scholarly journals The effect of prestige in language maintenance: The case of Catalan in Valencia

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Casesnoves Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Official Language ◽  
The Real ◽  
City Life ◽  
Remarkable Improvement ◽  
Rural Context ◽  
Linguistic Attitudes

The fact of speaking a language instead of another at a specific moment in a person’s life depends on many and diverse factors such as immigration, the language acquired and spoken at home, and what the dominant and official language is. In addition, in situations where it is possible to choose, speaking one language instead of another is not a neutral choice, in that the values associated with languages have a lot to do with that choice. In the Valencian Community, in Spain, two languages officially coexist: Castilian, the official language within the whole Spanish State, and Catalan, the historical language of the territory, which is undergoing a process of revitalization since the beginnings of the 1980s. At that time,Catalan was perceived as a second-rate language, associated with peasantry, with the rural context and uncultured people from the lower social classes. The technique employed to reveal these values or stereotypes, namely the matched-guise technique (Ros 1984),was used again during the 90s (Blas Arroyo 1995, Gómez Molina1998) for evaluating the effects of the revitalization program. The results of this work showed that Catalan was gaining more and more prestige, i.e., it was increasingly associated with modern people, city life, learning and social progress. An underlying, though never proved, assumption was that the remarkable improvement in the image of Catalan would be reflected in its use, which would also be more frequent and more widespread. At the beginning ofthe new millennium the matched-guise technique was applied again,with one new twist: to assess the real extent of prestige associated with speaking Catalan (Casesnoves and Sankoff 2003). Ten years later that study was replicated in order to observe the evolution of linguistic attitudes as well as the progress of the linguistic revitalization process. In this presentation, we compare the two data sets to evaluate the effects of linguistic attitudes on the use of Catalan.Has Catalan gained prestige throughout the years? If so, does it have an influence on language use or, on the contrary, are there any other factors such as identity that play a more important role in influencing the choice of speaking Catalan?

PERSPEKTIF JHON PAULO FREIRE DAN KI HADJAR DEWANTARA TERHADAP INTEGRASI INTELEKTUALITAS DAN MORALITAS PESERTA DIDIK DALAM MENYADARI KEMAJEMUKAN DI INDONESIA

Edupedia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Ahmad Dahri
Keyword(s):  
Paulo Freire ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Real ◽  
National Education ◽  
Purpose Of Education ◽  
Plural Society ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

The real purpose of education is humanizing human beings. The most prominent thing in humanity is diversity, plurality or multiculturality. Indonesia is a country consisting of a plural society. This should be realized by all individuals in this nusantara society. Providing awareness of the existence of mulitikulturalitas or pluralism can be pursued in the educational process. For the sake of this interest, then in the educational process there must be some kind of integralization effort between forming the intellect and morality of learners. The function of integralization of moral and intellectual education is to know more about diversity then combine with knowledge and practice with morality then achieve the purposes of national education. The conclusions or findings of Freire’s and Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s analysis approach are the absence of differences in the educational portion, the absence of social classes as the limits of education, and the educator has a role as teacher not only as a facilitator but also as a identifierin diversity and be honest about the history, there is a link between learners and educators, mutual understanding, learners receive teaching, and educators learn to understand learners, and this function is summarized in education for freedom and ing ngarsho sung tuladha, ing madyo mangun karsha, tut wur handayani.

Language change across a lifetime: A historical micro-perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bergs
Keyword(s):  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Social ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
Micro Analysis

Abstract This paper focuses on the micro-analysis of historical data, which allows us to investigate language use across the lifetime of individual speakers. Certain concepts, such as social network analysis or communities of practice, put individual speakers and their social embeddedness and dynamicity at the center of attention. This means that intra-speaker variation can be described and analyzed in quite some detail in certain historical data sets. The paper presents some exemplary empirical analyses of the diachronic linguistic behavior of individual speakers/writers in fifteenth to seventeenth century England. It discusses the social factors that influence this behavior, with an emphasis on the methodological and theoretical challenges and opportunities when investigating intra-speaker variation and change.

scholarly journals Hyperbolic markers in modeling hyperbole: a scenario-based account

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Carla Ovejas Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Meaning Construction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
The Real ◽  
Theoretical Context ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario

This article discusses hyperbolic markers in modeling hyperbole from the perspective of a scenario-based account of language use within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics. In this view, hyperbole is seen as a mapping across two conceptual domains (Peña y Ruiz de Mendoza, 2017), a source domain, here relabeled as the magnified scenario, which contains a hypothetical unrealistic situation based on exaggeration, and a target domain or observable scenario which depicts the real situation addressed by the hyperbolic expression. Since the hypothetical scenario is a magnified version of the observable scenario, the mapping contains source-target matches in varying degrees of resemblance. Within this theoretical context, the article explores resources available to speakers for the construction of magnified scenarios leading to hyperbolic interpretation. Among such resources, we find hyperbole markers and the setting up of domains of reference. Finally, the article also discusses hyperbole blockers, which cancel out the activity of the other hyperbolic meaning construction mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Influence of Family Language Policy and Social Networks on Language Attitudes and Language Use of Russian-Language Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-124
Author(s):  
Skirmantė Kubiliūtė
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Main Language ◽  
Linguistic Attitudes

