scholarly journals Neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19. A literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 349-360
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Maria Krasa ◽  
Magdalena Kozioł ◽  
Halina Piecewicz-Szczęsna ◽  
Anna Łopuszyńska ◽  
Ewa Piekarska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Taste Disturbance ◽  
Cerebrovascular Complications ◽  
First Case ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. The first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection was identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The disease spread rapidly worldwide and the WHO declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated primarily with respiratory disorders, more and more research is focusing on neurological manifestations and complications.Objective. The aim of the review is to systematize and update the knowledge and available research on neurological complications among COVID-19 patients.Review methods. A systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted for studies. The following keywords combinations were used: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 infection, neurological complications, neurological manifestations, neuroinvasion, neurovirulence.Results. The disease in most patients is characterized by mild to medium fever, fatigue, dry cough, dyspnea, muscle pain and headache. ACE2, which is the receptor for SARS-COV-2, is ubiquitously expressed in a variety of human organs, including the brain. Following previous reports, these receptors are expressed in both glial cells and neurons. Many studies have reported neurological symptoms and complications among  COVID-19 patients. The reported manifestations include: smell and taste disturbance, non-specific symptoms such as myalgia, headache and dizziness, acute cerebrovascular complications, encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis/encephalitis, seizure and complications of the peripheral nervous system.Conclusion. Healthcare professionals dealing with COVID-19, neuroscientists, and the general public should be aware of the neurological complications of COVID-19. Further studies are needed to assess the incidence of COVID-19 neurological complications in different populations and  more analyzes are also required to understand the detailed mechanism of how the virus affects the nervous system.

scholarly journals Median Nerve Neuritis after Infection by the SARS-CoV-2 Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Marcelo de Pinho Teixeira Alves ◽  
João Pedro Gouveia Nóbrega
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Case ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
The Right

Background: The spectrum of neurological complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection is under constant investigation. According to numerous publications, occurrence of neurological complications can be about 36.4%. There are no reports to date of the occurrence of bilateral median nerve neuritis in the wrist after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case: A previously healthy 24 years old female was observed in March 2021 due to dysesthesias in both hands, associated with nocturnal discomfort and decreased grip strength. The symptoms started a month earlier with acroparesthesias. SARS-CoV-2 virus infection was in January 2021 and evolved favorably, with progressive remission in about 10 days. Prior to the infection she didn’t have any of the hand symptoms; denied diabetes or metabolic diseases. Negative tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection since February. April 2021, the patient returned with persistent dysesthesias in her hands. Normal EMG, however with Sensitive Conduction Speed (SCS) of 50 m/sec on the right wrist; on the left SCS 55 m/sec. Sensitive latency 2.8 on the right and 2.6 on the left. Amplitude 17 on the right and 24 on the left. MRI detected an increase in signal in PDFS sequences in both median nerves, in the carpal tunnel, with no detected variations in cross-sectional areas or masses. The treatment was a 30 days 150 mg benfotiamine in two daily doses. Discussion: There is a wide variation in the clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, ranging from asymptomatic patients to death. Most frequent symptoms are fever, dry cough, sore throat, dyspnea, myalgia, fatigue, chills, diarrhea, chest pain and vomiting, and the most common complications pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Neurological manifestations of viral infection can occur in about 36.4% and in 45.5% in severe disease. They include Guillán-Barré and Miller Fischer syndrome; however, these conditions usually occur in more severe cases of the disease, but this patient hadn’t the typical picture of ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and areflexia. Benfotiamine is a synthetic derivative of thiamine with a multifaceted therapeutic profile, with a therapeutic role especially in diabetic neuropathy. Conclusion: Knowledge and recognition of neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and early detection of secondary peripheral neuropathies result in improvement of patients' clinical results and development of ideal ways of treatment. Although only a small percentage of patients develop peripheral neuropathy, in a pandemic this can result in a major social and health impact. The reported case is the first case of bilateral secondary median nerve neuritis in the literature. Level of evidence 4.

scholarly journals Neurological manifestations associated with COVID- 19: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Yasmim Berni Ferreira ◽  
Flávia Maria Ramos Freire ◽  
Victor Oliveira Araújo ◽  
Isadora Mônica Ponte De Oliveira ◽  
Lara Maria de Oliveira Paiva Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Brain

The knowledge of the spinal cord irrigation is important for the therapeutic planning "COVID-19" is a potentially serious, highly transmissible infectious disease that was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 can evolve asymptomatically, with respiratory symptoms or with systemic manifestations affecting, for example, the nervous system. This review aims to discuss the neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, citing the prevalence of each. This study analyzed scientific articles published from 2010 to 2021 in the PubMed database. More than 35% of patients who contract the novel coronavirus develop neurological symptoms. SARS-CoV enters the brain mainly through the olfactory bulb and spreads rapidly via transneuronal route to other related areas such as cerebellum, insula, encephalon, vessels and nerves, and the brain parenchyma itself. This causes manifestations in the CNS (dizziness and ataxias), PNS (anosmia and ageusia), and the musculoskeletal system. Given existing knowledge of other coronaviruses and respiratory viruses, the wide range of CNS and PNS associations with COVID-19 is not surprising, and this is the focus of most current reports. Neurological complications, particularly encephalitis and stroke, can cause lifelong disability, requiring long-term care and substantial costs in the social and economic sphere.

