scholarly journals Improving functional and motor capacity through means/resources and methods specific to acvatic activities

2021 ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Iustina CONDURECHE ◽  
Luminița CONFEDERAT ◽  
Mariana ROTARIU ◽  
Marius TURNEA
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
General Physical

Introduction. Exercise programs in the aquatic environment have as their main objective the improvement and maintenance of physical capacity/ capability, these being in continuous development and diversification. Water exercise amplifies the effects of general physical exercise, by allowing a more precise control over the movement of each body segment and of the body as a whole. The aquatic environment offers a number of beneficial effects compared to ones offered by the terrestrial environment. The benefits obtained through the aquatic activities are fundamental and are reflected throughout the entire body including both motor, functional and aesthetic level. Material and method. The objective of this study is represented by the identification of new forms of physical exercise that will increase the motor’s capacity. In order to achieve this goal, several methodological requirements were met, such as: successive engagement of the joints and muscle groups in effort (starting with the neck’s muscles, shoulders, arms, torso and legs, simultaneously with scapular-humeral joints, spine and coxo-femoral joints and legs), the gradually usage of exercises, starting with the most basic and then increasing the complexity of the exercises, the usage of the accessible exercises in the beginning of the training, executed with high amplitude and reduced speed, focusing on the correctness of the execution, the selection and the adequate/ appropriately usage of the initial positions according to the subject’s particularities and the shape/form of the exercise, the optimal control of the effort, achieved through a number of iterations, optimal execution time and breaks, the sets of general physical exercises will consist of sets of 8-12 exercises/reps, the principle of symmetry in the execution of the exercises has to be respected, the continuity of practicing a set of exercises for 6 to 8 consecutive lessons, the recommended work method is fragmented-imitative, efficiently combining the explication with the demonstration, the number of repetitions and the movement’s correction. Results and discussions. Analyzing results obtained after the evaluation, we have noticed significant growth in the functional and motor capacities. Conclusions. The systematization of water activities on objective criteria effectively contributes to their knowledge, while allowing them to be included in the spectrum of recreational, sporting, relaxing or therapeutic activities. Keywords: acvatic activities, physical exercise, evaluations,

scholarly journals Improving functional and motor capacity through means/resources and methods specific to acvatic activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (Vol.12, no.1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Iustina CONDURACHE ◽  
Marius TURNEA ◽  
Mariana ROTARIU
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
General Physical

Introduction. Exercise programs in the aquatic environment have as their main objective the improvement and maintenance of physical capacity/ capability, these being in continuous development and diversification. Water exercise amplifies the effects of general physical exercise, by allowing a more precise control over the movement of each body segment and of the body as a whole. The aquatic environment offers a number of beneficial effects compared to ones offered by the terrestrial environment. The benefits obtained through the aquatic activities are fundamental and are reflected throughout the entire body including both motor, functional and aesthetic level. Material and method. The objective of this study is represented by the identification of new forms of physical exercise that will increase the effort’s capacity. In order to achieve this goal, several methodological requirements were met, such as: successive engagement of the joints and muscle groups in effort (starting with the neck’s muscles, shoulders, arms, torso and legs, simultaneously with scapular-humeral joints, spine and coxo-femoral joints and legs), the gradually usage of exercises, starting with the most basic and then increasing the complexity of the exercises, the usage of the accessible exercises in the beginning of the training, executed with high amplitude and reduced speed, focusing on the correctness of the execution, the selection and the adequate/ appropriately usage of the initial positions according to the subject’s particularities and the shape/form of the exercise, the optimal control of the effort, achieved through a number of iterations, optimal execution time and breaks, the sets of general physical exercises will consist of sets of 8-12 exercises/reps, the principle of symmetry in the execution of the exercises has to be respected, the continuity of practicing a set of exercises for 6 to 8 consecutive lessons, the recommended work method is fragmented-imitative, efficiently combining the explication with the demonstration, the number of repetitions and the movement’s correction. Results and discussions. Analyzing results obtained after the evaluation, we have noticed significant growth in the functional and motor capacities. Conclusions. The systematization of water activities on objective criteria effectively contributes to their knowledge, while allowing them to be included in the spectrum of recreational, sporting, relaxing or therapeutic activities. Keywords: acvatic activities, physical exercise, evaluations,

scholarly journals Physical Exercise and Cardiac Repair: The Potential Role of Nitric Oxide in Boosting Stem Cell Regenerative Biology