Summary An individual’s linguistic attitudes and language repertoire are influenced by a variety of environmental factors. Linguistic research has shown that language use is highly influenced by language policies and social networks. This article seeks to analyze how certain language policies and social relationships affect one’s linguistic behavior. The aim of this study is to investigate the linguistic attitudes and language-use tendencies of Russian youth in Lithuanian cities. The participants of this study were Russians and Russian-speakers based in the three largest cities of Lithuania. Their ages ranged from 15 to 29 y.o. A total of 128 respondents participated in the survey. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to obtain the necessary data. The study revealed the main tendencies of language use of Russian youth, as well as the most distinct language attitudes in different cities. The results showed that the Russian community in Vilnius and Klaipeda is quite strong. The young generation tend to have stronger ties with other members of the group comparing to the Russian community in Kaunas. Russian remains the main language of communication in Russian families in Klaipėda and Vilnius. Meanwhile, in Kaunas, the Lithuanian language became the main language in both the public and private sectors. According to the collected data, school is one of the biggest influences in the formation of linguistic repertoire. A social network created in an educational institution might have even greater impact on a young person’s linguistic attitudes than family and its language policies. Other studies also showed that young individuals want to fit in, so they usually choose the language their peers use (Vilkienė, 2011; Geben, 2013 and others). Further linguistic research could examine larger groups, different ethnic minorities, observe the development of language use tendencies. Also, the information has to be updated periodically.

REQUESTING SPEECH ACT OF UTTERANCES IN OCEAN’S ELEVEN BY STEVEN SODERBERGH: A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Nurul Hasanah ◽  
Japen Sarage
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
The Real ◽  
Syntactic Form ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Actual Use

The term sentence and utterance are made different in terms that the former refers to syntactic structure, while the latter points out the actual function of such a structure in real communication. The same things apply to the terms request and requesting. The first term suggests the structural characteristics of sentence asking people to do something while the second term indicates the real sentence causing people to do something. The first deals with formal grammar while the second deals with pragmatics the actual use of language in communication.This article attempts to see requesting in its possible different syntactic forms as parts of speech acts in Ocean’sEleven by Steven Soderbergh. A pragmatic approach is applied since it uses context as a part of linguistic analysis involving the speaker, addressee, time, location, and genre in the conversation. A syntactic form of a sentence only cannot represent the real meaning of intention.The analysis of speech act of the conversation in the film brings us to an understanding that pragmatics encourage us to comprehend different kinds of setting to achieve requesting as a part of language use. Pragmatics as a branch of linguistics reveals mutual understanding between the speaker and the hearer.

scholarly journals ℓp-ICP Coastline Inflection Method for Geolocation Error Estimation in FY-3 MWRI Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinghui Zhao ◽  
Na Chen ◽  
Weifu Li ◽  
Shen ◽  
Peng
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Step Function ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sparse Regularization ◽  
The Real ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Geolocation Accuracy

Known as input in the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) data have been widely distributed to the user community. With the development of remote sensing technology, improving the geolocation accuracy of MWRI data are required and the first step is to estimate the geolocation error accurately. However, the traditional method, such as the coastline inflection method (CIM), usually has the disadvantages of low accuracy and poor anti-noise ability. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a novel ℓ p iterative closest point coastline inflection method ( ℓ p -ICP CIM). It assumes that the field of views (FOVs) across the coastline can degenerate into a step function and employs an ℓ p ( 0 ≤ p < 1 ) sparse regularization optimization model to solve the coastline point. After estimating the coastline points, the ICP algorithm is employed to estimate the corresponding relationship between the estimated coastline points and the real coastline. Finally, the geolocation error can be defined as the distance between the estimated coastline point and the corresponding point on the true coastline. Experimental results on simulated and real data sets show the effectiveness of our method over CIM. The accuracy of the geolocation error estimated by ℓ p -ICP CIM is up to 0 . 1 pixel, in more than 90 % of cases. We also show that the distribution of brightness temperature near the coastline is more consistent with the real coastline and the average geolocation error is reduced by 63 % after geolocation error correction.

scholarly journals Monofractal or multifractal: a case study of spatial distribution of mining-induced seismic activity

