism can however only be hypothetical.

scholarly journals Dental pulp stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor facilitate the repair of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Yichi Zhang ◽  
Narayan Nepal ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
Ningning Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Colon Injury ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent disease without satisfactory treatment strategies. Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation has been proposed as a potential therapy for UC. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of the rat hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene transduced into DPSCs for UC. Methods The therapeutic effects of HGF-DPSCs transplanted intravenously into a rat model of UC induced by 5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) were compared with the other treatment groups (LV-HGF group, DPSCs group and GFP-DPSCs group). Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the localization and proliferation of HGF-DPSCs at the site of colon injury. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting. The oxidative stress markers were detected by ELISA. DAI scores and body weight changes were used to macroscopically evaluate the treatment of rats in each group. Results Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays showed that HGF-DPSCs homed to colon injury sites and colocalized with intestinal stem cell (ISC) markers (Bmi1, Musashi1 and Sox9) and significantly promoted protein expression (Bmi1, Musashi1, Sox9 and PCNA). Anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-β and IL-10) expression was the highest in the HGF-DPSCs group compared with the other treatment groups, while the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and INF-γ) was the lowest. Additionally, the oxidative stress response results showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression decreased while superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression increased, especially in the HGF-DPSCs group. The DAI scores showed a downward trend with time in the five treatment groups, whereas body weight increased, and the changes were most prominent in the HGF-DPSCs group. Conclusions The study indicated that HGF-DPSCs can alleviate injuries to the intestinal mucosa by transdifferentiating into ISC-like cells, promoting ISC-like cell proliferation, suppressing inflammatory responses and reducing oxidative stress damage, which provides new ideas for the clinical treatment of UC.

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