International trade

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Анастасия Руднева ◽  
Anastasiya Rudneva
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

The textbook examines the essence, place and role of international trade in the system of modern world economic relations and in ensuring international economic security, as well as forms and methods of international trade. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of pricing and state regulation of this form of MEO, including in the framework of the world trade organization, as well as trends in the development of international trade in the context of the transformation of its geographical and commodity structure, taking into account modern challenges and threats. The textbook is intended for bachelors studying in the direction of "Economics", graduate students, teachers and a wide range of readers interested in the discipline.

scholarly journals International trade in services: The role of international shipping

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 376-399
Author(s):  
Ivana Popovic-Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Merchandise Trade

The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is one of the World Trade Organization's most important agreements. This accord is the first and only set of multilateral rules covering international trade in services. It is a framework for international trade in services and a legal basis for resolving conflicting national interests. For the past two decades, trade in services has grown faster than merchandise trade. Currently, they represent more than two thirds of the World Gross Domestic Product. As the term services covers a wide range of intangible and heterogeneous products and activities, there has been an increasing demand for detailed, relevant and internationally comparable statistical information on trade in services. In the last ten years, the share of transportation services in international trade in commercial services was steady and amounted to about one quarter.

THE GEOPOLITICAL POSITION OF THE TURKIC WORLD AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT AND ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 389 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
Z.T. Imrani ◽  
M.R. Musaveya ◽  
P.Sh. Orucov
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Great Relevance

Notwithstanding the fact that our planet is characterized by scientific, technical, political and economic achievements from the beginning of the XXI century, there is still problems in development, socio-economic backwardness, and problems in the management and determination of borders between countries. The Turkic states, which recently gained independence, are trying to determine their geopolitical position in the political arena of the world, which is mainly associated with the development of their transport and economic relationhips. The favorable geostrategic position of the Turkic world countries, their location at the crossing of various transport corridors accelerated their integration into the world economic system. Therefore, the valuation of the capabilities of the Turkic states in the modern world is of great relevance. This paper uses historical, statistical, comparative, analysis method, systematic and other methods. Using these methods was carried out a geographical analysis of the geopolitical situation and the transport and economic relations of the Turkic world. Economic development, mutual cooperation, positive demographic dynamics and other processes in the modern world are among the interests of the Turkic world. Because the geopolitical situation in the Turkic world and its ability to influence international political situation serve the interests of the region as a whole.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARITIME TRADE IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-91
Author(s):  
Veronika Shcherbyna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Market ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Alternative Markets ◽  
The Impact

International trade is influenced by many factors: the development and deepening of the labor international division and the production internationalization; trade growth and economic integration with the common markets formation, free trade zones; international trade liberalization, reduction of the level of protectionism and trade barriers. The very first form of international trade was sea trade, since one of the oldest modes of transport is sea transport, which still retains its primacy in cargo transportation. Sea trade is a form of international economic relations, international trade in goods, the delivery of which is carried out using sea transport.The article examines the current state and trends in the maritime trade deve-lopment, identifies the main problems of the maritime industry and the risks that threaten the development of maritime trade in a pandemic, analyzes the prospects for the deve-lopment of trade with the participation of maritime transport in the world and in Ukraine.Trade tensions have triggered a restructuring of global maritime trade, as the search for alternative markets and suppliers has redirected flows from China to other markets, especially in Southeast Asia. UNCTAD experts note that the impact of COVID-19 on trade was most severe in the first half of 2020, when trade volumes fell by 15 %. But many countries never recovered by the end of the year. On the other hand, some states were able to successfully withstand new challenges and achieved an increase in their share in the world market, displacing from it the least competitive suppliers, which suffered as a result of reduced demand. The analysis showed that the structure of Ukraine's maritime trade was quite resistant to the emergence of coronavirus. And the significant share of agricultural products in production and exports is a confirmation of this fact. For the development of Ukraine's maritime trade and integration into the world economic system, it is necessary to develop and implement the capabilities of the national maritime economic complex, to protect the interests of Ukraine as a maritime power in the foreign policy and foreign economic spheres.Keywords: maritime trade, COVID-19 pandemic, export, import, maritime policy.

scholarly journals EKONOMI POLITIK DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INDUSTRIALISASI GLOBAL

