Effect of Mycotoxin Biological Antidote on Organ Index and Serum Index of Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
平 王
Keyword(s):  
Organ Index

Tinospora cordifolia Aqueous Extract Alleviates Cyclophosphamide- Induced Immune Suppression, Toxicity and Systemic Candidiasis in Immunosuppressed Mice: In vivo Study in Comparison to Antifungal Drug Fluconazole

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1055-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Alrumaihi ◽  
Khaled S. Allemailem ◽  
Ahmad Almatroudi ◽  
Mohammed A. Alsahli ◽  
Arif Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Systemic Candidiasis ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Enhanced Secretion

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia (AETC) against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and systemic Candida albicans infection in a murine model. Methods: The protective effect of AETC against cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia was evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analysis of the leukocytes. The immune-stimulating potential of AETC on macrophages was assessed by determining the levels of secreted cytokines. To determine the direct antifungal activity, AETC or fluconazole was administered to C. albicans infected mice. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by determining the survival rate, kidney fungal burden, the organ index and liver inflammation parameters. Results: Cyclophosphamide administration resulted in substantial depletion of leukocytes, whereas AETC treatment induced the recovery of leukocytes in cyclophosphamide-injected mice. Moreover, AETC treatment of macrophages resulted in enhanced secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β. C. albicans infected mice treated with AETC at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg exhibited 40% and 60% survival rate, whereas the mice treated with fluconazole at a dose of 50 mg/kg showed 20% survival rate. Like survival data, the fungal load was found to be the lowest in the kidney tissues of mice treated with AETC at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, mice infected with C. albicans demonstrated improvement in the organ indices and liver functioning after AETC treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that AETC may potentially be used to rejuvenate the weakened immune system and eliminate systemic candidiasis in mice.

Acute toxicity of Potentilla anserina L. extract in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dul Dram ◽  
Cui-Zhu Zhao ◽  
Qin-Ge Ma ◽  
Jun-Wei He ◽  
Jia-Jie Duo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Potentilla Anserina ◽  
Safety Range

AbstractPotentilla anserina L. is not only a medicinal plant, but also a traditional cuisine. Hence, an acute toxicity study was performed to confirm its safety profile. Forty Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups: control group and P. anserina L. extract group. Using the maximum dosage method, the P. anserina L. extract group was given the maximum dose within 12 h, equivalent to 345.6 g/kg crude drug. The control group was given distilled water. After administration, toxicity symptoms of mice were observed, body weight and food intake were recorded. After 14 days, blood was collected to measure biochemical parameters, autopsy was carried out to observe the changes of organs, and the vital organs were separated, weighed, and preserved for histopathological examination. The results showed that P. anserina L. extract group had no toxic symptoms. The activity, weight, and diet of mice were normal, and no abnormality was found in organ index, renal function, liver function, anatomical observation, and histopathological examination. Therefore, the maximum oral dosage (345.6 g/kg) of P. anserina L. was good safety. This study indicated that P. anserina L. had a large safety range and the clinical application was safe.

scholarly journals Aquaporins Alteration Profiles Revealed Different Actions of Senna, Sennosides, and Sennoside A in Diarrhea-Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixin Cao ◽  
Ying He ◽  
Cong Wei ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Lejing Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Scientific Justification ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Effective Laxative

Senna and its main components sennosides are well-known effective laxative drugs and are used in the treatment of intestinal constipation in the world. Their potential side effects have attracted more attention in clinics but have little scientific justification. In this study, senna extract (SE), sennosides (SS), and sennoside A (SA) were prepared and used to generate diarrhea rats. The diarrhea rats were investigated with behaviors, clinical signs, organ index, pathological examination, and gene expression on multiple aquaporins (Aqps) including Aqp1, Aqp2, Aqp3, Aqp4, Aqp5, Aqp6, Aqp7, Aqp8, Aqp9, and Aqp11. Using qRT-PCR, the Aqp expression profiles were constructed for six organs including colon, kidney, liver, spleen, lung, and stomach. The Aqp alteration profiles were characterized and was performed with Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The SE treatments on the rats resulted in a significant body weight loss (p < 0.001), significant increases (p < 0.001) on the kidney index (27.72%) and liver index (42.55%), and distinguished changes with up-regulation on Aqps expressions in the kidneys and livers. The SS treatments showed prominent laxative actions and down regulation on Aqps expression in the colons. The study results indicated that the SE had more influence/toxicity on the kidneys and livers. The SS showed more powerful actions on the colons. We suggest that the caution should be particularly exercised in the patients with kidney and liver diseases when chronic using senna-based products.

