THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES WITH VARIOUS RANGE OF EFFECTS FOR STRESS RESISTANCE  AND YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT SEEDS

The aim of the research is to substantiate the scheme of plant protection of winter wheat against perennial and annual weeds, including monocotyledonous weed species. This scheme provides high grain yield and quality standardized seeds output. To achieve this goal the production experiment was conducted. The experiment was repeated three times, the location of the plots was systematic. The predecessor was peas. The main weeds of winter wheat were representatives of the classes: Asteraceae (field sowthistle, Canada thistle, chamomile odorless), ranging from 15% to 24%, Cabbage – Brassicaceae Burnett (field pennycress) – 7-14%, Goosefoot family – Chenopodiaceae (pigweed white) – 1-6%, Vonkova – Convolvulaceae (convolvulus arvensis) – 10-8% and Poaceae (PPE foxtail, millet, chicken, wild oat common) – from 24 to 42%. The species composition of the weed is suppressed almost completely when using the tank mixture of graminicide together with the broad-spectrum herbicide (Lastik Top 0.5 l/ga + Balerina 0.4 l/ga). In average, per years of research the biological efficiency of this variant was 96%. The plants of winter wheat under treatment of crops with protection means against weeds receive stress, which is manifested in a sharp decrease of chlorophyll concentration in the leaves. The inhibition of plants is manifested regardless of the application of graminicide, herbicide or tank mixtures. Under favorable weather conditions for plant growth and development the chlorophyll concentration in leaves restores after 8 days of applying plant protection means up to normal. The highest yield of winter wheat, maximum yield of quality standardized seeds and the propagation coefficient factor of varieties is formed when using a tank mix Lastik Top (0.5 l/ga) + Balerina (0.4 l/ga), regardless of variety and year of growing. The use of graminicide Lastik Top (0.5 l/ga) in tank mix with herbicide Balerina (0.4 l/ga) suppresses the development of monocotyledonous species of weeds of the same Botanical group that includes winter wheat. The second component tank mix herbicide Balerina suppresses the entire spectrum of dicotyledonous weeds. This results in the improvement of conditions for the growth and development of plants, providing higher grain yield, quality standardized seeds output and the rate of reproduction of varieties.

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Enhanced nitrogen management strategies for winter wheat production in the Canadian prairies

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2017-0319 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

pp. 683-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

B.L. Beres ◽

R.J. Graf ◽

R.B. Irvine ◽

J.T. O’Donovan ◽

K.N. Harker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Nitrification Inhibitor ◽

Early Spring ◽

Nitrification Inhibitors ◽

Side Band ◽

Application Method

To address knowledge gaps around enhanced efficiency urea fertilizer efficacy for nitrogen (N) management, a study was designed to improve integrated nutrient management systems for western Canadian winter wheat producers. Three factors were included in Experiment 1: (i) urea type [urea, urea + urease inhibitor—Agrotain®; urea + urease and nitrification inhibitor—SuperU®, polymer-coated urea—Environmentally Smart Nitrogen® (ESN®), and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN)], (ii) application method (side-band vs. spring-broadcast vs. 50% side-band: 50% spring-broadcast), and (iii) cultivar (AC Radiant hard red winter wheat vs. CDC Ptarmigan soft white winter wheat). The Agrotain® and CDC Ptarmigan treatments were removed in Experiment 2 to allow for additional application methods: (i) fall side-band, (ii) 50% side-band — 50% late fall broadcast, (iii) 50% side-band — 50% early spring broadcast, (iv) 50% side-band — 50% mid-spring broadcast, and (v) 50% side-band — 50% late spring broadcast. CDC Ptarmigan produced superior grain yield and N utilization over AC Radiant. Grain yield and protein content were influenced by N form and application method. Split applications of N usually provided the maximum yield and protein, particularly with Agrotain® or SuperU®. An exception to the poor fall-application results was the SuperU® treatments, which produced similar yield to the highest-yielding treatments. The results suggest that split applications of N might be most efficient for yield and protein optimization when combined with an enhanced efficiency urea product, particularly with urease or urease + nitrification inhibitors, and if the majority of N is applied in spring.