SIMAK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Ely Steven Ingratubun ◽  
Wihalminus Sombolayuk
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

The dynamics of globalization and liberalization of the world economy are moving so fast, encouraging increased openness of economic relations between nations. Through various trade agreements, such as APEC, AFTA and CAFTA, competition is increasing. According to the World Economic Forum on global competitiveness, Indonesia was ranked 69th (among 177 countries studied) in 2004 and fell to 74th in 2005 .. The development of industrialization in the global economy is a step strategy in response to economical globalization. The involvement of Indonesia in the global economic cooperation has increased its national commitment, both in undergoing economic liberalization and in developing its national economic competitiveness. This research illustrates Indonesia's political challenges in responding to the dynamic changes of the global economy. So this research is in the form of a literature review of the literature on political economy about the development of global industries as one of the central economies of a country, especially Indonesia in order to stabilize future economic fundamentals. This study aims to find out and explore the role of political economy in the development of global industries in each country, both developing and developed countries and this research to determine the extent to which the role of global industrialization affects the economy of a country in the future.

scholarly journals The quality of port services – an important factor in port competition

2018 ◽  
Vol XIX (1) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Nistor F
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Services Quality ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Customer Perception ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Very High

Considering that transport on water is used in very high proportion in international trade, the port industry is particularly important for economies of countries with coastlines. The role of ports for the national or even regional economies forces the stakeholders involved in port administration to manage the activities and services offered by ports carefully. An important aspect of the port industry that can be observed or even measured is the quality offered to customers. Customer perception regarding the quality of port infrastructures is an indicator measured annually by the World Economic Forum. By considering the processes in a port, this paper studies the components of quality, the role played by automation, digitization in the evolution of port services quality and how customer perception can ensure port competitiveness.

THE ROLE OF THE OTTOMANS AND DUTCH IN THE COMMERCIAL INTEGRATION BETWEEN THE LEVANT AND ATLANTIC IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Bulut
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Present Article ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

AbstractThe present paper focuses on the role of the Ottomans and Dutch in the early commercial integration between the Levant and Atlantic in the seventeenth century. As an expanding trading nation in the world economy, the Dutch Republic played an important role in the commercial integration between the provinces of the Ottoman Empire and Western Europe. The growth of Ottoman-Dutch economic relations in the seventeenth century followed the growth of economic relations between the provinces of the Empire and Western Europe.Therefore, the two world economic systems, the Ottoman and Western European economy increasingly opened to each other. Le présent article examine les rôles respectifs des Ottomans et des Néerlandais dans le début de l'intégration commerciale entre le Levant et l'Océan Atlantique au XVIIème siècle. Nation commerciale en expansion dans l'économie mondiale, la République hollandaise a joué un rôle important dans l'intégration commerciale des provinces de l'Empire Ottoman à l'Europe Occidentale dans la même période. La croissance des relations économiques entre le monde ottoman et la Hollande au XVIIème siècle a suivi la progression des échanges entre l'Empire et l'Europe occidentale. En conséquence, les deux systèmes économiques du monde se sont de plus en plus ouverts l'un à l'autre.

scholarly journals US-China Economic Confrontation: Ideology, Chronology, Meaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Olegovich Vinogradov ◽  
Alexander Igorevich Salitsky ◽  
Nelli Kimovna Semenova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Trade War

In summer 2018 the United States launched a trade war against China. Before that, there was a chance that both sides would find a compromise, some hopes were still in place during bilaterial negotiations in May. However, new US tariffs on import from China were imposed in July and August with the total of $50 billion. Beijing responded proportionally. September brought another round of US tariffs worth $200 billion. The successful economic growth of China leads to the transformation of the world economic space, where the leading positions are still occupied by the countries of the West. The new US administration, fearing economic competition, announced a policy of containing China. In this case, Washington is going to violate the existing rules of international trade. The tension in the economic relations of the United States and China is growing. The authors look into the history, ideology and details of the conflict between two major powerhouses of the global economy. They try to investigate how both countries will be affected by the emerging trade war, which is also challenging the whole system of international trade regulation. Besides, the conflict between Washington and Beijing is understood as a fundamental shift in the world economy and politics where rising powers take the lead in globalization. For the first time in the history of Sino-American relations economic tensions between the two sides have reached such a scale. Analysis of their consequences far exceeds the standard methods of assessment of trade policy measures.

