scholarly journals The rates of middle molecules in the blood in rats with different motor activity in alcoholic and non alcoholic exerimental hepatosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 385-395
Author(s):  
O. Denefil
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Middle Molecules ◽  
The Impact

Alcohol use disorders affect millions of individuals worldwide. The impact of these facts lies in the elevated social and economic costs. Liver metabolizes 75-98 % of ethanol that enters the organism. If the level of alcohol in the liver cells exceeds its degradation rate, alcoholic liver disease develops. The aim of the study was to determine the peculiarities of hepatotoxicity after simulation of of ethanol hepatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis of high and low-motor active rats. Material and methods of investigation. The experiments were performed on on 72 white outbred male rats. The animals were divided into three groups: control, non-alkoholic hepatitis (NAH), ethanol hepatosis (EH). Each of group was subdivided – animals with high and low-motor activity (HA and LA). Contents of middle-mass molecules (MMM) were determined in the blood serum. Results. The analysis of the results shows that the levels of MMM in blood serum are increasing. Dystrophic changes that appear in a consequence of hypoxia are noted in NAH and EH. Both morphological and biochemical changes were more significant in HA animals. The degree of MMM accumulation depends on the severity of the pathology and motor activity of the animals. Less activity of MMM238 is observed in HA rats, which can be explained by the development of multi-organ pathology. Conclusions. During our investigations it was found the significant increasing of MMM levels in blood serum in rats with ethanol hepatosis and nonalkoholic hepatitis. The accumulation of MMM is not only a marker of endotoxication, they also increase the course of the pathological process, acquiring the roles of secondary toxins, affect the viability of all organs and systems. The degree of MMM accumulation depends on the moto activity of the animals and simulated pathology and is more significant in highly active animals, compared with low-active in the ethanol using. Less activity of MMM238 is observed in HA rats with EH, which can be explained by the development of multi-organ pathology, in particular, renal impairment. Morphological investigations showed that the grade of liver injury was more significant in HA rats.

scholarly journals Dynamics of connective tissue metabolites in the blood of rats of different age under hypokinesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
D. Morozenko ◽  
F. Leontieva ◽  
K. Gliebova
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates

Topicality. Hypokinesia is a condition of insufficient motor activity of the body with limited pace and volume of movement, and is currently the fourth leading cause of endemic death in the world. It is known that hypokinesia can affect the metabolism of components of bone and cartilage, which is the basis for the development of pathological processes, but there are no biochemical markers of this process in the literature. Thus, currently, there is insufficient number of experimental scientific works devoted to the study of biochemical parameters characterizing the state of the connective tissue in the experiment to assess the impact of hypokinesia on the body, and this fact determines the relevance of the study. Aim. To study the dynamics of the main metabolites characterizing the state of the connective tissue in the blood serum in hypokinesia in rats of different ages. Materials and methods. The studies were performed on 42 white male rats aged 3 and 12 months, kept in the vivarium of the Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Pathology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv. The conditions of hypokinesia were reproduced using a specially designed device that limited the mobility of the animal without disturbing the ventilation of the body. Animals were removed from the experiment by decapitation in Day 7 and 30 of immobilization under thiopental anesthesia. The content of sialic acids in the serum was determined by the Hess method, chondroitin sulfate – by Nemeth-Csoka method modified by L. I. Slutsky, the fractional composition of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) – by the reaction with resoquine. Results and discussion. In the study of the rat serum, it was found that in intact animals of 3 and 12 months of age the content of sialic acids was different; it was 2.94 ± 0.16 and 1.98 ± 0.09 mmol/L, respectively. After 7 days of hypokinesia, their concentration in young animals did not change, but in older animals, this figure increased. By Day 30, the serum sialic acid levels suddenly increased compared to intact animals. In animals of 12 months of age, the concentration of sialic acids in the blood serum increased by both Day 7 and Day 30 of hypokinesia, especially at the end of the experiment. Hypokinesia also showed a significant increase in serum concentrations of chondroitin sulfates on Day 7 of the experiment in animals of both age groups. At the same time, the level of these metabolites on Day 30 was at the same level. In young rats on Day 7 the fraction of GAG remained unchanged, but on Day 30 there was a significant decrease. During this period, the second fraction of GAG increased. In animals aged 12 months on Day 7 and 30, the content of most GAG fractions was lower than the values characterizing the fractional composition of GAG in intact rats. Conclusions. Thus, the determination of sialic acids, GAG fractions and chondroitin sulfates in the serum can be presented as a set of biochemical tests to assess disorders of the connective tissue metabolism while limiting the motor activity of the body. It has been found that the 30-day hypokinesia causes significant disorders of the connective tissue, and it is reflected in changes in the biochemical parameters of the serum of experimental rats.

