scholarly journals Study Protocol: The influence of Running Therapy on executive functions and sleep of prisoners

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Meijers ◽  
Joke Harte ◽  
Gerben Meynen ◽  
Pim Cuijpers
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Baseline Measurement ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: Executive dysfunction appears to be related to increased recidivism. Of note is that sleep disturbances, which are highly prevalent in prisons, may attenuate executive functions. Thus, improving executive functions, either directly or indirectly through the improvement of sleep, may reduce recidivism. It is hypothesised that physical exercise, in the form of Running Therapy, has a direct positive effect on executive functions as well as an indirect effect through the improvement of sleep.Methods/Design: Seventy two (N = 72) detainees in various penitentiary institutions in the Netherlands will be recruited in this study. A baseline measurement, including six neuropsychological tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), an assessment of sleep quality and duration using the Actiwatch (Actiwatch 2, Philips Respironics, Murrysville, PA, USA) and various other measurements will be administered before the start of the treatment. After 3 months of Running Therapy, participants will be assessed again with the same tests for neuropsychological and physical functioning. Primary outcomes are executive functioning and various sleep variables.Discussion: This study will be the first to investigate the possible influence of Running Therapy on the cognitive functioning, sleep and aggression in prisoners.

scholarly journals Consequences of COVID-19 Confinement on Anxiety, Sleep and Executive Functions of Children and Adolescents in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Lavigne-Cerván ◽  
Borja Costa-López ◽  
Rocío Juárez-Ruiz de Mier ◽  
Marta Real-Fernández ◽  
Marta Sánchez-Muñoz de León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Relevant Effect ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Positive Correlations

Children and adolescents are not indifferent to the dramatic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the need to be forced to live in confinement. The change in life to which they have been abruptly subjected forces us to understand the state of their mental health in order to adequately address both their present and future needs. The present study was carried out with the intention of studying the consequences of confinement on anxiety, sleep routines and executive functioning of 1,028 children and adolescents, aged from 6 to 18 years, residing in Spain to; assess if there are differences regarding these consequences in terms of sex and age; how anxiety affects executive functioning in males and females; and to examine the possible correlations between the measured variables. For this purpose, an online questionnaire containing five sections was designed: the first section gathers information on sociodemographic and health data, while the following sections gather information from different standardized scales which measure anxiety, sleep and executive functions, whose items were adapted in order to be completed by parents, and/or legal guardians. The statistical analyzes carried out highlights significant differences in executive functioning between males and females. In turn, in regards to age, greater difficulties were detected in anxiety in the 9 to 12 age group and greater sleep disturbances between 13 and 18 year olds. On the other hand, significant differences were found in intra-sexual executive functioning depending on whether they presented greater or lesser anxiety, with executive functioning being more tendentiously maladjusted in males than in females, revealing a significantly relevant effect size (p = 0.001; ω2 = 0.27 BRIEF-2; ω2 = 0.19 BDEFS-CA; 95%). Positive correlations are obtained between state anxiety and sleep and executive functioning alterations. Finally, through Path Analysis, it is verified that state anxiety is the variable with the greatest weight within the model that would explain the alteration in the executive functioning of the present sample.

scholarly journals Subjectively and Objectively Measured Sleep Predict Differing Aspects of Cognitive Functioning in Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1127-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P K Bernstein ◽  
Alyssa DeVito ◽  
Matthew Calamia
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Complex Cognition ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Conceptual Flexibility

Abstract Objective To examine associations between subjectively-reported sleep and objectively-measured sleep (i.e., actigraphy) with different domains of cognitive functioning, and determine whether age may moderate these associations. Method In this cross-sectional study, a total of 489 participants (mean age = 45.4 years; SD = 18.8) completed a self-reported sleep measure and one week of actigraphy. Participants also completed a battery of cognitive tests measuring episodic memory, social cognition, executive functioning, and complex cognition (i.e., reasoning, visuospatial, and language abilities). Results Multiple regression analyses revealed that greater objective sleep quality and longer onset latencies were both associated with better performance on measures of conceptual flexibility. In contrast, subjective sleep quality was not associated with performance in any cognitive domain after accounting for objective sleep variables. Age moderated sleep–cognition relationships in differing ways based on cognitive domain and facet of sleep assessed. For example, whereas poorer subjective sleep quality was associated with poorer complex cognition in younger, but not older adults, poorer objective sleep quality was associated with poorer conceptual flexibility in older, but not younger adults. Conclusions Objectively-measured and self-reported sleep are associated with differing aspects of executive functioning, with the latter related to executive functioning broadly and the former associated with conceptual flexibility in particular. Age moderates sleep–cognition relationships differentially depending on the method by which sleep quality and quantity are measured.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation of Executive Functions in Patients with Chronic Acquired Brain Injury with Goal Management Training, External Cuing, and Emotional Regulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sveinung Tornås ◽  
Marianne Løvstad ◽  
Anne-Kristin Solbakk ◽  
Jonathan Evans ◽  
Tor Endestad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Goal Management ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Goal Management Training

