scholarly journals In vitro Anti-candida Activity of Different Saudi Honeys and Honey Mixed with Taifi Rose Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 779-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anan Kalakattawi ◽  
Sana G. Al Attas ◽  
Sherif Edris ◽  
Ahmed Z. Abdel Azeiz ◽  
Ahmad F. AlGuthami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rose Oil

ABSTRACT: Candida albicans is a common human yeast that infect several epithelial tissues including vagina. The increase of drug-resisting C. albicans encouraged the researchers to find alternative treatment. Honey medical signatures such as bactericidal, antifungal and anti-candida made it a possible candidate for disease treatment. In addition, rose essential oil possesses a wide range of biochemical activities in folkloric medicine including anti-microbial activities. The present research utilizes honey alone or in conjunction with Taifi rose (Rosa damascena) oil as anti-candida agent to treat vaginal candidiasis. Three local monof oral honeys from different flower sources and/or geographic origins were tested with four concentrations (50, 80 and 95%), while two concentrations of the Taifi rose oil (1 and 2%). anti-candida activity of honey alone or in conjunction with Taifi rose oil was determined as well as phenolic and flavonoids contents were determined. Also, GC-MS analysis of volatile oils and alkaloids were evaluated. The results of this study indicated that acidity is within the allowed range for commercialization and long-lasting storage. All honeys tested inhibited completely the C. albicans growth at concentrations 80% and 95% either incubation after 48 or 72 h. Also, only Markh and Manuka honeys were completely inhibited C. albicans growth at 50% concentration. Also, C. albicans growth inhibited completely at 2% Taifi rose oil after the incubation periods of 48 and 72 h. The phenolic compounds and flavonoids were analysed by mass spectrometry analysis which revealed the Markh honey showed the presence of gallic acid and quercetin that proved to have antifungal activity. It could be concluded that mixed Markh honey and Taifi rose oil treatment was capable to inhibit C. albicans growth completely. Further research is required to determine the anti-candida activity of the mixture of Markh honey and Taifi rose oil in the human body as a new therapeutic drug to treat vaginal candidiasis.

scholarly journals IN VITRO AND IN SILICO STUDIES ON EVALUATING EREMANTHIN AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC DRUG AGAINST BREAST CANCER

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
ANITA ROY A ◽  
ANGEL MARY ◽  
INDU SABAPATHY ◽  
MANIKKAM RAJALAKSHMI
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
In Silico Studies

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the anticancer property of eremanthin isolated from Costus speciosus against breast cancer using in vitro and in silico approaches and thereby to develop eremanthin as a typical phytotherapeutic drug against cancer. Methods: The presence of specific biologically active extract was confirmed under GC–MS/MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) analysis. The cell proliferation inhibitory effect of the eremanthin was confirmed by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assay. In silico studies were performed to predict the targeted interaction of eremanthin with cancer proteins. Results: The GC–MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of eremanthin with peak value of RA: 20.03. The MTT and LDH assays revealed the antiproliferative activity of eremanthin on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The results provide stable interaction between eremanthin and cancer target proteins. Conclusion: Thus, the compound can be used as an effective herbal therapeutic molecule to treat cancer with further explorations.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals of Minthostachys diffusa Epling and Their Health-Promoting Bioactivities

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Immacolata Faraone ◽  
Daniela Russo ◽  
Lucia Chiummiento ◽  
Eloy Fernandez ◽  
Alka Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Health Promoting

The genus Minthostachys belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and is an important South American mint genus used commonly in folk medicine as an aroma in cooking. The phytochemical-rich samples of the aerial parts of Minthostachys diffusa Epling. were tested for pharmacological and health-promoting bioactivities using in vitro chemical and enzymatic assays. A range of radical scavenging activities of the samples against biological radicals such as nitric oxide and superoxide anion and against synthetic 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals, the ferric reducing antioxidant power and the lipid peroxidation inhibition were determined and ranked using the ‘relative antioxidant capacity index’ (RACI). The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest RACI of +1.12. Analysis of the various fractions’ inhibitory ability against enzymes involved in diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), and against enzymes associated with Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s diseases (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) also suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction showed more than 30 polyphenolic compounds, including triterpenes. The inhibitory cholinesterase effects of the triterpenes identified from M. diffusa were further analysed by in silico docking of these compounds into 3D-structures of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. This is the first study on pharmacological activities and phytochemical profiling of the aerial parts of M. diffusa, showing that this plant, normally used as food in South America, is also rich in health-promoting phytochemicals.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Antioxidative Effects of Helichrysum italicum and Helichrysum arenarium Infusions

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Katja Kramberger ◽  
Zala Jenko Pražnikar ◽  
Alenka Baruca Arbeiter ◽  
Ana Petelin ◽  
Dunja Bandelj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Stress Related Genes

Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench (abbrev. as HA) has a long tradition in European ethnomedicine and its inflorescences are approved as a herbal medicinal product. In the Mediterranean part of Europe, Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don (abbrev. as HI) is more common. Since infusions from both plants are traditionally used, we aimed to compare their antioxidative potential using in vitro assays. Two morphologically distinct HI plants, HIa and HIb, were compared to a commercially available HA product. Genetic analysis using microsatellites confirmed a clear differentiation between HI and HA and suggested that HIb was a hybrid resulting from spontaneous hybridization from unknown HI subspecies. High-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed the highest amounts of hydroxycinnamic acids and total arzanol derivatives in HIa, whereas HIb was richest in monohydroxybenzoic acids, caffeic acids, and coumarins, and HA contained the highest amounts of flavonoids, especially flavanones. HIa exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity; it was more efficient in protecting different cell lines from induced oxidative stress and in inducing oxidative stress-related genes superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, and glutathione reductase 1. The antioxidative potential of HI was not only dependent on the morphological type of the plant but also on the harvest date, revealing important information for obtaining the best possible product. Considering the superior properties of HI compared to HA, the evaluation of HI as a medicinal plant could be recommended.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Essential Oils on Selected Weeds: Potential Hazard on Food Crops