scholarly journals Non Concurrent Multimodal Stress Decreases Sperm Quality and Motor Activity in Male Wister Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1505-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothi Ashok Kumar ◽  
Thotakura Balaji ◽  
C. Swathi Priyadarshini ◽  
Manickam Subramanian ◽  
Indumathi Sundaramurthi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
The Impact

Every human being is exposed to the stress in one or the other form in the day to day life. Most of the existing studies on the impact of stress on the male reproduction were assessed by using single stressor, which may lead habituation to that stressor. The present study intends to estimate the consequence of stress on motor activity, sperm quality and histopathology of the testis in stress-induced male rats using multimodal stress one per day. Four weeks old Wister albino rats were randomly split into 4 groups and induced multimodal stress at different ages of life span. After induction of stress serum corticosterone levels, muscle strength and coordination, quality of sperm and histopathology of testes were estimated. Elevated serum corticosterone levels and body weight, reduced muscle strength, coordination. Sperm concentration and motility was significantly reduced and increased morphologically abnormal sperm in stress induced animals but sperm viability was not altered much. Histopathology of testes in stress received animals showed decreased tubular diameter and increased intertubular space. Multimodal stress caused elevated serum corticosterone and body weight, decreased motor activity, sperm quality and degenerative changes in the testis

scholarly journals CYTOKINE MECHANISMS FOR EARLY PERIOD OF EXPERIMENTAL BACTERIAL-IMMUNE PERIODONTITIS DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
A. Ye. Demkovych ◽  
Yu. I. Bondarenko ◽  
K. Ye. Yuriyiv
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Characteristic Change ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis

The article presents the results of research on the parameters of cytokine profile as mediator of immune defense, which was determined by the level of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood serum of intact animals and on the 7th day of the experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis development. Attention is drawn to the characteristic change in the indicators of the cytokine link of immunity at the early stage of the development of the experimental periodontitis. Based on these results, it was proved that the formation of the pathological process in the periodontal complex is accompanied by an imbalance in the system of cytokinogenesis for the early period of the inflammatory reaction development, indicating their modulating role in the regulation of the immune-inflammatory response in this modeled pathological process. The aim of the study – to determine pathogenetic role of cytokinogenesis for early stages of the experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis development. Materials and Methods. The investigations was performed with use of white, non-breeding, clinically healthy male rats 150–200 g  of weight in conditions of vivarium. Experimental animals were randomly selected and divided into two experimental groups: the group 1 – intact animals, control; the group 2 – animals with an experimental periodontitis on the 7th day. Experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis in experimental animals was caused by introducing into the tissue of the periodontal complex a mixture of microorga­nisms diluted with egg protein [10]. In order to strengthen the immune response, an injection into the rat's foot of the full Freund's adjuvant was performed at the same time. For further research the blood serum was selected, in that was determined the content of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10). Conclusion. Formation of experimental periodontitis is accompanied by a complex of pathological changes characterized by reliable progressive increase of proinflammatory cytokines for the early stage of inflammatory reaction development, that prove participation of TNF-α and IL-1β in the periodontal diseases pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Біохімічні зміни в сироватці крові свиней хворих на трихуроз

2015 ◽  
pp. 124-126
Author(s):  
В. В. Мельничук ◽  
О. С. Назаренко ◽  
С. І. Назаренко
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Indirect Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
The Impact

Наведені результати гематологічних дослідженьщодо визначення впливу збудника трихурозу свинейна біохімічні показники сироватки крові інвазованихтварин. Встановлено, що паразитування трихурисівв організмі поросят призводить до достовірногозниження вмісту загального білка, альбумінів і зрос-тання вмісту загального білірубіну, непрямого біліру-біну й активності ферментів у сироватці крові.Отримані дані свідчать про залучення у патологіч-ний процес паренхіми печінки, серцевого м'яза і гла-денької мускулатури кишечника. The results of hematological studies to determine the impact of the pathogen of trichurosis of pigs on blood serum biochemical parameters infested animals are presented. We established that trichurises’ parasites in the body of pigs leads to a significant reduction of total protein, albumin and increase of total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin and enzyme activity in blood serum. These data suggest about involvement of liver parenchyma in the pathological process, cardiac muscle and smooth muscles of the intestine.

scholarly journals Beneficial effect of retigabine on memory in rats receiving ethanol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Zwierzyńska ◽  
Agata Krupa-Burtnik ◽  
Bogusława Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Retigabine belongs to the novel generation of antiepileptic drugs but its complex mechanism of action causes that the drug might be effective in other diseases, for instance, alcohol dependence. It is known that ethanol abuse impaired the function of brain structures associated with memory and learning such as the hippocampus. In our previous study, retigabine reduced hippocampal changes induced by ethanol in the EEG rhythms in rabbits. This study is focused on the impact of retigabine on memory processes in male rats receiving alcohol. Methods Memory was evaluated in various experimental models: Morris water maze, Contextual, and Cued Fear Conditioning tests. Retigabine was administered for 3 weeks directly to the stomach via oral gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Rats received also 20% ethanol (5 g/kg/day in two doses) via oral gavage for 3 weeks and had free access to 5% ethanol in the afternoon and at night. Morris water maze was performed after 1 and 3 weeks of ethanol administration and after 1 week from the discontinuation of ethanol administration. Contextual and Cued Fear Conditioning tests were carried out after 24 h and 72 h of alcohol discontinuation. Results The drug significantly decreased ethanol-induced memory disturbances during alcohol administration as well as slightly improved learning processes after the discontinuation of ethanol administration. Conclusions This beneficial effect of retigabine-ethanol interaction on memory may be a relevant element of the drug’s impact on the development of addiction.