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Winter Annual Broadleaf Weeds and Winter Wheat Response to Postemergence Application of Two Saflufenacil Formulations

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-09-00049.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 416-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

John C. Frihauf ◽

Phillip W. Stahlman ◽

Patrick W. Geier ◽

Dallas E. Peterson

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Weed Species ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Water Dispersible ◽

Leaf Necrosis ◽

Winter Annual ◽

Rate Formulation ◽

Water Dispersible Granule

Field experiments in winter wheat were initiated at two locations in the fall of 2006 and 2007 to evaluate winter annual broadleaf weeds and winter wheat response to POST applications of two saflufenacil formulations applied alone and in combination with 2,4-D amine. Emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and water-dispersible granule (WG) formulations of saflufenacil at 13, 25, and 50 g ai ha−1were applied with 1.0% (v/v) crop oil concentrate (COC) and mixed with 2,4-D amine at 533 g ae ha−1without adjuvant. Regardless of rate or formulation, saflufenacil plus COC and saflufenacil plus 2,4-D amine controlled blue mustard ≥ 91% at 17 to 20 d after treatment (DAT) compared with ≤ 50% control with 2,4-D amine alone. At least 25 g ha−1of saflufenacil EC was necessary to control flixweed > 90%. Excluding COC from saflufenacil plus 2,4-D amine reduced flixweed control from the saflufenacil WG formulation more than the EC formulation. Most saflufenacil treatments did not control henbit satisfactorily (≤ 80%). Wheat foliar necrosis increased with increasing saflufenacil rate to as high as 30% at 3 to 6 DAT, but declined to < 15% at 10 to 20 DAT and was not evident at 30 DAT. Saflufenacil rate, formulation, and mixing with 2,4-D amine also influenced wheat stunting, but to a lesser extent than foliar necrosis. Saflufenacil EC consistently caused greater foliar necrosis and stunting on wheat than saflufenacil WG. Leaf necrosis and stunting were reduced by tank-mixing saflufenacil formulations with 2,4-D amine without COC. Grain yields of most saflufenacil treatments were similar to 2,4-D amine under weedy conditions and herbicide treatments had no effect on grain yield in weed-free experiments. Saflufenacil formulations at 25 to 50 g ha−1with 2,4-D amine and saflufenacil WG at 25 to 50 g ha−1with COC can control winter annual broadleaf weeds with minimal injury (< 15%) and no grain yield reductions. The addition of saflufenacil as a POST-applied herbicide would give wheat growers another useful tool to control annual broadleaf weeds, including herbicide-resistant weed species.

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Impact of mulch tillage and fertilization on growth and development of winter wheat plants in clean fallow in Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2017_153 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 511-516

Author(s):

A. I. Tsyliuryk ◽

Yu. I. Tkalich ◽

S. V. Masliiov ◽

V. I. Kozechko

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Fuel Economy ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Grain Production ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

High Quality ◽

Soil Cultivation ◽

Fallow Field

In conditions of the northern steppe of Ukraine, while cultivating winter wheat after corn in clean fallow the expediency of shallow mulch tillage (disk, flat-cut (early fallow)) has been justified, which provides obtaining equivalent biometric indicators of plant growth and development, grain yield compared to the fall-plowing (the yield of grains for plowing is 5,24-5,50 t/ha, the disking is 5,17-5,60 t/ha, flat-topping loosening (early fallow) – 5,04-5,52 t/ha) on the organic and mineral background (stubble residues + N30-60P30K30). The autumn disk and spring flat-cut cultivation of the fallow field on the background of applying N30-60P30K30 ensure the annual yield of high quality grain of the 3d class (protein – 11,6-12,3%, gluten – 22,6-24,6%), and also contribute to fuel economy during soil cultivation – 22-29 l/ha and guarantee high profitability of grain production at the level of 110-123%).

