COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND DIRECTION OF PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION OF THYME HERB EXTRACT (THYME CREEPING) (THYHMUS SERPYL-LUM L., FAMILY OF CLEAR-FLOWERED - LAMIACEAC) (MESSAGES IV)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
V. Platonov ◽  
B. Valentinov ◽  
G. Suhih ◽  
M. Volchaeva ◽  
V. Dunaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Structural Formulas ◽  
Exhaustive Extraction ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The purpose of the study is to show the expediency of sequentially extracting herbal medicinal raw mate-rials with solvents in order of increasing their polarity, to reveal the nature of the distribution of both different groups of compounds and individual ones in the organic matter of thyme (thyme creeping). Re-sults and their discussion. The results of comparative characterization of the chemical composition and direction of pharmacological action of n-hexane, choroform and ethanol extracts of sequential exhaustive extraction of thyme herb (creeping thyme) obtained using chromatography-mass spectrometry, mass spectra and structural formulas of individual compounds, which were identified in 162 (n-hexane), 101 (chloroform) and 150 (ethanol) extracts. The influence of the nature of the solvent on both the yield of extracts and the structural and group composition of the latter, the features of the structural organization of the extracted compounds have been established, the specificity of the direction of the pharmacologi-cal action of each of the extracts, which made it possible to justify the expediency of successive exhaustive extraction of the initial medicinal raw materials with solvents in ascending order of their polarity.

COTTONWEED MARSH (MARSH). CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
V. Platonov ◽  
V. Dunaev ◽  
G. Suhih ◽  
M. Shatskiy ◽  
M. Volochaeva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Structural Group ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structural Formulas ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sulfur Containing

For the first time, a detailed study of the chemical composition of ethanol extract of dried marsh (swamp), a product obtained after preliminary exhaustive last ex-traction with n-hexane, toluene, chloroform and acetone was performed. Chromatography-mass spectrometry made it possible to identify 119 individual compounds in this extract with the determination of their quantitative content, mass spectra and structural formulas, and the calculation of the structural-group composition was performed. A characteristic feature of the extract is the presence of significant amounts of nitrogen and sulfur-containing compounds (20.04), esters (21.47), sterols (18.54), carboxylic acids (8.15) and hydrocarbons (7.15) (wt. % of the extract). In addition, the extract contains phenols, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols and glycosides: 5.01; 4.34; 4.88; 3.16 and 3.12 (wt. % of the extract), respectively. Dominance in the extract of nitrogen-sulfur-containing and compounds; environment of sterols-betulin and its derivatives, esters, as well as the presence of different structure of phenols, glycosides, aldehydes and alcohols makes it possible to assume a wide range of pharmacological activity of drugs based on ethanol extract of dried marsh (marsh).

scholarly journals Investigations of quartz raw materials from the locality of Rekovac muncipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-274
Author(s):  
Slavica Mihajlovic ◽  
Zivko Sekulic ◽  
Jovica Stojanovic ◽  
Vladan Kasic ◽  
Iroslav Sokic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Potential Applications

Quality of raw materials, including quartz sand and quartzite, varies from one deposit to another. Furthermore, the material quality determines in which industrial branches it can be used after certain preparation processes. Potential applications of quartz raw materials are: in the construction and refractory industry, ceramics and glass industry, then in metallurgy, foundry and also in production of water treatment filters. Geological investigations of the central Serbia region, in the Rekovac municipality, resulted in identification of occurrence of quartz sand ("Ursula") and quartzite ("Velika Krusevica"). Preliminary laboratory tests and characterization of the quartz sand size fraction -0.63+0.1 mm confirmed the possibility of applying this size fraction in the construction materials industry, while the quartzite can be used in refractory, glass and metallurgy industries. After determining the geological reserve of quartz sand "Ursula" and quartzite "Velika Krusevica", detailed investigations are required. Quality conditions from the aspect of chemical composition and physical properties of quartz sand and quartzite are mostly clearly defined by a special standard for this purpose. On the other hand, there are also application areas where standards does not exist, but users define their quality conditions. This example is with the application of quartz sand in the production of water glass. Chemical composition as well is not always the determining factor for the application of quartz raw material. For example, for quartz sand used for sandblasting, grain form is essential. From the economic analysis point of view, the prices of quartz raw materials vary depending on their chemical and physical properties. After all, what needs to be pointed out is the fact that these raw materials are very widespread in nature and that their exploitation is quite simple. After the raw material is excavated, it is stored and further sieved, washed, dried and processed according to customer requirements. All of these processes are cheaper than preparing, for example, limestone, and significaly cheaper than preparation of metal ores.