scholarly journals Vulnerability factors for mephedrone-induced conditioned place preference in rats—the impact of sex differences, social-conditioning and stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Wronikowska ◽  
Maria Zykubek ◽  
Łukasz Kurach ◽  
Agnieszka Michalak ◽  
Anna Boguszewska-Czubara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Social Conditioning ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Rationale Mephedrone is a frequently overused drug of abuse that belongs to the group of novel psychoactive substances. Although its mechanism of action, as well as toxic and psychoactive effects, has been widely studied, the role of different factors that could contribute to the increased vulnerability to mephedrone abuse is still poorly understood. Objectives The aim of the presented study was to assess the impact of several factors (sex differences, social-conditioning, and chronic mild unpredictable stress — CMUS) on the liability to mephedrone-induced reward in Wistar rats. Methods The rewarding effects of mephedrone in male and female rats were assessed using the conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure. Furthermore, the impact of social factor and stress was evaluated in male rats using social-CPP and CMUS-dependent CPP, respectively. Results Mephedrone induced classic-CPP in female (10 mg/kg), as well as in male (10 and 20 mg/kg) rats. However, the impact of mephedrone treatment during social-CPP was highly dose-dependent as the rewarding effects of low dose of mephedrone (5 mg/kg; non-active in classic-CPP) were potentiated when administered during social-conditioning. Interestingly, social-conditioning with a higher dose of 20 mg/kg (that induced classic-CPP) was able to reverse these effects. Finally, CMUS potentiated rewarding effects of a low dose of mephedrone (5 mg/kg) and increased the level of corticosterone in rats’ prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Conclusions Altogether, the presented results give new insight into possible factors underlying the vulnerability to mephedrone abuse and can serve as a basis for further studies assessing mechanisms underlying observed effects.

scholarly journals The Effect of Maternal Immune Activation on Social Play-Induced Ultrasonic Vocalization in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Kinga Gzielo ◽  
Agnieszka Potasiewicz ◽  
Ewa Litwa ◽  
Diana Piotrowska ◽  
Piotr Popik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Social Play ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Maternal Immune Activation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adolescent Rats ◽  
The Impact

Prenatal maternal infection is associated with an increased risk of various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Maternal immune activation (MIA) can be experimentally induced by prenatal administration of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a synthetic viral-like double-stranded RNA. Although this MIA model is adopted in many studies, social and communicative deficits, included in the first diagnostic criterion of ASD, are poorly described in the offspring of poly(I:C)-exposed dams. This study aimed to characterize the impact of prenatal poly(I:C) exposure on socio-communicative behaviors in adolescent rats. For this purpose, social play behavior was assessed in both males and females. We also analyzed quantitative and structural changes in ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by rats during the play test. Deficits of social play behaviors were evident only in male rats. Males also emitted a significantly decreased number of USVs during social encounters. Prenatal poly(I:C) exposure also affected acoustic call parameters, as reflected by the increased peak frequencies. Additionally, repetitive behaviors were demonstrated in autistic-like animals regardless of sex. This study demonstrates that prenatal poly(I:C) exposure impairs socio-communicative functioning in adolescent rats. USVs may be a useful tool for identifying early autistic-like abnormalities.

scholarly journals Neurological Diseases, Disorders and Injuries in Canada: Highlights of a National Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garth M. Bray ◽  
Deanna L. Huggett
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Health Study ◽  
National Study ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada ◽  
Synthesis Report ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe National Population Health Study of Neurological Conditions, a partnership between Neurological Health Charities Canada and the Government of Canada, was the largest study of neurological diseases, disorders, and injuries ever conducted in Canada. Undertaken between 2009 and 2013, the expansive program of research addressed the epidemiology, impacts, health services, and risk factors of 18 neurological conditions and estimated the health outcomes and costs of these conditions in Canada through 2031. This review summarizes highlights from the component projects of the study as presented in the synthesis report, Mapping Connections: An Understanding of Neurological Conditions in Canada. The key findings included new prevalence and incidence estimates, documentation of the diverse and often debilitating effects of neurological conditions, and identification of the utilization, economic costs, and current limitations of related health services. The study findings will support health charities, governments, and other stakeholders to reduce the impact of neurological conditions in Canada.

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