scholarly journals Political Economy of the Agricultural Sector in a Review of Development Studies in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Naerul Edwin Kiky Aprianto ◽  
Amanah Aida Qur'an
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
New Order ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Systems

During the New Order period, government policy focused on the politics of development in the agricultural sector. The actual result was that the community could directly fulfill food needs independently (self-sufficiency) in the mid-1980s. However, this conducive condition had to end tragically when in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the agricultural economy suffered due to massive protection in the industrial sector and took place through a conglomerate process that laid the foundations of the economy. The history of the agricultural sector during the New Order period can be a precious lesson in building the Indonesian economy. This agricultural sector has been recognized as having an essential role in the national economy, which can be seen from its ability to contribute to the gross domestic product, employment absorption, job creation opportunities, increasing people’s income, and foreign exchange sources. This research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach with a library review design. In this research, it can be concluded that agricultural development in this era seeks to develop sustainable agricultural systems that must improve farmers’ resources and standard of living to be more prosperous. Therefore, the government must formulate a platform or grand strategy of agricultural development policy so that Indonesian farmers do not get caught up in poverty and unemployment

scholarly journals Congresses of the Moscow Rural Society: a system for the development of agrarian reforms. 19th – early 20th centuries.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-127
Author(s):  
Valentina A. Nokhrina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
Successful Solution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Central Scientific

In the proposed article, on the basis of the materials of the Moscow Society of Agriculture identified in the fund of the Central Scientific Agricultural Library. With the involvement of the developments of researchers on the history of agrarian thought in Russia in the 19th and early 20th centuries, forms of communication between the scientific and professional communities are determined for the modernization of the agricultural sector of agriculture after the peasant reform of 1861 of the year. The publication highlights the main forms of communication: the publishing activity of the Society, the organization of exhibitions and congresses. To assess the large-scale activities of the Moscow Society of Agriculture for 110 years, a brief overview of its practical work is presented, and the role in the agrarian rationalization of agriculture in Russian historiography is revealed. Members of the Moscow Society have made a significant contribution to the study of the state of agriculture, ways of evolution and methods of increasing its productivity. On the example of materials from three All-Russian congresses on agronomic assistance to the population, the organizational aspects of resolving issues of agricultural management in the regions of Russia. The role and significance of the public initiative is especially valuable today, when the problems of innovative renewal and modernization of the agricultural sector are becoming a national task. For its successful solution, the documents of the congresses can be useful, since they make it possible to trace the genesis of the processes of agricultural development in various thematic areas and economic zones in historical terms and to avoid possible mistakes in decision-making.

scholarly journals [National Agriculture Policy (Dpn3) & National Agro Food Policy: Analysis of Rice and Rice Foundation Foods according Islam]Dasar Pertanian Negara Ketiga (Dpn3) & Dasar Agromakanan Negara (Dan): Analisis Terhadap Makanan Asasi Beras Dan Padi Menurut Islam

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Mohd Borhanuddin Bin Zakaria ◽  
Amir Husin Mohd Nor Bin Mohd Nor ◽  
Noor Lizza Mohamed Said Binti Mohamed Said ◽  
Md. Yazid Ahmad Bin Ahmad ◽  
Juairiah Hasan binti Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Agriculture Policy ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
The Government