AbstractExecutive dysfunction is a common consequence of acquired brain injury (ABI), causing significant disability in daily life. This randomized controlled trial investigated the efficacy of Goal Management TrainingTM(GMT) in improving executive functioning in patients with chronic ABI. Seventy patients with a verified ABI and executive dysfunction were randomly allocated to GMT (n=33) or a psycho-educative active control condition, Brain Health Workshop (BHW) (n=37). In addition, all participants received external cueing by text messages. Neuropsychological tests and self-reported questionnaires of executive functioning were administered pre-intervention, immediately after intervention, and at 6 months follow-up. Assessors were blinded to group allocation. Questionnaire measures indicated significant improvement of everyday executive functioning in the GMT group, with effects lasting at least 6 months post-treatment. Both groups improved on the majority of the applied neuropsychological tests. However, improved performance on tests demanding executive attention was most prominent in the GMT group. The results indicate that GMT combined with external cueing is an effective metacognitive strategy training method, ameliorating executive dysfunction in daily life for patients with chronic ABI. The strongest effects were seen on self-report measures of executive functions 6 months post-treatment, suggesting that strategies learned in GMT were applied and consolidated in everyday life after the end of training. Furthermore, these findings show that executive dysfunction can be improved years after the ABI. (JINS, 2016,22, 436–452)

Overweight in Boys With ADHD Is Related to Candidate Genes and Not to Deficits in Cognitive Functions

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1158-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Hanć ◽  
Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz ◽  
Aneta Borkowska ◽  
Tomasz Wolańczyk ◽  
Natalia Pytlińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship of overweight, the polymorphisms of selected candidate genes, and deficits in the executive functions among children with ADHD. Method: We examined 109 boys with ADHD aged between 7 and 17 years. The study indicated variants of 14 polymorphisms in eight candidate genes. We applied seven neuropsychological tests to evaluate the executive functions. Overweight was diagnosed on the basis of the guidelines of the International Obesity Task Force. Results: Analyses revealed significant association between DRD4 rs1800955, SNAP25 rs363039 and rs363043, 5HTR2A rs17288723, and overweight in boys with ADHD. There were no significant differences in the level of neuropsychological test results between patients with overweight and without overweight. Conclusion: Overweight in boys with ADHD is associated with polymorphisms in three candidate genes: DRD4, SNAP25, and 5HTR2A, but not through conditioning deficits in cognitive functions.

Executive dysfunction in bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 959-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Z. Gvirts ◽  
Y. Braw ◽  
H. Harari ◽  
M. Lozin ◽  
Y. Bloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Strategy Formation

AbstractObjectiveThe boundary between bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder is a controversial one. Despite the importance of the topic, few studies have directly compared these patient groups. The aim of the study was to compare the executive functioning profile of BD and BPD patients.MethodExecutive functioning (sustained attention, problem-solving, planning, strategy formation, cognitive flexibility and working memory) was assessed in BD (n= 30) and BPD outpatients (n= 32) using a computerized assessment battery (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, CANTAB). The groups were compared to one another as well as to healthy controls.ResultsBD patients showed deficits in strategy formation and in planning (indicated by longer execution time in the ToL task) in comparison to BPD patients and healthy controls. BPD patients showed deficits in planning (short deliberation time in the ToL task) in comparison to BD patients and in comparison to healthy controls. In comparison to healthy controls, BPD patients displayed deficits in problem-solving.ConclusionsDifferences in executive dysfunction between BD and BPD patients suggest that this cognitive dimension may be relevant for the clarification of the boundary between the disorders.