scholarly journals Systematic evaluation of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots toxicity on the reproduction and offspring health in male BALB/c mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Xiaotan Lin ◽  
Tingting Chen ◽  
Kan Liu ◽  
Zhiwen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Acrosome Integrity ◽  
Offspring Health

Abstract Background: Increased applications of quantum dots (QDs) in biomedical field have aroused attention for their potential toxicological effects. Although many studies have been carried out on the toxicity of QDs, their effects on reproductive and development are still unclear. In this study, we systematically evaluated the male reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity of CdSe/ZnS QDs in BALB/c mice.Results: The male mice were injected intravenously with CdSe/ZnS QDs at the dosage of 2.5 mg/kg BW or 25 mg/kg BW, respectively, and the survival status, biodistribution of QDs in testes, serum sex hormone levels, histopathology, sperm motility and acrosome integrity was measured on Day 1, 7, 14, 28 and 42 after injection. On Day 35 after treatment, male mice were housed with non-exposed female mice, and then offspring number, body weight, organ index and histopathology of major organs, blood routine and biochemical tests of offspring were measured to evaluate the fertility and offspring health. The results showed that CdSe/ZnS QDs could rapidly distribute in the testis, and the fluorescence of QDs could still be detected on Day 42 post-injection. QDs had no adverse effect on the structure of testis and epididymis, but high-dose QDs could induce apoptosis of Leydig cells in testis at an early stage. No significant differences in survival of state, body weight organ index of testis and epididymis, sex hormones levels, sperm quality, sperm acrosome integrity and fertility of male mice were observed in QDs exposed groups. However, the development of offspring was obviously influenced, which was mainly manifested in the slow growth of offspring, changes of organ index of main organs, and the abnormality of liver and kidney function parameters.Conclusion: Our findings revealed that CdSe/ZnS QDs were able to cross the blood-testis barrier (BTB), produce no discernible toxic effects on the male reproductive system, but could affect the healthy growth of future generations to some extent. In view of the broad application prospect of QDs in biomedical fields, our findings might provide insight into the biological safety evaluation of the reproductive health of QDs.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary fumaric acid on the growth performance, immune response, relative weight and antioxidant status of immune organs in broilers exposed to chronic heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaojun He ◽  
Qirun Yin ◽  
Yongjie Xiong ◽  
Deyi Liu ◽  
Hong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Immune Organ ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Immune Organs ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Antibody Titres

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary fumaric acid (FA) on growth performance, immune responses, immune organ index and antioxidant status in broilers under chronic heat stress (HS). A total of 200 21-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two diets (basal diet or 10 g/kg FA diet) and two temperatures (thermoneutral or HS) for 21 days. On day 42, growth performance, immune organ index, immune function and antioxidative ability were determined. HS resulted in a significant reduction in final body weight (FBW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), antibody titres against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Newcastle disease virus, IgM, IgG, relative weights of spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius, but a significant increase in the feed conversion ratio (FCR), activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the bursa, contents of malondialdehyde and total carbonyl (TC) in thymus and bursa (P &lt; 0.05). Dietary supplementation of FA increased FBW, ADFI, ADG, antibody titres against SRBC, IgG, relative weights of spleen and bursa, activity of GPx in thymus and bursa, whereas it decreased the FCR and TC of thymus and bursa. These results suggest that dietary 10 g/kg FA had positive effects on growth performance and immune function through improving the antioxidative capacity of immune organs.

scholarly journals Protein Hydrolyzates from Changbai Mountain Walnut (Juglans mandshurica Maxim.) Boost Mouse Immune System and Exhibit Immunoregulatory Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Ji Wang ◽  
Chunlei Liu ◽  
Li Fang ◽  
Weihong Min
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Changbai Mountain ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Juglans Mandshurica ◽  
Macrophage Activity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Splenic Enlargement