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1002
Author(s):  
Fabiola Marino ◽  
Mariangela Scalise ◽  
Eleonora Cianflone ◽  
Luca Salerno ◽  
Donato Cappetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Myocardial Repair ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Over the years strong evidence has been accumulated showing that aerobic physical exercise exerts beneficial effects on the prevention and reduction of cardiovascular risk. Exercise in healthy subjects fosters physiological remodeling of the adult heart. Concurrently, physical training can significantly slow-down or even reverse the maladaptive pathologic cardiac remodeling in cardiac diseases, improving heart function. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on the heart are still a subject of intensive study. Aerobic activity increases cardiovascular nitric oxide (NO) released mainly through nitric oxidase synthase 3 activity, promoting endothelium-dependent vasodilation, reducing vascular resistance, and lowering blood pressure. On the reverse, an imbalance between increasing free radical production and decreased NO generation characterizes pathologic remodeling, which has been termed the “nitroso-redox imbalance”. Besides these classical evidence on the role of NO in cardiac physiology and pathology, accumulating data show that NO regulate different aspects of stem cell biology, including survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and secretion of pro-regenerative factors. Concurrently, it has been shown that physical exercise generates physiological remodeling while antagonizes pathologic remodeling also by fostering cardiac regeneration, including new cardiomyocyte formation. This review is therefore focused on the possible link between physical exercise, NO, and stem cell biology in the cardiac regenerative/reparative response to physiological or pathological load. Cellular and molecular mechanisms that generate an exercise-induced cardioprotective phenotype are discussed in regards with myocardial repair and regeneration. Aerobic training can benefit cells implicated in cardiovascular homeostasis and response to damage by NO-mediated pathways that protect stem cells in the hostile environment, enhance their activation and differentiation and, in turn, translate to more efficient myocardial tissue regeneration. Moreover, stem cell preconditioning by and/or local potentiation of NO signaling can be envisioned as promising approaches to improve the post-transplantation stem cell survival and the efficacy of cardiac stem cell therapy.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2: is there neuroinvasion?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor McQuaid ◽  
Molly Brady ◽  
Rashid Deane
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus (CoV), is known to cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, and a number of non-respiratory complications, particularly in older male patients with prior health conditions, such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension. These prior health conditions are associated with vascular dysfunction, and the CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications include multiorgan failure and neurological problems. While the main route of entry into the body is inhalation, this virus has been found in many tissues, including the choroid plexus and meningeal vessels, and in neurons and CSF. Main body We reviewed SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, ACE2 distribution and beneficial effects, the CNS vascular barriers, possible mechanisms by which the virus enters the brain, outlined prior health conditions (obesity, hypertension and diabetes), neurological COVID-19 manifestation and the aging cerebrovascualture. The overall aim is to provide the general reader with a breadth of information on this type of virus and the wide distribution of its main receptor so as to better understand the significance of neurological complications, uniqueness of the brain, and the pre-existing medical conditions that affect brain. The main issue is that there is no sound evidence for large flux of SARS-CoV-2 into brain, at present, compared to its invasion of the inhalation pathways. Conclusions While SARS-CoV-2 is detected in brains from severely infected patients, it is unclear on how it gets there. There is no sound evidence of SARS-CoV-2 flux into brain to significantly contribute to the overall outcomes once the respiratory system is invaded by the virus. The consensus, based on the normal route of infection and presence of SARS-CoV-2 in severely infected patients, is that the olfactory mucosa is a possible route into brain. Studies are needed to demonstrate flux of SARS-CoV-2 into brain, and its replication in the parenchyma to demonstrate neuroinvasion. It is possible that the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are a consequence of mainly cardio-respiratory distress and multiorgan failure. Understanding potential SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion pathways could help to better define the non-respiratory neurological manifestation of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Amine-Grafted Mesoporous Carbons as Benzocaine-Delivery Platforms

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2188
Author(s):  
Joanna Goscianska ◽  
Aleksander Ejsmont ◽  
Anita Kubiak ◽  
Dominika Ludowicz ◽  
Anna Stasiłowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Release Kinetics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Mesoporous Carbons ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Sorption Ability ◽  
Porous Carriers ◽  
Textural Parameters ◽  
Amine Groups