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A comparative study of application of multifunctional fertilizers based on amino acids and trace elements for winter wheat

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20201700251 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 00251

Author(s):

Olga Shapowal ◽

Irina Mozharova

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Trace Elements ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

High Yield ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Nizhny Novgorod Region

The study of different complexes of new and innovative forms of fertilizers with the same ratio of trace elements applied in Nizhny Novgorod region in 2018 showed that the greatest grain yield increase to 0.45 and 0.435 t/ha or 7.8 and 7.4 % was obtained using trace elements and amino acids in doses of 1.5 and 3.0 l/ha. Similar results were observed when using amino acids in a dose of 2.0 l/ha. The yield Increase was 0.44 t/ha compared to the control one of 2.59 t/ha. In Ryazan region, the maximum yield was obtained using amino acids in a dose 1.0 l/ha; the yield increase was 1.4 t/ha or 28.6 %, while the control yield was 4.9 t/ha. Amino acid with microelements in a dose of 1.5 and 3.0 l/ha gave the high yield; the yield increase was 1 t/ha (20.4 %).

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Assessing the Weed-Suppressing Potential of Cotton Chromosome Substitution Lines Using the Stair-Step Assay

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112450 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2450

Author(s):

Mary Gracen Fuller ◽

Sukumar Saha ◽

David M. Stelly ◽

Johnie N. Jenkins ◽

Te Ming Tseng

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

Palmer Amaranth ◽

Chromosome Substitution ◽

Weed Species ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

Alternative Weed Control

Palmer amaranth is a problematic common weed species, especially in cotton. With the wide use of chemical herbicide and herbicide-tolerant transgenic cotton lines, Palmer amaranth populations have developed tolerance to commonly used herbicides. It is imperative to develop alternative weed control methods to slow the evolution of herbicide-resistant weed populations and provide new strategies for weed management. Eleven chromosome substitution (CS) cotton lines (CS-B26lo, CS-T17, CS-B16-15, CS-B17-11, CS-B12, CS-T05sh, CS-T26lo, CS-T11sh, CS-M11sh, CS-B22sh, and CS-B22lo) were screened for weed-suppressing abilities in this study. The cotton lines were tested using the established stair-step assay. Height (cm) and chlorophyll concentration (cci) were measured for each plant in the system. The most significant variation in Palmer amaranth height reduction among the CS lines was observed 21 days after establishment. CS-B22sh (76.82%) and T26lo (68.32%) were most effective in reducing Palmer amaranth height. The cluster analysis revealed that CS-B22sh, and CS-T26lo were clustered in one group, suggesting similar genetic potential with reference to Palmer amaranth growth and development. CS-B22sh showed novel genetic potential to control the growth and development of Palmer amaranth, a problematic weed in cotton fields. Future experimentation should implement more parameters and chemical testing to explore allelopathic interactions among CS lines and Palmer amaranth.

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Improvement of Weeds Management System and Fertilisers Application in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivation Technologies

Agriculture (Pol nohospodárstvo) ◽

10.2478/agri-2021-0007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 76-86

Author(s):

Nazih Yacer Rebouh ◽

Morad Latati ◽

Peter Polityko ◽

Zargar Maisam ◽

Nyasha John Kavhiza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Block Design ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Agricultural System ◽

Weed Species ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Wheat Production ◽