scholarly journals Neurological Involvement in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Opancina ◽  
Kristijan Krstic ◽  
Predrag Sazdanovic ◽  
Nebojsa Zdravkovic ◽  
Ruzica Radojevic Marjanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Neural Tissues ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Common Target

The respiratory system is the most common target of COVID-19, however, various experimental studies and case reports have shown its affinity for neural tissues. In this chapter, we described pathogenesis and propagation of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the nervous system, potential routes of the SARS-CoV-2 invasion in the brain, as well as indirect effects of COVID-19 on multiorgan disorders. We have also presented all of the reported neurological manifestations in COVID-19 with an explanation of possible underlying pathways. Among patients who tested positive on SARS-CoV-2, various neurological irregularities have been described, affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In general, neurological complications in COVID-19 patients occur within 1 and 14 days, in most cases on average on the 5th day of the incubation period. We have demonstrated all of the reported neurological findings, whereas the most commonly reported were headache, dizziness, myalgia, hypogeusia, hyposmia, and impaired consciousness. More serious neurological conditions in COVID-19 included meningitis, encephalitis, and ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.

scholarly journals Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: A literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Suman Adhikari ◽  
Prabin Bhandari ◽  
Naresh Poudel ◽  
Nikunj Yogi ◽  
Balgopal Karmacharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Altered Consciousness ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
The Common ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Common Manifestation

A novel coronavirus that started from the Wuhan province of China is affecting the whole world. As of this date, more than 222 million cases are reported with more than 4.60 million fatalities. Nepal has more than 771,000 cases reported with almost 11,000 death recorded to date. Though most of the patients present with flu-like symptoms, people with comorbidities like Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, lung, and heart disease most likely suffer from severe disease and even death. As reported, neurological manifestations are common in critically ill patients. The most common manifestation of CNS is headache, dizziness, and encephalopathy whereas loss of smell and taste is the common PNS manifestation. Other neurological complications seen are fatigue, myalgias, hemorrhage, altered consciousness, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, syncope, seizure, and stroke. Non-specific neurological symptoms may be present in the early stages which can mislead the treatment. In some cases, neurological manifestations precede the typical presentation of fever, cough, and shortness of breath and later develop into typical features. The virus enters the brain through 2 systems: hematogenous route or olfactory route. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) is the port of entry to the brain for COVID- 19(SARS-CoV-2) which was also the entry point for SARS-CoV. Covid-19 cases are increasing in the world and prevention and control of spread are a must. Understanding the neurological invasion pathogenesis, and manifestation will help the neurologists and physicians on frontlines to recognize early cases with nervous system involvement, neurological complications, and sequelae during and after the pandemic.

scholarly journals Neurological complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 290-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Puppi MUNHOZ ◽  
José Luiz PEDROSO ◽  
Fábio Augusto NASCIMENTO ◽  
Sergio Monteiro de ALMEIDA ◽  
Orlando Graziani Povoas BARSOTTINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Neurologic Manifestations ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Critical Patients ◽  
Specific Symptoms

ABSTRACT Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds worldwide, different forms of reports have described its neurologic manifestations. Objective: To review the literature on neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Literature search performed following systematic reviews guidelines, using specific keywords based on the COVID-19 neurological complications described up to May 10th, 2020. Results: A total of 43 articles were selected, including data ranging from common, non-specific symptoms, such as hyposmia and myalgia, to more complex and life-threatening conditions, such as cerebrovascular diseases, encephalopathies, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Conclusion: Recognition of neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 should be emphasized despite the obvious challenges faced by clinicians caring for critical patients who are often sedated and presenting other concurrent systemic complications.

scholarly journals Posterior quadrantic dysplasia with localized hemimegalencephaly in a patient with giant congenital melanocytic nevus: First case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishan Kumar ◽  
Priyanka Aggarwal ◽  
Tulika Rai ◽  
Vineeta Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Congenital Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
First Case ◽  
Malformation Of Cortical Development ◽  
Cell Migration And Proliferation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neurocutaneous Melanocytosis ◽  
Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus

Giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) is associated with neurocutaneous melanocytosis and various other neurological complications. Its association with migrational anomalies of the brain is extremely rare. Herein, we document the first case of GCMN in a one-day-old baby associated with localized hemimegalencephaly (HME) of the brain with extensive malformation of cortical development including polymicrogyria, pachygyria and sublobar dysplasia, limited to an enlarged quadrant of the brain. HME and GCMN are considered embryological anomalies of cell migration and proliferation. We discuss the unusual magnetic resonance imaging findings along with a brief review of the literature. To the best of our knowledge, our case is the first to report the association of GCMN with localized HME.