Smart porous carriers with defined structure and physicochemical properties are required for releasing the therapeutic drug with precise control of delivery time and location in the body. Due to their non-toxicity, ordered structure, and chemical and thermal stability, mesoporous carbons can be considered modern carriers for active pharmaceutical ingredients whose effectiveness needs frequent dosing algorithms. Here, the novel benzocaine delivery systems based on ordered mesoporous carbons of the cubic structure were obtained with the use of a hard template method and functionalization with amine groups at 40 °C for 8 h. It has been shown that amine grafting strongly modifies the surface chemistry and textural parameters of carbons. All samples indicated good sorption ability towards benzocaine, with evident improvement following the functionalization with the amine groups. The sorption capacity and drug release kinetics were strongly affected by the porosity of carbon carriers and the surface functional groups. The smallest amount of benzocaine (~12%) was released from pristine mesoporous carbon, which could be correlated with strong API–carrier interactions. Faster and more efficient release of the drug was observed in the case of triethylenetetramine modified carbon (~62%). All benzocaine delivery platforms based on amine-grafted mesoporous carbons revealed high permeability through the artificial membrane.

scholarly journals Viable and Heat-Killed Probiotic Strains Improve Oral Immunity by Elevating the IgA Concentration in the Oral Mucosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Yang Lin ◽  
Yi-Wei Kuo ◽  
Ching-Wei Chen ◽  
Yu-Fen Huang ◽  
Chen-Hung Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Oral Tablet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Oral Pathogens

AbstractOral-nasal mucosal immunity plays a crucial role in protecting the body against bacterial and viral invasion. Safe probiotic products have been used to enhance human immunity and oral health. In this study, we verified the beneficial effects of mixed viable probiotic tablets, consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9, and Lactobacillus paracasei ET-66, and heat-killed probiotic tablets, consisting of L. salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32 and L. paracasei ET-66, on oral immunity among 45 healthy participants. Participants were randomly divided into viable probiotic, heat-killed probiotic, and placebo groups. The administration of treatment lasted for 4 weeks. Saliva samples were collected at Weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6, and Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus mutans populations and IgA concentration were measured. IgA concentrations, levels of TGF-beta and IL-10 in PBMCs cells were quantified by ELISA method. Results showed that salivary IgA levels were significantly increased on administration of both the viable (119.30 ± 12.63%, ***P < 0.001) and heat-killed (116.78 ± 12.28%, ***P < 0.001) probiotics for 4 weeks. Among three probiotic strains, AP-32 would effectively increase the levels of TGF-beta and IL-10 in PBMCs. The oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans was significantly reduced on viable probiotic tablet administration (49.60 ± 31.01%, ***P < 0.001). The in vitro antibacterial test confirmed that viable probiotics effectively limited the survival rate of oral pathogens. Thus, this clinical pilot study demonstrated that oral probiotic tablets both in viable form or heat-killed form could exert beneficial effects on oral immunity via IL-10, TGB-beta mediated IgA secretion. The effective dosage of viable probiotic content in the oral tablet was 109 CFUs/g and the heat-killed oral tablet was 1 × 1010 cells/g.

Surface ultrastructure of juvenile and adult stages of Centrocestus armatus

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho-Choon Woo ◽  
Myung-Deuk Seo ◽  
Sung-Jong Hong
Keyword(s):  
Oral Sucker ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
High Density ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Posterior Half ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure

AbstractCentrocestus armatus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) develops rapidly and produces eggs at 3 days postinfection in albino rats. Excysted metacercariae are pear-shaped and concave ventrally, with 42–44 peg-like circumoral spines. The entire body surface is densely covered with scale-like serrated spines. On juveniles, serration of the tegumental spines is greatest in the middle of the ventral and dorsal surfaces, and decreases anteriorly and posteriorly. Ciliated sensory papillae are concentrated around the oral sucker. Several nonciliated sensory papillae (type II papillae) occur equidistantly on the acetabulum and are arranged in a linear symmetry on the dorsal surface. On adults, the serration of the tegumental spines decreases to 14–17 tips on the ventrolateral surface. The high density of tegumental spines on posterior half of the body and the distribution of type II papillae on dorsal surface are considered to be characteristic of C. armatus.