scholarly journals Total Phenolic Content and Antibacterial Activity of Nut Grass (Cyperus rotundus L.) Extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Masfria ◽  
Yade Metri Permata
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Abstract. The objectives of this research was to study the macroscopic, the microscopic and phytochemicals characterization of raw materials, total polyphenol content and the antibacterial activity of nut grass extracts (Cyperus rotundus L.) against Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeroginosa.  The macroscopic and the microscopic characterization of raw materials were done with the determination of the water contents, the water soluble contents, the ethanol soluble contents, total ash and acid soluble ash. The extract was prepared by percolation using n-hexane, ethanol, and ethyl acetate as solvents. Phytochemical screening was done on the raw materials as well as n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts. Total phenol contents were tested with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method. The antibacterial activity test was done by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones using the diffusion agar method.  The results showed that raw material retrieved 7.33% water content, 21.85% water soluble contents, 7.9% ethanol soluble contents, 1.53% total ash, and 0.67% total insoluble-acid ash. The phytochemical study showed that the nut grass contains various secondary metabolites including flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, anthraquinone glycosides, and steroid/triterpenoids. The total polyphenol contents of ethanol extracts were expressed as catechin equivalents 1.1616 mg/g extract.  All of the nut grass extract showed antibacterial activity. Ethyl acetate extract of nut grass indicated the highest antibacterial activity against Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Ethanol extract was only effective against Staphylococcus epidermidis.   Keywords: Antibacterial Activity, Bacteria, Cyperus Rotundus L Extracts, Phenolic

scholarly journals LC-ESI-HRMS-Based Chemical Characterization of Lupinus bogotensis Roots

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-211
Author(s):  
Lorena Vargas-Medina ◽  
Lydia F. Yamaguchi ◽  
Ericsson Coy-Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Tentative Identification ◽  
Resolution Mass

Plants of the genus Lupinus (Fabaceae) have been studied due to the occurrence of different compounds, especially those possessing quinolizidine and isoflavone-like structures. These kinds of compounds are characterized by both medical and industrial applications, providing various benefits to human being. However, organs such as roots have not been equally studied and there is a lack of such records for native species. Therefore, in the present study, the chemical composition of nodulated roots from greenhouse-established L. bogotensis plants was determined. The resulting crude ethanolic extract was then analyzed by LC/HRMS and chemical nature of most compounds was determined by analyzing the high resolution mass spectra. Recorded profile showed adequate separation allowing tentative identification of detected compounds. 47 secondary metabolites (mainly isoflavones and quinolizidine-type compounds) were thus identified. Most phenolic compounds were found to be conjugated flavonoids (e.g., genistin and genistein malonylglucoside) and lupanine, sparteine and hydroxylupanine were noticed as the main alkaloids. Among alkaloid-like compounds, dehydromitomycin C, a compound produced by Streptomyces caespitosus was identified. Lupadienediol (a lupane-type triterpene recognized for being involved in rhizobacteria:legumes symbiosis) was the only terpene-related component identified in the extract. The present work corresponds to the first report on the chemical composition of L. bogotensis root and constitutes an adequate basis for phytoconstituents finding from nature to support the use of native species.

CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY OF CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF YARROW (ACHILLED MILLEFOLIUM L. COMMON DANDELION) (message III)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Hadarcev ◽  
G. Suhih ◽  
V. Platonov ◽  
M. Volochaeva ◽  
V. Dunaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Formulas ◽  
Common Dandelion

The purpose of the study is to detail the information about the peculiarities of the chemical composition and structural organization of different groups of compounds of organic matter, yarrow, revealing the influence of nature of the extractant on the qualitative composition and quantitative content of extractable compounds in the obtained chloroform extract, and identifying new pharmacological actions of the latter, the extension of the range of compounds already known in the literature on herbal medicine. Materials and methods of research. The chemical composition of the chloroform extract was studied by chromatography-mass spectrometry under the following conditions. The chemical composition of the ethanol extract of yarrow was used by chromatography-mass spectrometry under the following conditions. GC-2010 gas chromatograph connected to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer GCMS-TQ-8030 running GCMS Solution 4.11 software. Identification and quantitative determination of the content of compounds were performed under the following chromatography conditions: sample input with flow division (1:10), ZB-5MS column (30m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 mm), injector temperature 280 °C, carrier gas-helium, gas velocity through the column 29 ml/min. Conclusion. For the first time, the chemical composition of chloroform extract, a product of sequential exhaustive extraction of yarrow by chromatography —  mass spectrometry, was studied, which allows identifying 94 individual compounds for which mass spectra and structural formulas were obtained, the quantitative content was determined, and the structural and group composition of the extract was calculated. The basis of the composition of the chloroform extract is determined by hydrocarbons enriched with arenes, alkenes and alkynes, esters formed mainly by oxalic and benzoic acids, polyunsaturated fatty carboxylic acids, steroid compounds, alcohols, nitrogen-containing structures that include individual fragments of natural alkaloids, as well as a variety of organosilicon compounds that determine the main directions of pharmacological action of various yarrow preparations, including chloroform extract.

scholarly journals Thermogravimetric analysis for characterization of the pellets produced with different forest and agricultural residues

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Andreia Brand ◽  
Ricardo Ritter de Souza Barnasky ◽  
Carolina Alves Carvalho ◽  
Rodrigo Buss ◽  
Deyvis Borges Waltrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Agricultural Materials

ABSTRACT: The pelleting of forest and agricultural materials, mainly because many residues from both industries can be used in this process, has been an alternative in obtaining added value products to energy generation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the energy quality of the pellets produced from forest and agricultural residues as raw materials and to verify the utility of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) in characterizing the behavior of the pellets during the combustion process. Four residues were used: (1) Pinus spp. woodchips, (2) apple pruning residues, (3) aciculated dry branches of Araucaria angustifolia and (4) A. angustifolia empty-seeds. Chemical composition of the raw materials was determined and the physical and energetic properties of the pellets were analysed. Plus, the proximate analysis of the pellets was carried out. The samples were submitted to TGA with a heating rate of 20ºC min-1 from room temperature to 1000ºC, in a N2 atmosphere. The variation of chemical composition of each residue was determinant in the characterization of each stage of the thermal degradation. Stages and events of the degradation were closely linked to the chemical and energetic nature of the samples. Use of TGA to characterize the thermal degradation of the pellets produced with different forest and agricultural residues was demonstrated as an efficient technique to quantify and qualify the events that occurred in each stage of the combustion of these biofuels.

scholarly journals Advanced characterization of microbeads replacement from cellulose acetate based on empty fruit bunches and dried jackfruit leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 04045
Author(s):  
Dewi Tristantini ◽  
Andersen Yunan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
The World

The existing polymer microbeads for skin extraction ingredients have many disadvantages in environment. The application of cellulose has been proven in the pharmaceutical field in the form of beads on drug release can be a substitute alternative to polymer microbeads that will be prohibited. Based on several criteria and past researches, cellulose acetate meets the criteria for microbeads replacement. Cellulose is available in large quantities in the world, and many studies has proven its application on a wide scope. Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) and Dried Jackfruit Leaves (DJL) are widely distributed raw materials in Indonesia so that they can be used as a substitute for microbeads. The FTIR and SEM-EDX tests were conducted to determine the functional groups of cellulose acetate and morphology formation of cellulose acetate both raw materials and their chemical composition. In FTIR testing, the typical absorption of EFB and DJL cellulose acetate is produced by C=O groups for EFB at wavelength 1721,36 cm-1 and DJL at wavelength 1725,22 cm-1, whereas at SEM-EDX, DJL cellulose acetate asymmetrical cylinders and rare small pores on the surface and cellulose acetate TKKS cylindrical symmetrical with small pores on its surface. The chemical components of EFB and DJL cellulose acetate exhibit organic elements of carbon (C) and oxygen (O).