National Agriculture Policy (DPN 3) 1998-2010, and the National Agro Food Policy (NAP) 2011-2020 is the transformation of the government to improve the country's food quality. However, there are shortcomings in the realization of achieving food self-sufficiency level of at least 80%. This study aims to examine the needs of basic food supplies of rice from the perspective of Islam. The research methodology used in this study is content analysis, the data were analyzed through descriptive approach with a combination of qualitative approach of analyzing the text, including the analysis of documents such as official reports, circulars, annual reports, statements of position, financial plan, reports agencies, and transcripts. The study found that the concept of jurisprudence awlawiyyah in improving the quality of food and income country emphasizes on clean and halal food products. Implication of the study suggests that the development of agricultural land on which the agency involved is Ministry of Agriculture & Agro-based Industry must be given attention. The DPN and the DAN are  expected to play a role in promoting the growth of the agricultural sector and farmers in line with the development of holistic development. Key Words: National Agricultural Policy (DPN), the supply of basic food supplies of from the perspective of Islam.   Dasar Pertanian Negara (DPN 3) 1998-2010, dan Dasar Agro Makanan Negara (DAN) 2011-2020 merupakan satu transformasi kerajaan bagi meningkatkan kualiti makanan negara. Namun terdapat kepincangan dalam merealisasikannya untuk mencapai tahap sara mampu diri makanan negara sekurang-kurangnya 80%. Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti keperluan bekalan makanan asasi padi dan beras mengikut perspektif Islam. Metodologi kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian analisis kandungan, data-data yang  dikumpulkan dianalisis melalui pendekatan deskriptif dengan gabungan pendekatan kualitatif iaitu menganalisis teks termasuk menganalisis dokumen-dokumen seperti laporan- laporan rasmi, surat pekeliling, laporan tahunan, laporan jabatan, rancangan kewangan, laporan agensi, dan transkrip. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa konsep fiqh awlawiyyah dalam meningkatkan kualiti makanan dan pendapatan negara, menekankan produk pemakanan yang halal dan bersih. Implikasi kajian mencadangkan pembangunan tanah pertanian Islam ke atas agensi yang terlibat khusus seperti Kementarian Pertanian & Industri Asas Tani harus diberi perhatian. Dasar Pertanian Negara DPN dan DAN diharapkan agar memainkan peranannya dalam menggalakkan pertumbuhan sektor pertanian dan pembangunan petani selaras dengan pembangunan Islam secara syumul. Kata kunci: Dasar Pertanian Negara (DPN), Keperluan bekalan makanan asasi padi dan beras mengikut perspektif Islam.

scholarly journals Fenomena Penuaan Petani dan Berkurangnya Tenaga Kerja Muda serta Implikasinya bagi Kebijakan Pembangunan Pertanian

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Hery Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Government

<strong>English</strong><br />Qualified human resources with a good commitment to develop agricultural sector is one of the determining factors toward sustainable agricultural development. However, agricultural development deals with significant issue especially reduction in the number of young farmers. This paper aims to review structural changes from perspective of aging farmer and declined number of young farmers in Indonesia and other countries. Specifically, this paper identifies various factors causing the changes and describes the policies needed to support young workers to enter agricultural sector. The method used in this paper is both descriptive analysis and cross tabulation. The results show that aging farmers and young farmers decline in Indonesia keep increasing. The phenomena are also found in other countries in Asia, Europe, America and Australia. Various factors causing lack interest of young workers in agricultural sector, namely less prestigious, high risk, less assurance, unstable earning. Other factors are small size land holding, limited non-agricultural diversification and agricultural processing activities in rural areas, slow farm management succession, and lack of incentive for young farmers. To attract youth to enter agricultural sector, it is necessary to transform youth’s perception that agricultural sector currently is interesting and promising. The government needs to development agricultural industry in rural areas, introduces technology innovation, offers special incentives for young farmers, modernizes agriculture, and conducts training and empowerment of young farmers.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan memiliki komitmen membangun sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu faktor keberhasilan pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan. Namun, pembangunan pertanian menghadapi permasalahan cukup serius, yaitu jumlah petani muda terus mengalami penurunan, baik secara absolut maupun relatif, sementara petani usia tua semakin meningkat. Tujuan makalah ini adalah melakukan review tentang perubahan struktural tenaga kerja pertanian dilihat dari fenomena aging farmer dan menurunnya jumlah tenaga kerja usia muda sektor pertanian di Indonesia dan di berbagai negara lainnya, mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor penyebab perubahan tersebut, serta kebijakan yang diperlukan untuk mendukung tenaga kerja muda masuk ke  sektor pertanian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan tabulasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara umum fenomena penuaan petani dan berkurangnya petani muda di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Kondisi seperti ini bukan hanya terjadi di Indonesia, namun juga di negara-negara lain di Asia, Eropa, dan Amerika.  Berbagai faktor penyebab menurunnya minat tenaga kerja muda di sektor pertanian, di antaranya citra sektor pertanian yang kurang bergengsi, berisiko tinggi, kurang memberikan jaminan tingkat, stabilitas, dan kontinyuitas pendapatan; rata-rata penguasaan lahan sempit; diversifikasi usaha nonpertanian dan industri pertanian di desa kurang/tidak berkembang; suksesi pengelolaan usaha tani rendah; belum ada kebijakan insentif khusus untuk petani muda/pemula; dan berubahnya cara pandang pemuda di era postmodern seperti sekarang. Strategi yang perlu dilakukan untuk menarik minat pemuda bekerja di pertanian antara lain mengubah persepsi generasi muda bahwa sektor pertanian merupakan sektor yang menarik dan menjanjikan apabila dikelola dengan tekun dan sungguh-sungguh, pengembangan agroindustri, inovasi teknologi,  pemberian insentif khusus kepada petani muda, pengembangan pertanian modern, pelatihan dan pemberdayaan petani muda, serta memperkenalkan pertanian kepada generasi muda sejak dini.