Executive Functions and Their Relation to Sleep Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Preschoolers

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 769-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Landry-Roy ◽  
Annie Bernier ◽  
Jocelyn Gravel ◽  
Miriam H. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Mild Tbi

AbstractObjectives:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) sustained during childhood is known to impact children’s executive functioning. However, few studies have focused specifically on executive functioning after preschool TBI. TBI has also been associated with sleep disturbances, which are known to impair executive functions in healthy children. The aim of this study was to investigate executive functions in preschoolers with mild TBI, and to determine the role of sleep in the links between TBI and executive functioning.Methods:The sample was drawn from a longitudinal study and included 167 children, aged 18 to 60 months, divided into 2 groups: children with accidental mild TBI (n=84) and typically developing children (n=83). Children were assessed 6 months post-injury on executive function measures (inhibition and cognitive flexibility) and sleep measures (actigraphy data and parental rating of sleep problems).Results:The two groups did not differ in their executive abilities. However, relative to controls, children with mild TBI and shorter nighttime sleep duration or increased sleep problems exhibited poorer executive functions.Conclusions:These results support a “double hazard” effect, whereby the combination of sleep disturbances and mild TBI results in poorer executive functions. The findings highlight the importance of assessing and monitoring the quality of sleep even after mild head injuries. Poor sleep may place children at risk for increased cognitive difficulties. (JINS, 2018,24, 769–780)

scholarly journals A-168 Do Family Members’ Subjective Perceptions of Decline in Executive Functioning Skills Reflect Objective Cognitive Dysfunction?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 962-962
Author(s):  
Clark H ◽  
Schroeder R ◽  
Martin P
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavior Rating ◽  
Behavior Rating Scales

Abstract Objective On behavior rating scales completed by family members, executive functioning is often operationalized in terms of subdomain abilities (e.g., problem-solving, multitasking, and organizing). It is unclear, however, how well collateral assessments of these abilities reflect patients’ actual executive functioning. The current study investigated the relationship between family members’ reported perceptions of change in patients’ problem-solving, multitasking, and organizing abilities and objective neuropsychological test findings. Method Patients undergoing dementia evaluations (n = 56, mean age = 71.4, mean education = 13.0 years) minimally completed subtests from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS; Trail Making, Verbal Fluency, Color-Word, Tower) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Information from family members was obtained via a questionnaire asking about degrees of change (no change, mild change, moderate change, or severe change) in problem-solving, multitasking, and organizing. Spearman correlations were calculated between family members’ perceptions of change and cognitive dysfunction, as measured by D-KEFS (subtests and combined averaged scaled score) and RBANS index scores. Results Perceived changes in problem-solving, multitasking, and organizing did not significantly correlate at p < .05 with either D-KEFS subtest scores or the combined scaled score. Perceived changes significantly correlated with RBANS Immediate Memory (problem-solving: rs = −.338, p = .014; multitasking: rs = −.323, p = .017; organizing: rs = −.293, p = .028) and Language (problem-solving: rs = −.306, p = .027) indices. Conclusions Family members’ perceptions of change in problem-solving, multitasking, and organizing did not correspond with objective executive dysfunction observed on neuropsychological testing. Future research should attempt to cross-validate these findings. If cross-validated, results would suggest limited utility in using these terms to operationalize executive functioning on behavior rating scales.

Abstract WP206: Cognitive Functioning Predicts Engagement in Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Lowder ◽  
Abhishek Jaywant ◽  
Michael O'Dell
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
College Education ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Stroke Severity