Cultivation Technology

Abstract Wheat production plays a central role in the Russian agricultural system and significant land area is dedicated to this strategic crop. However, the wheat enterprise is highly constrained by weed interference which cause serious yield losses hence minimizing production income. The main objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of three various cultivation technologies as basic, intensive, and highly intensive systems on wheat biological efficiency. Three weed species Echinochloa crus-galli, Stellaria media, and Viola arvensis, and three winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Moscovskaya 40 (V1), Nemchinovskaya 17 (V2) and Nemchinovskaya 85 (V3) were studied. The data was analysed as a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Weed density, biological efficiency, yield performances, and selected qualitative parameters (measured through protein and gluten contents) were determined as affected by different cultivation technologies. The results showed that the high intensive cultivation technology (T3) was the most effective in reducing weed infestation levels as follows (0.3 plant/m2 Echinochloa crus-galli, 0.5 plant/m2 Stellaria media and 0.4 plant/m2 Viola arvensis) with biological efficiency of 96%, while 81% and 90% were recorded with basic and intensive cultivation system respectively. Moreover, the highest wheat yield 10.6 t/ha was obtained by T3, with the greatest grain quality 5% higher than basic cultivation technology designated in T1. The results were variety-dependent revealing the intrinsic genetic performances and the different patterns of high competitive ability. The current results open real opportunities concerning the implementation of potent wheat production systems.

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Biological effectiveness of the range of disinfectants winter wheat seeds used in Krasnodar Territory

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202126203010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 262 ◽

pp. 03010

Author(s):

Natalya Anatolyevna Moskaleva ◽

Natalia Nikolaevna Dmitrenko ◽

Natalya Anatolyevna Sasova

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Root Rot ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Fusarium Root Rot ◽

Two Component ◽

Biological Effectiveness ◽

Active Substances ◽

Wheat Seeds

In the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory, the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with drugs against diseases has firmly entered the system of protection of winter wheat. The use of seed dressing agents minimizes the risk of reducing field germination, ensures good overwintering of the crop, while being one of the most environmentally friendly plant protection methods. The idea of the biological efficiency of the seed disinfectants applied in the conditions of the region will allow not only to purposefully select a disinfectant, but also to prevent the resistance of pathogens causing diseases of seeds. An analysis of the range of fungicidal disinfectants used in the Krasnodar Territory in 2019 showed that the range was based on combined disinfectants based on several active substances with a different mechanism and spectrum of action, as well as that the shares of one-component and four-component drugs in it were - 10%, two-component - 20%. Combined dressers based on three active ingredients were the basis of the range used, the share of such preparations was 60%. Analysis of the data obtained allows to conclude that the modern range of dressing agents used in the farms of the Krasnodar Territory is capable of almost completely restraining the development of the pathogenic complex on winter wheat seeds. The maximum biological efficiency at the level of 100% was shown by the preparations in protection against dust and kernel smut, while it was at the level of 96.5% in protection against fusarium root rot.

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Mechanical weed control in organic winter wheat

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2017.900 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Euro Pannacci ◽

Francesco Tei ◽

Marcello Guiducci

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Central Italy ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Weed Species ◽

Mechanical Weed Control

Three field experiments were carried out in organic winter wheat in three consecutive years (exp. 1, 2005-06; exp. 2, 2006-07; exp. 3, 2007-08) in central Italy (42°57' N - 12°22' E, 165 m a.s.l.) in order to evaluate the efficacy against weeds and the effects on winter wheat of two main mechanical weed control strategies: 1) spring tine harrowing used at three different application times (1 passage at T1; 2 passages at the time T1; 1 passage at T1 followed by 1 passage at T1 + 14 days) in the crop sowed at narrow (traditional) row spacing (0.15 m) and 2) split-hoeing and finger-weeder, alone and combined at T1, in the crop sowed at wider row spacing (0.30 m). At the time T1 winter wheat was at tillering and weeds were at the cotyledons-2 true leaves growth stage. The experimental design was a split-plot with four replicates. Six weeks after mechanical treatments, weed ground cover (%) was rated visually using the Braun–Blanquet cover-abundance scale; weeds on three squares (0.6 x 0.5 m each one) per plot were collected, counted, weighed, dried in oven at 105 °C to determine weed density and weed above-ground dry biomass. At harvest, wheat ears density, grain yield, weight of 1000 seeds and hectolitre weight were recorded. Total weed flora was quite different in the three experiments. The main weed species were: Polygonum aviculare L. (exp. 1 and 2), Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve (exp. 1 and 3), Stachys annua (L.) L. (exp. 1), Anagallis arvensis L. (exp. 2), Papaver rhoeas L. (exp.3), Veronica hederifolia L. (exp. 3). In the winter wheat sowed at narrow rows, 2 passages with spring-tine harrowing at the same time seems to be the best option in order to reconcile a good efficacy with the feasibility of treatment. In wider rows spacing the best weed control was obtained by splithoeing alone or combined with finger-weeder. The grain yield, on average 10% higher in narrow rows, the lower costs and the good selectivity of spring-tine harrowing treatments seems to suggest the adoption of narrow rows spacing in wheat in organic and low-input farming systems.