scholarly journals [Agriculture Land Development Policy According to Islamic Perspective] Dasar Pembangunan Tanah Pertanian Menurut Perspektif Islam

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Mohd Borhanuddin Zakaria ◽  
Amir Husin Mohd Nor ◽  
Noor Lizza Mohamed Said ◽  
Md. Yazid Ahmad ◽  
Juairiah Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Government

National Agricultural Policy (DPN 1, 1984-1991, 1992-1997 DPN 2, 3 DPN 1998-2010), and the National Agro-Food Policy (DAN 2011-2020) was a transformation of the government to improve the country’s food quality. Various plans have been made through DPN and DAN. However, there are shortcomings in the DPN implemented with the aim of economic development alone. This study aims to put certain mechanisms for the development of the agricultural sector in line with the teachings of Islam which includes holistic human development. The research methodology used in this study is content analysis, analysing data using descriptive approach with a combination of qualitative approach of analyzing the text, including the analysis of documents and official reports, circulars, annual reports, statements of position, financial plan, reports agencies, and transcripts. The study found that the basic development of Islamic farmland is based on the concept of tauhidiyyah, rububiyyah, tazkiyyah, tanmiyyah, khilafah, insaniyyah, akhlaqiyyah which applies Islamic spiritual values including the preservation of the environment and the securities development.   Key Words: National Agricultural Policy (DPN), Development of Agricultural Land, Land Development Concept in Islam.     Dasar Pertanian Negara (DPN 1 1984-1991, DPN 2 1992-1997, DPN 3 1998-2010), dan Dasar Agromakanan Negara (DAN 2011-2020) merupakan satu transformasi kerajaan bagi meningkatkan kualiti makanan negara. Pelbagai perancangan khusus telah dibuat melalui DPN dan DAN. Namun terdapat kepincangan dalam DPN yang dilaksanakan dengan tujuan pembangunan ekonomi semata-mata. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meletakkan mekanisma tertentu agar pembangunan sektor pertanian selari dengan tuntutan Islam yang  merangkumi pembangunan insan secara syumul. Metodologi kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian analisis kandungan, data-data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis melalui pendekatan deskriptif dengan gabungan pendekatan kualitatif iaitu menganalisis teks termasuk menganalisis dokumen-dokumen dan laporan-laporan rasmi,surat pekeliling, laporan tahunan,laporan jabatan, rancangan kewangan, laporan agensi,dan transkrip. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa dasar pembangunan tanah pertanian Islam berteraskan konsep tauhidiyyah, rububiyyah, tazkiyyah, tanmiyyah, khilafah, insaniyyah, akhlaqiyyah yang menerapkan nilai-nilai kerohanian Islam termasuk pelestarian alam sekitar dan sekuriti pembangunan.   Kata kunci: Dasar Pertanian Negara (DPN), Pembangunan Tanah Pertanian, Konsep Pembangunan Tanah Islam.