scholarly journals Demyelinating solitary lesion of the central nervous system associated with COVID-19: a case report and literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1884
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alqwaifly
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Solitary Lesion ◽  
Altered Level ◽  
Cerebrovascular Complications ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
1918 Influenza ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in China and rapidly spread to the world to become the largest pandemic since the 1918 influenza. The disease has been identified as a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by a novel coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the typical presentation is respiratory symptoms, reports of neurological involvements are increasing, as more than one-third of patients with COVID-19 develop neurological manifestations. The most frequently reported neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients were headache, dizziness, taste, and smell impairments, and altered level of consciousness. More specific neurological complications were also reported in literature including acute cerebrovascular complications, seizures, meningoencephalitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Very few studies have shown CNS demyelinating lesions as complications of COVID-19. Current report described a case of a COVID-19 patient with an acute solitary demyelinating lesion in the central nervous system. I also reviewed and summarized the available related cases.

scholarly journals Neuronal and Cerebrovascular Complications in Coronavirus Disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudasir S. Andrabi ◽  
Shaida A. Andrabi
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Cerebrovascular Complications ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Cerebrovascular System ◽  
Taste And Smell ◽  
The Brain

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, primarily in the respiratory tract. This pandemic disease has affected the entire world, and the pathobiology of this disease is not yet completely known. The Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins with different cellular components in the host cell may be necessary for understanding the disease mechanism and identifying crucial pharmacological targets in COVID-19. Studies have suggested that the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on other organs, including the brain, maybe critical for understanding the pathobiology of COVID-19. Symptoms in COVID-19 patients, including impaired consciousness dizziness, headache, loss of taste and smell, vision problems, and neuromuscular pain, suggest that neuronal complications comprise a crucial component of COVID-19 pathobiology. A growing body of literature indicates that SARS-CoV-2 can enter the brain, leading to neuronal defects in COVID-19 patients. Other studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may aggravate neuronal complications due to its effects on the cerebrovascular system. Emerging pieces of evidence show that stroke can be one of the leading neurological complications in COVID-19. In this review, we describe the observations about neuronal complications of COVID-19 and how SARS-CoV-2 may invade the brain. We will also discuss the cerebrovascular problems and occurrence of stroke in COVID-19 patients. We will also present the observations and our views about the potential pharmacological strategies and targets in COVID-19. We hope this review will help comprehend the current knowledge of neuronal and cerebrovascular complications from SARS-CoV-2 infections and highlight the possible long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 on the human brain.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and the Nervous System: From Clinical Features to Molecular Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Pennisi ◽  
Giuseppe Lanza ◽  
Luca Falzone ◽  
Francesco Fisicaro ◽  
Raffaele Ferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Acute Polyneuropathy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact

Increasing evidence suggests that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can also invade the central nervous system (CNS). However, findings available on its neurological manifestations and their pathogenic mechanisms have not yet been systematically addressed. A literature search on neurological complications reported in patients with COVID-19 until June 2020 produced a total of 23 studies. Overall, these papers report that patients may exhibit a wide range of neurological manifestations, including encephalopathy, encephalitis, seizures, cerebrovascular events, acute polyneuropathy, headache, hypogeusia, and hyposmia, as well as some non-specific symptoms. Whether these features can be an indirect and unspecific consequence of the pulmonary disease or a generalized inflammatory state on the CNS remains to be determined; also, they may rather reflect direct SARS-CoV-2-related neuronal damage. Hematogenous versus transsynaptic propagation, the role of the angiotensin II converting enzyme receptor-2, the spread across the blood-brain barrier, the impact of the hyperimmune response (the so-called “cytokine storm”), and the possibility of virus persistence within some CNS resident cells are still debated. The different levels and severity of neurotropism and neurovirulence in patients with COVID-19 might be explained by a combination of viral and host factors and by their interaction.

scholarly journals Neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biyan Nathanael Harapan ◽  
Hyeon Joo Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Fisher Syndrome ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, is responsible for the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It is evident that the COVID-19 pandemic has become a challenging world issue. Although most COVID-19 patients primarily develop respiratory symptoms, an increasing number of neurological symptoms and manifestations associated with COVID-19 have been observed. In this narrative review, we elaborate on proposed neurotropic mechanisms and various neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications of COVID-19 reported in the present literature. For this purpose, a review of all current published literature (studies, case reports, case series, reviews, editorials, and other articles) was conducted and neurological sequelae of COVID-19 were summarized. Essential and common neurological symptoms including gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions, myalgia, headache, altered mental status, confusion, delirium, and dizziness are presented separately in sections. Moreover, neurological manifestations and complications that are of great concern such as stroke, cerebral (sinus) venous thrombosis, seizures, meningoencephalitis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome, acute myelitis, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) are also addressed systematically. Future studies that examine the impact of neurological symptoms and manifestations on the course of the disease are needed to further clarify and assess the link between neurological complications and the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19. To limit long-term consequences, it is crucial that healthcare professionals can early detect possible neurological symptoms and are well versed in the increasingly common neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19.

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