Methodological approach to studying differentiation of prices for goods in international trade

2021 ◽  
pp. 264-275
Author(s):  
Mikail Bekzadaevich Khudzhatov ◽  
Valentin Yur’evich Vakhrushev
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

International trade in goods is one of the most important tools for the development of the world economy. International trade meets the needs of the countries of the world in various goods, the production of which is absent in this country or does not fully satisfy domestic demand. Almost all countries in the world are interested in the development of international trade in goods. On the one hand, countries provide domestic needs through international trade. On the other hand, commodity supplies to international markets contribute to the inflow of foreign exchange earnings into the country, the establishment of international economic relations and, in general, can ensure the economic growth of the country. At the same time, excessive imports of goods can pose potential threats to the economic security of the state. Import of goods intensifies competition in the domestic market of the country with similar goods of national production. In this context, we are talking, as a rule, about price competition. The price of imported goods can be an order of magnitude lower than the prices of domestic goods, which is due to both economic factors and non-economic factors. In this regard, the countries of the world analyze price information on foreign goods in order to determine the reasons for the differentiation of prices for goods in international trade. As a rule, not a single price for imported goods is established, but a whole system of changes can be established depending on the same market conditions. This pricing system takes into account different market differences in different segments, different product options, different conditions of sale (for example, geographical differences in costs and demand), the intensity of demand in different segments, and different sales times of the product etc. The question of price modification arises for an entrepreneur when it is necessary to decide what prices should be set for consumers located in different geographic regions of a country. The article discusses a methodological approach to the study of the differentiation of prices for goods in international trade, based on the use of multivariate analysis of variance. The proposed methodological approach is aimed at identifying factors that have a strong impact on the diffеrentiation of prices for goods in international trade. Determination of such factors allows you to make optimal decisions in terms of controlling the cost of imported goods.

Modern globalization: development of glocalization and fragmentation of the world economy

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Yu. Arkhipov ◽  
Alexey N. Yeletsky
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Comparative Modeling ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Analysis System

PurposeThe purpose of the article is to analyze the contradictory trends in the development of the modern world economic system. The relevance of the topic is due to the multifaceted and ambiguous nature of regionalization, glocalization and fragmentation tendencies formed as the most important trends in the crisis of globalism.Design/methodology/approachBased on the classical methods of historical and functional analysis, system approach and comparative studies, the authors realized the research potential of modern methodological tools, alternative forecasting methods and comparative modeling, as well as special methods of economic globalistics and global political economy. Heuristic possibilities of the methodological–theoretical concept of glocalization of international economic relations are used.FindingsNew directions and opportunities for attaining regional and global geo-economic leadership are revealed and demonstrated. It is justified that glocalization does not lead to economic isolation in previously known historical forms but to priority realization of the interests of local economic entities included in the processes of globalization and subordinated to its patterns. Glocalization causes an increase in the role of local factors in the global development of the society, in particular of the global economy.Originality/valueIt is established that the so-called equilibrium zones (enjoying the advantages of an intermediary role in the interrelationships of large areas of the world economy, which are headed by geo-economic leaders) possess the potential for novelty in the dynamics of a globalizing economy. The article predicts the formation of a multidimensional and multilevel geo-economic multipolarity due to the reshaping of the global system of leadership in the world economy and due to the contradictory competitive relationships of its main centers.

scholarly journals The socio-economic perspective for post-crisis development of Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
V. Kashirin ◽  
M. Khalikov ◽  
A. Sysoev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Innovation Cycle ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

The article considers problems of Russian economy through the prism of technology, innovation, and investments. Economists and politicians put the issue of innovative socio-economic development. Further development of R&D and innovation of modern society directed an increasing share of material and human resources. In the new environment, the intensification of production involves not just improving some individual skills in the organization of the production process, but a sharp reduction in the innovation cycle, accelerate product updates, and applied technologies. The characteristic feature of modern world economic development is the transition of the leading countries to a new type of socio-economic move forward to build an economy based predominantly on the generation, dissemination and use of knowledge. The article considers a wide range of possible transformation of the Russian economic system in modern conditions. It attempts to justify one of the possible approaches to the transformation of the Russian economy in conditions of globalization of world economic relations and transition to a postindustrial economic system of all countries of the world on the path of building a “knowledge economy.”

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