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Agroecological justification of winter wheat fertilization systems in the south-west of the Central Black-soil region

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017507005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 175 ◽

pp. 07005

Author(s):

Sergey Tyutyunov ◽

Pavel Solntsev ◽

Alexey Stupakov ◽

Marina Kulikova ◽

Al Dhuhaibawi Haider Khalaf

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Black Soil ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

The South ◽

Black Soil Region ◽

Fertilizer System

Under the conditions of the south-western part of the Central Black-soil region in the grain-and-plant crop rotation on the black-soil the typical maximum yield of winter wheat was 5.52 t/ha when using the organic-mineral fertilizer system as part of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N60P60K60 and manure in the dose of 40 t/ha according to the third level of plant protection (seed etching of herbicide fungicide insecticide growth substances) with maximum payback of 1 kg of mineral fertilizers with grain harvest increase – 15.5 kg. Yield increase at the 1st level of plant protection (seed etching) was 1.86 t/ha (68.1%), at the 2nd level of protection (seed etching of herbicide fungicide) – 2.55 t/ha (93.4%) and at the 3rd level of protection – 2.79 t/ha (102.2%). The highest increase from pesticides was 0.69 and 0.93 t/ha (15.0 and 20.3%), respectively. The use of such a fertilizer system is justified, in which the energy coefficient was 1.03 and 1.05. The design of an organic fertilizer system using manure does not meet the requirements of bioenergy efficiency at all levels of plant protection (Кee = 0.79-0.87).

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Effects of density and spatial pattern of winter wheat on suppression of different weed species

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-04-144r2.1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 690-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Jannie Olsen ◽

Lars Kristensen ◽

Jacob Weiner

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Uniform Grid ◽

First Year ◽

Weed Species ◽

Weed Biomass ◽

Uniform Pattern ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Total Crop

Field experiments on suppression of three species (scentless chamomile, field poppy, and canola) by winter wheat sown in two different spatial patterns (normal 12.8-cm rows and a uniform, grid-like pattern) and three densities (204, 449, and 721 plants m−2) in two growing seasons were performed. The effects of crop-sowing density and pattern when weeds were controlled by herbicide were also investigated in one season. Weed and crop biomass were measured when weed biomass was at its maximum (late June/early July), and grain was harvested in August. Weed biomass comprised on average 30% of the total (crop + weed) biomass in the first year and only 5% in the second year. Weed biomass decreased and grain yield increased with increasing sowing density. Weed biomass was on average 23% lower and grain yield 14% higher in the uniform pattern than in rows. Weed biomass decreased 27% and 38% in the row pattern and 36% and 50% in the uniform pattern by increasing sowing density from low to medium and from low to high density, respectively. When weeds were controlled with herbicide, increasing sowing density had no influence on grain yield, but grain yield was 7% higher in the uniform pattern. Field poppy was the weed with the largest biomass and the largest impact on yield, whereas canola had the lowest biomass and the least impact on yield.

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