Retrospective of Economic and Trade Policies Focused on Agricultural Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 177-195
Author(s):  
Khatai Aliyev ◽  
Ilkin Gasimov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Oil Boom ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Boom Period

The importance of the agricultural sector in the economy of Azerbaijan is high. This sector has always been at the center of economic reforms by the government. This chapter overviews economic and trade policies of the government focused on the development of agricultural production since 1991. Authors carry out analysis of policy changes during separate development stages. The research output presents agricultural policy before the oil boom as mainly devoted to achieving structural transformation from centrally planned economy to the market environment. Within the oil boom period, the government provided substantial fiscal and technical support to the agricultural sector as well as applied tax incentives to farmers but did not pay attention to the transformation from family farming to medium and large-scale production. However, fiscal and macroeconomic challenges of post-oil boom period forced the government to focus on increasing efficiency of the subsidies and incentives and implementation of further agricultural reforms.

scholarly journals Agricultural Policies and Rural Development in Nepal: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Deepak Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rural Nepal

This paper analyzes agricultural development in terms of policy and implementation in Nepal. More than two-thirds populations in Nepal reside in the rural area and most of them depend on agriculture. Subsistence form of agriculture is common in Nepal. Rural Area and agriculture are interrelated; like two parts of the same coin. The contribution of agriculture to national Gross Domestic Product is remarkable; however, it is declining over the decades. In fact, the agricultural sector cannot attract young people; the trend of migration from rural to urban is significantly increasing. The poverty is exceedingly marked in rural Nepal. The Government of Nepal emphasizes agriculture development in for poverty alleviation. Order to alleviate poverty, rural development, and national economic growth through the policy level. However, available data and qualitative analysis reveal that the outcome from the agricultural sector is not satisfactory due to several factors. In such situation, more than half of the population has been facing food insufficiency. Because of weak policy and implementation, the agriculture sector s been suffering poor outcome. In that way, the government of Nepal along with concerned authorities should effectively implement agriculture policies in order to reduce poverty and rural development. The agriculture-rural accommodating policies and successful performance are crucial for poverty alleviation and rural development.

FDI Trade and Its Effects on Agricultural Development in Nigeria: Evidence From Time Series Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oji-Okoro Izuchukwu ◽  
Huang Huiping ◽  
Abba Shehu Abubakar ◽  
Edun Adetunji Olufemi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
Quality Framework ◽  
The Government

Agricultural sector is seen as an engine that contributes to the growth of the overall economy of Nigeria, despite several government efforts the sector is still characterized with low yields and limited areas under cultivation due to government dependence on mono-agricultural economy based on oil. This study attempts to evaluate the impacts of FDI, trade and its effects on agricultural sector development in Nigeria between the periods of 1980-2009, in analyzing the variables (VAR) model was used employing a three-step procedure. The Unit root test was conducted using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philips-Parron (PP). Johansen and Juselius multivariate Cointregration test indicate that there is a present of cointregration. Granger causality test result shows that the variables employed have a bidirectional relationship, unidirectional relationship and no casual relationship. It is recommended that in order to boost agricultural output and develop the sector as a whole, more FDI should not only be sourced, there is a need for the government to provide legal and administrative quality framework and encourage more exportation of agricultural output that will enhance foreign exchange earnings and improve the competitiveness of Nigeria agricultural produce in the international market.