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BY-PRODUCTS OF CONIFEROUS RAW MATERIALS PROCESSING

2019 ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Татьяна (Tat'yana) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Хуршкайнен (Hurshkainen) ◽  
Владимир (Vladimir) Иванович (Ivanovich) Терентьев (Terentyev) ◽  
Наталья (Natal'ya) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) Скрипова (Skripova) ◽  
Наталья (Natal'ya) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) Никонова (Nikonova) ◽  
Алла (Alla) Альбертовна (Al'bertovna) Королева (Korolyova)
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Micro Elements ◽  
By Products

Development of natural biological products – an actual problem of rational and economical use of wood bioresources with which Russia is rich. The coniferous raw material is a source of biologically active extractive compounds possessing immunostimulating, fungicidal, bactericidal activity. Company «Ecovit» makes food and cosmetic production from Pinus Silvestris L., Abies sibirica and Pinus sibirica R. Maur wood greenery. This paper presents results of research of a chemical composition of the by-products formed in coniferous essential oils processing: residue after distillation and florentine water. The extraction of these products is carried out by petroleum ether, diethyl ether, ethyl-acetate consistently and quantitative maintenance of extractive compounds is certain. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of macro- and micro-elements in investigated samples is lead. Chemical structure of extractive compounds is characterized with use of physicochemical meth-ods.  In residue after distillation of Abies and Pinus wood greenery carotenoids, natural phenolic com-pounds, carboxylic acids are identified. Ethanol extracts of the fulfilled pine and cedar raw material contain sesqui- and diterpenes, polyprenols, carotenoids, fat acids and phenolic compounds. In Abies ethanol extracts maltol and triterpenoids are identified. The basic components of pine florentine water are monoterpenoids. The received results cause practical application of by-products of coniferous raw material processing for obtaining of biologically active additives, preparations for agriculture, pharmacology, perfumer-cosmetic production.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of the lipids in femoral gland secretions of wild male tegu lizards, Salvator merianae (Squamata, Teiidae) in comparison with captive-bred males

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 443-449
Author(s):  
Carolina N. Ramiro ◽  
José Martín ◽  
Pedro Ismael da Silva Junior ◽  
Hugo B. A. Pinto ◽  
Arnaldo José C. Magalhães Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Femoral Gland Secretions ◽  
Femoral Secretions

AbstractAlthough chemical interactions play an essential role in lizard social behavior, the chemical composition of the femoral gland secretions that many lizards use for communication is known for only a few species, mainly European Lacertids. The tegu lizard, Salvator merianae, is the only species of the Teiidae family for which there is available information on lipids in femoral secretions, but only for captive bred males from Argentina. Here, based on mass spectra obtained by GC-MS, we found 69 lipophilic compounds in femoral gland secretions of wild males S. merianae from Brazil, including cholesterol and high amounts of saturated fatty acids (mainly hexadecanoic and octadecanoic). We found contrasting differences between wild and captive-bred males, which lack cholesterol but present high amount of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid. These within-species differences between wild and captive lizards strongly suggest the important influence of different diets on the chemical composition of the femoral gland secretion and suggest caution when interpreting results from captive animals, even in the same species.

BÖHLER W403 VMR

Alloy Digest ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Diffusion Annealing ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Böhler (or Boehler) W403 VMR is a tool steel with outstanding properties, based not only on a modified chemical composition, but on the selection of highly clean raw materials for melting, remelting under vacuum (VMF), optimized diffusion annealing, and a special heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: TS-721. Producer or source: Böhler Edelstahl GmbH.

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