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eneva
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Point Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Limited Size ◽  
The Real ◽  
Induced Seismic Activity ◽  
Generalized Correlation

Abstract. Using finite data sets and limited size of study volumes may result in significant spurious effects when estimating the scaling properties of various physical processes. These effects are examined with an example featuring the spatial distribution of induced seismic activity in Creighton Mine (northern Ontario, Canada). The events studied in the present work occurred during a three-month period, March-May 1992, within a volume of approximate size 400 x 400 x 180 m3. Two sets of microearthquake locations are studied: Data Set 1 (14,338 events) and Data Set 2 (1654 events). Data Set 1 includes the more accurately located events and amounts to about 30 per cent of all recorded data. Data Set 2 represents a portion of the first data set that is formed by the most accurately located and the strongest microearthquakes. The spatial distribution of events in the two data sets is examined for scaling behaviour using the method of generalized correlation integrals featuring various moments q. From these, generalized correlation dimensions are estimated using the slope method. Similar estimates are made for randomly generated point sets using the same numbers of events and the same study volumes as for the real data. Uniform and monofractal random distributions are used for these simulations. In addition, samples from the real data are randomly extracted and the dimension spectra for these are examined as well. The spectra for the uniform and monofractal random generations show spurious multifractality due only to the use of finite numbers of data points and limited size of study volume. Comparing these with the spectra of dimensions for Data Set 1 and Data Set 2 allows us to estimate the bias likely to be present in the estimates for the real data. The strong multifractality suggested by the spectrum for Data Set 2 appears to be largely spurious; the spatial distribution, while different from uniform, could originate from a monofractal process. The spatial distribution of microearthquakes in Data Set 1 is either monofractal as well, or only weakly multifractal. In all similar studies, comparisons of result from real data and simulated point sets may help distinguish between genuine and artificial multifractality, without necessarily resorting to large number of data.

Research Note: Tourism as a Factor of Growth – the Case of Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1375-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Gabriel Brida ◽  
Lionello F. Punzo ◽  
Wiston Adrián Risso
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Real Rate ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
The Real ◽  
Long Run

International tourism is recognized to contribute to long-run growth through a whole list of diverse channels. This belief that tourism can cause long-run growth is known in the literature as the ‘tourism-led growth hypothesis’. This case study of Brazil can be taken as a specific test for such a hypothesis. In the paper, two different econometric methodologies are applied to two distinct data sets, showing that the results are independent of either data or methodology. On the one hand, annual data from 1965 to 2007 for Brazil as a whole are used for a cointegration analysis to look for the existence of a long-run relationship among variables of economic growth, international tourism earnings and the real exchange rate. On the other hand, high-quality data for the 27 Brazilian states, though for a shorter period (from 1990 to 2005), enable the use of the dynamic panel data model proposed by Arellano and Bond (1991). The authors show that the long-run elasticities between real per capita GDP with respect to tourism receipts and the real rate of exchange are 0.13 and 0.30, respectively. Finally, they compare their results with those of similar studies.

Language choice and terminology for national development in Negara Brunei Darussalam

Terminology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Language Use ◽  
National Development ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
The Creation

This paper considers the problems of development and use of new Malay terminology in Brunei Darussalam in the context of policies which have established Malay as the official language but given English a central role in the education system. While the National Bureau for Language and Literature is responsible for the creation and cultivation of new terminology and discourse, it has little influence on language use in the education system or in society generally. It seems likely that Brunei will follow Singapore in accepting English as the language of economic and commercial development, leaving Malay to fulfill a ritual and subsidiary role in which new Malay terms serve only as a passive record of equivalents.

Simulation of Laboratory Jets and Full Scale Exhaust Plumes (Keynote Paper)

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanford M. Dash
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fighter Aircraft ◽  
The Real ◽  
Exhaust Plumes ◽  
Rans Turbulence Models ◽  
The Subject

Recent activities at CRAFT Tech related to the simulation of high speed laboratory jets, their control via passive actuation, and the scale-up and revisions required for real engines and operation at flight are discussed. We focus on aircraft applications related to jet noise reduction with activities pertinent to varied missile jet/plume applications the subject of other review papers. Laboratory jet experiments have served to validate the RANS turbulence models utilized and are supplemented by LES studies to provide data sets not readily obtainable in the laboratory such as temperature fluctuation data needed for thermal transport modeling. Applications for a military fighter aircraft indicate that laboratory experiments cannot replicate the real exhaust environment and thus can only suggest actuation concepts that are promising. CFD is required to revise and scale-up these concepts for the real engine and to provide estimates of their performance in flight. Studies presented show the differences between laboratory plumes and real plumes, as well as the effects of plume/plume and plume/aerodynamic interactions which are quite appreciable and show a markedly different structure than that of the isolated jet under the same operating conditions.

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