On the essence of management forms manifolds in agrarian sphere at institutional reformation

10.12737/6497 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Хисматуллин ◽  
Marsel Khismatullin ◽  
Хафизов ◽  
Dafik Khafizov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Considerable Work ◽  
Effective Development

An increase the efficiency of agricultural production is the most important economic issue at the present stage. However, according to the authors’ opinion, the sharpness of the problem for a long time is underestimated and continues to be underestimated in the agrarian policy of the country. The consequences of such attitude to the problems of agricultural development particularly had a negative impact on the results of the agricultural producers in 1991-1998 years, when investment in agriculture was sharply reduced, the production potential of the sector has been undermined. The agricultural production fell by 50%, compared to the pre-reform period, 88% of agricultural organizations were unprofitable. During 1999 - 2013 years, the government of the country, scientists carried out considerable work to ensure the effective development of agriculture. But, nevertheless, in 2013, the level of agricultural production was by 10.3% lower, than in the pre-reform 1990 year, the financials continue to worsen. According to the authors, so that to ensure the conditions for agricultural producers for effective functioning, expanded reproduction, it requires substantially to increase the level of state support to agriculture, to improve the economic mechanism of management, to develop management forms manifolds, under which we mean a rational, mutually reinforcing combination of different forms of management, based on different forms of ownership, ensuring the efficient use of available natural, labour, material and financial resources. In the paper the author’s definition of management forms is given. The development of forms of management and ownership in the agricultural sector should be seen as a continuous process. The composition and structure of the management forms in the agrarian sector will be updated with the development of market relations, economic conditions change.

scholarly journals Empowerment and Innovation of Peasants in Nisam District, Aceh Utara

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-217
Author(s):  
Alfian ◽  
Nazaruddin ◽  
Defi Irwansyah
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Business Partnerships ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
The People ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Impact

This research was conducted to examine the impact of empowering and fostering innovation of peasants as an activity that summarizes the values to build a new paradigm in agricultural development. The role of the agricultural sector is very strategic, not only in order to achieve food self-sufficiency but also in order to expand non-oil and gas foreign exchange sources. The purpose of this study is to see the impact of the strategy and pattern of relations between the Aceh Community Empowerment Institution (LPMA) in implementing the empowerment program and fostering farmer innovation in Nisam District, North Aceh Regency. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. The phenomenon of poverty for the people in Nisam District, North Aceh generally comes from the agricultural sector due to the lack of support for knowledge and business capital. This empowerment activity is carried out by the Aceh Community Empowerment Institute (LPMA), a non-governmental organization. Research shows that the optimization of empowerment and innovation carried out by LPMA has contributed to increasing community empowerment and also contributed to business partnerships for poor farmers to increase community empowerment.

scholarly journals Pule: Development Policy Sovereignty in Samoa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Avataeao Junior Ulu
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Research Show

<p>This study examines how the Government of Samoa (GoS) asserts development policy sovereignty when working with aid donors. Observations from findings of a review of development policy, and the author’s work in Samoa since 2002 suggested that GoS does in fact assert development policy sovereignty. The GoS is engaged with the global aid agenda and this is reflected in their development policy. The GoS is able to hold donors accountable to principles set out in high-level aid effectiveness forums. The outcomes of this research show that the GoS has a high level of ownership of their development programme and this is respected by donors. Samoa has a long history of independent thought and action. Through resistance groups such as the Mau a pule movement (Opinion of rule), Samoa stood up to the German and New Zealand colonial administrations between 1900 – 1961 and created a unique constitution when they became independent in 1962. Fa’aSamoa (the Samoan way) was central to the constitution and remains a strong part of Samoan culture today. It is suggested that the GoS officials use the Mau movement mindset when dealing with outsiders that come to Samoa. This is seen as a healthy way to act for a recipient country. Qualitative methodologies were used to keep the GoS at the centre of the research process. Interviews were conducted with representatives of the GoS, the private sector, civil society organisation and donors. All the interviews with Samoans were conducted bilingually. It was found that the GoS asserts its ownership over its own development through an educated, long serving, well informed and prepared public service. Due to a high calibre public service, officials know how to use donor resources to their advantage through the GoS development policy. Furthermore GoS officials are not intimidated by donors and are therefore not afraid to hold donors accountable to outcomes of high level aid effectiveness talks. The GoS follows the principles of the current global aid agenda in the contest for aid sovereignty - pule.</p>

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