scholarly journals Adipokines, Myokines, and Hepatokines: Crosstalk and Metabolic Repercussions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2639
Author(s):  
Ana Rita de Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Bárbara de Oliveira Zanuso ◽  
Vitor Fernando Bordin Miola ◽  
Sandra Maria Barbalho ◽  
Patrícia C. Santos Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Endocrine Organs ◽  
Sharing Space

Adipose, skeletal, and hepatic muscle tissues are the main endocrine organs that produce adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines. These biomarkers can be harmful or beneficial to an organism and still perform crosstalk, acting through the endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways. This study aims to review the crosstalk between adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines. Far beyond understanding the actions of each biomarker alone, it is important to underline that these cytokines act together in the body, resulting in a complex network of actions in different tissues, which may have beneficial or non-beneficial effects on the genesis of various physiological disorders and their respective outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Overweight individuals secrete more pro-inflammatory adipokines than those of a healthy weight, leading to an impaired immune response and greater susceptibility to inflammatory and infectious diseases. Myostatin is elevated in pro-inflammatory environments, sharing space with pro-inflammatory organokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), resistin, and chemerin. Fibroblast growth factor FGF21 acts as a beta-oxidation regulator and decreases lipogenesis in the liver. The crosstalk mentioned above can interfere with homeostatic disorders and can play a role as a potential therapeutic target that can assist in the methods of diagnosing metabolic syndrome and CVD.

A Benchmark Control Problem for Supercavitating Vehicles and an Initial Investigation of Solutions

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 791-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dzielski ◽  
Andrew Kurdila
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Benchmark Problem ◽  
Supercavitating Vehicles ◽  
Forcing Function ◽  
Natural Cavitation

At very high speeds, underwater bodies develop cavitation bubbles at the trailing edges of sharp corners or from contours where adverse pressure gradients are sufficient to induce flow separation. Coupled with a properly designed cavitator at the nose of a vehicle, this natural cavitation can be augmented with gas to induce a cavity to cover nearly the entire body of the vehicle. The formation of the cavity results in a significant reduction in drag on the vehicle and these so-called high-speed supercavitating vehicles (HSSVs) naturally operate at speeds in excess of 75 m s-1. The first part of this paper presents a derivation of a benchmark problem for control of HSSVs. The benchmark problem focuses exclusively on the pitch-plane dynamics of the body which currently appear to present the most severe challenges. A vehicle model is parametrized in terms of generic parameters of body radius, body length, and body density relative to the surrounding fluid. The forebody shape is assumed to be a right cylindrical cone and the aft two-thirds is assumed to be cylindrical. This effectively parametrizes the inertia characteristics of the body. Assuming the cavitator is a flat plate, control surface lift curves are specified relative to the cavitator effectiveness. A force model for a planing afterbody is also presented. The resulting model is generally unstable whenever in contact with the cavity and stable otherwise, provided the fin effectiveness is large enough. If it is assumed that a cavity separation sensor is not available or that the entire weight of the body is not to be carried on control surfaces, limit cycle oscillations generally result. The weight of the body inevitably forces the vehicle into contact with the cavity and the unstable mode; the body effectively skips on the cavity wall. The general motion can be characterized by switching between two nominally linear models and an external constant forcing function. Because of the extremely short duration of the cavity contact, direct suppression of the oscillations and stable planing appear to present severe challenges to the actuator designer. These challenges are investigated in the second half of the paper, along with several approaches to the design of active control systems.

The philometrid nematodePhilometroides acreanensis n. sp. from the stomach wall of the catfishPimelodus blochiiin north-western Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H.O. Cavalcante ◽  
F. Moravec ◽  
C.P. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stomach Wall ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
South American

AbstractA new nematode species,Philometroides acreanensisn. sp. (Philometridae), is described from female specimens recovered from the stomach wall of the freshwater catfishPimelodus blochiiValenciennes (Pimelodidae) collected in the Acre River (Amazon River basin), Acre State, Brazil. Based on examination by light and scanning electron microscopy, the new species differs from the two other South American congeneric species mainly in the body length of the gravid female (240–280 mm), the length of the oesophagus (1.25 mm in holotype) representing 0.5% of the entire body length, the range of cuticular embossment, as well as the location in the host (stomach), order of the fish host (Siluriformes) and the geographical distribution (Amazon River drainage system). This is the third known species ofPhilometroidesYamaguti, 1935 reported from South America. A key to species ofPhilometroidesoccurring in the fish of America is provided.

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