Introduction: Patient engagement during inpatient stroke rehabilitation (ISR) is critical to long-term outcomes. Cognitive deficits have demonstrated impact on engagement in rehabilitation. Here, we prospectively investigated the relationship between specific cognitive domains and patient engagement during ISR. Methods: Of 423 patients completing ISR, 127 (30%) had complete data with mean age=67.63 + 15.46 years, NIHSS=6.78 + 5.68, and onset from stroke to ISR admission=8.55 + 7.72 days. The sample comprised 55% males and 56.7% had a college education or more. The National Institute of Neurologic Disorders - Canadian Stroke Network (NINDS-CSN) 30-minute cognitive screening battery was administered within 72 hours of ISR admission to assess verbal fluency, executive functioning, and memory. The Hopkins Rehabilitation Engagement Ratings Scale (HRERS; total score 0-30, higher=greater engagement) was completed by treating therapists at ISR discharge. Spearman rank-order correlations (r s ) examined the relationships between the HRERS total score and the NINDS-CSN total (the mean z-score across subtests) as well as its 8 subtests. Items with correlations p<.10 were entered into a logistic regression (controlling for age, comorbidity, and stroke severity) to predict low (HRERS ≤ 25) versus high engagers (HRERS > 26). Results: NINDS-CSN total and 6 subtests assessing verbal fluency and executive function were weakly to moderately correlated with HRERS scores (r s =0.23-.38, all p’s <.01). Memory subtests were not associated with HRERS. Higher NINDS-CSN total score and subtests reflecting executive functions modestly increased the odds of being a high engager (Odds Ratios ranged from 1.03-1.08, 95% CIs ranged from 1.013-1.134, all p’s < .01). Conclusion: Poor executive functioning may pose a barrier to patient engagement in ISR. Executive functions may impact patients’ ability to shift among activities, maintain attention, and rapidly process information during therapy. Rehabilitation therapists should consider making environmental modifications, providing more frequent guidance and positive reinforcement, and presenting simplified material to increase engagement in stroke patients with executive dysfunction.

scholarly journals Sleep disturbances and related occupational diseases in Ukrainian firefighters

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
A. N. Sukholentsev ◽  
A. I. Кraisvitniy ◽  
V. B. Kovalchuk ◽  
V. P. Cherniy ◽  
N. D. Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Rescue Service

Sleep deprivation is one of the main professionally determined factors for firefighters which can decrease their executive functioning and contribute to an array of health problems in them, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and depression mood disorders. The aim of this research is to gather preliminary data regarding the health of Ukrainian, with a focus on sleep quality indicators. Sleep-deprived participants in our research study were identified using such questionnaires as PSQI, ISI, ESS, SSS, FSS, and BQSA. Statistical processing of the data was carried out with the aid of Fisher's exact test, a statistical tool which is widely used in medical researches when the expected numbers are small. The obtained results confirm the presence of certain regularities. First, typical for the firefighting profession sleep disorders were detected among workers of operatively rescue service of Kropyvnitskiy city: including daytime fatigue, low sleep quality, insomnia, apnea, restless leg syndrome, low alertness, daytime sleepiness. Secondly, individuals suffering from sleep deprivation are at a higher risk for developing certain cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, depressive disorders, including increased impulsivity and overall lack of executive functioning. Thirdly, the importance of early detection and treatment for sleep disorders as a protective measure against the development of the aforementioned diseases has been stressed in our study. Sleep hygiene education should be provided to Ukrainian firefighters. It could influence them to make better choices related to their sleep, which would subsequently impact other areas of their health and wellbeing. Annual research studies concerning firefighters' sleep quality should be conducted in Ukraine on a regular basis with the aim to accumulate relevant statistics on the topic under consideration.

scholarly journals Sleep quality disturbances and cognitive functioning in elderly patients with COPD

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 00054-2016
Author(s):  
Fiona A.H.M. Cleutjens ◽  
Claudio Pedone ◽  
Daisy J.A. Janssen ◽  
Emiel F.M. Wouters ◽  
Raffaele A. Incalzi
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Falling Asleep

Information about the association between cognitive functions, such as copying function, and sleep disturbances in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is lacking. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to investigate the association between copying function and self-reported sleep quality disturbances and disease severity in an elderly COPD population.Cognitive function performances, assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, were compared in 562 ambulatory COPD patients with and without sleep disturbances; assessed using the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly questionnaire; and stratified by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades.Sleep disturbances overall were not correlated with cognitive functioning. A trend was revealed towards worse design copying in patients with sleep disturbances overall. GOLD I patients with difficulties falling asleep and nocturnal awakenings had worse copying ability compared to GOLD I patients without these sleep disturbances. Copying ability was worse for GOLD III than GOLD I, orientation was worse for GOLD II than GOLD I and language was worse for GOLD II and III than GOLD I.To conclude, sleep disturbances seem to be a weak correlate of cognitive functioning, and are not a marker of disease severity.

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