The Changbai Mountain walnut (Juglans mandshurica Maxim.) is a rich source of essential amino acids. Walnut dregs are byproducts of edible oil production and primarily used as fodder and fertilizers. We systematically examined the effect of three types of walnut protein hydrolyzates—albumin, glutelin, and globin—on the immune system of mice and aimed to provide the theoretical basis for developing and utilizing J. mandshurica Maxim. protein resources. In comparison with the normal control mice, those treated with different doses of walnut proteins showed improved immune indices, including organ index, spleen lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage activity, number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and secretory IgA content, and mRNA and protein expression levels of cytokine factors. Our results indicated that these walnut proteins may have positive effects on the immune system and perform their immunomodulatory functions by inducing splenic enlargement. These findings support the use of walnut proteins as nutritional sources to boost the immune system.

scholarly journals Effect of free-range days on a local chicken breed: Growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality, and lymphoid organ index

2014 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 1883-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.B. Tong ◽  
Q. Wang ◽  
J. Lu ◽  
J.M. Zou ◽  
L.L. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Lymphoid Organ ◽  
Chicken Breed ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Local Chicken

scholarly journals A Sensitive and Rapid UPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Monosaccharides and Anti-Allergic Effect of the Polysaccharides Extracted from Saposhnikoviae Radix

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Yan Gao ◽  
Yue Jiang ◽  
Guo-Chao Chen ◽  
Shuang-Shuang Li ◽  
Fei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Serum Ige ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Saposhnikoviae Radix

Background: Allergic disease is a common clinical disease. Natural products provide an important source for a wide range of potential anti-allergic agents. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-allergic activities of the water-soluble polysaccharides extracted and purified from Saposhnikoviae Radix (SRPS). The composition and content of monosaccharides were determined to provide a material basis. Methods: An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established to determine the composition and content of SRPS. 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induced a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) mouse model orally administrated SRPS for seven consecutive days. Ear swelling, organ index, and serum IgE levels were observed to evaluate the anti-allergic activities. Results: The UPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that SRPS was consisted of eight monosaccharides including galacturonic acid, mannose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose, fucose, ribose, and arabinose with a relative molar ratio of 4.42%, 7.86%, 23.69%, 12.06%, 3.10%, 0.45%, 0.71%, and 47.70%, respectively. SRPS could effectively reduce ear swelling, a thymus index, and a serum IgE levels. Conclusions: The method was simple, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible, which could be used to analyze and determine the monosaccharide composition of SRPS. The vivo experiments demonstrated that SRPS may effectively inhibit development of DNFB-induced DTH. SRPS is a novel potential resource for natural anti-allergic drugs.

Age-related development and histomorphological observation of bursa of Fabricius in yellow quails

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491
Author(s):  
Min He ◽  
Xiaoxia Liang ◽  
Kaiyu Wang ◽  
Haibo Pu ◽  
Yaodong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Histomorphological Changes ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

He, M., Liang, X., Wang, K., Pu, H., Hu, Y., Ye, G., Li, X. and Liu, L. 2015. Age-related development and histomorphological observation of bursa of Fabricius in yellow quails. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 487–491. The purpose of this study was to observe the age-related development and histomorphological changes in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) in Chinese yellow quails. One hundred and twenty Chinese yellow quails were divided into 12 groups. After dissecting, the weight, length, width and index analysis of the BF were determined, and histomorphological observation was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining at different ages. The weight of the BF gradually increased with age from 0 to 5 wk, reached a peak at 5 wk (100.23±6.47), then decreased quickly from 5 to 9 wk (63.21±3.90) and decreased slowly after 9 wk (P<0.05). The length of the BF was greater at 5 wk old than at 0 wk old (11.00±2.45 vs. 5.00±1.15, P<0.05), and there was no significant difference after 5 wk of age (P>0.05). The width of the BF was similar to the length. The organ index was higher at 1 wk of age compared with 5 wk of age (1.25±0.11 vs. 0.71±0.05, P<0.05) and reached its maximum from 0 to 36 wk of age. Histomorphological analysis revealed the different development stages of the BF at different ages. We detected the age-related development of the BF in Chinese yellow quails and observed the histomorphological modifications. This study may help increase our understanding of the quail's immune system and provide a basis for immunization research in Chinese yellow quails.

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