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ibáñez ◽  
María Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

The chemical composition of winter savory, peppermint, and anise essential oils, and in vitro and in vivo phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and food crops (maize, rice, and tomato), have been studied. Sixty-four compounds accounting for between 97.67–99.66% of the total essential oils were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Winter savory with carvacrol (43.34%) and thymol (23.20%) as the main compounds produced a total inhibitory effect against the seed germination of tested weed. Menthol (48.23%), menthone (23.33%), and iso-menthone (16.33%) from peppermint only showed total seed germination inhibition on L. multiflorum, whereas no significant effects were observed with trans-anethole (99.46%) from anise at all concentrations (0.125–1 µL/mL). Low doses of peppermint essential oil could be used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic agrochemicals to control L. multiflorum. The results corroborate that in vivo assays with a commercial emulsifiable concentrate need higher doses of the essential oils to reproduce previous in vitro trials. The higher in vivo phytotoxicity of winter savory essential oil constitutes an eco-friendly and less pernicious alternative to weed control. It is possible to achieve a greater in vivo phytotoxicity if less active essential oil like peppermint is included with other active excipients.

scholarly journals Data on peptides identified by mass spectrometry analysis of in vitro DYRK1A-mediated phosphorylation sites on GLI1

Data in Brief ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben K. Ehe ◽  
David R. Lamson ◽  
Michael Tarpley ◽  
Rob U. Onyenwoke ◽  
Lee M. Graves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Phosphorylation Sites ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

scholarly journals Exosome-Mediated Insulin Delivery for the Potential Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1870
Author(s):  
Belén Rodríguez-Morales ◽  
Marilena Antunes-Ricardo ◽  
José González-Valdez
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Human Insulin ◽  
Insulin Delivery ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Treatment

Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles between 30 and 150 nm that serve as essential messengers for different biological signaling and pathological processes. After their discovery, a wide range of applications have been developed, especially in therapeutic drug delivery. In this context, the aim of this work was to test the efficiency of exosome-mediated human insulin delivery using exosomes extracted from three different cell lines: hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2); primary dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) and pancreatic β cells (RIN-m); all are related to the production and/or the ability to sense insulin and to consequently regulate glucose levels in the extracellular medium. The obtained results revealed that the optimal insulin loading efficiency was achieved by a 200 V electroporation, in comparison with incubation at room temperature. Moreover, the maximum in vitro exosome uptake was reached after incubation for 6 h, which slightly decreased 24 h after adding the exosomes. Glucose quantification assays revealed that exosome-mediated incorporation of insulin presented significant differences in HDFa and HepG2 cells, enhancing the transport in HDFa, in comparison with free human insulin effects in the regulation of extracellular glucose levels. No significant differences were found between the treatments in RIN-m cells. Hence, the results suggest that exosomes could potentially become a valuable tool for stable and biocompatible insulin delivery in diabetes mellitus treatment alternatives.

scholarly journals Deubiquitination and Stabilization of PD-L1 by USP21

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuying Yang ◽  
Youqian Wu ◽  
Huanhuan Yan ◽  
Bing Shan ◽  
Dongheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Polyubiquitin Chains ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Programmed Death ◽  
Programmed Death Protein 1 ◽  
Novel Strategy

Abstract Background: The immunotherapy for different types of cancers that targeting programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) has highlighted the importance of suppressing specific T cell responses. Recently, several studies have shown that the expression level of PD-L1 in tumor cells is positively correlated with tumor metastasis as well as recurrence rate. The potent effects of post-translational modifications (PTMs) for PD-L1, such as ubiquitination, glycosylation, phosphorylation and palmitoylation, have been reported to be related to immunosuppression. However, the regulation of PD-L1 degradation in cancers is still not well understood. In this paper, we mainly investigate the deubiquitination regulation of PD-L1. Methods: The protein levels of PD-L1 and USP21 were detected by Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The interaction between PD-L1 and USP21 was determined by co-immunoprecipitation. The deubiquitination of PD-L1 was determined by in vitro deubiquitination assay. The deubiquitination sites of PD-L1 were identified by mass spectrometry analysis. The expression of mRNA in target tissues was presented by bioinformatics analysis.Results: Overexpression of USP21 significantly increased PD-L1 abundance and knockdown of USP21 induced degradation of PD-L1. In vitro deubiquitination assay showed that USP21-WT reduced polyubiquitin chains from PD-L1 while USP21-C221A did not. Furthermore, five lysines in intracellular segment of PD-L1 are potential deubiquitin sites and cancer-derived mutations of PD-L1 in Asp276 have the ability to enhance the deubiquitination of PD-L1 mediated by USP21. Finally, we found that USP21 is the frequently amplified deubiquitinase in lung cancer, especially in lung squamous cell carcinoma, and its amplification co-occurs with the upregulation of PD-L1 levels. Moreover, IHC analysis showed stronger staining of PD-L1 and USP21 in lung cancer samples than adjacent tissues. Conclusion: We identified USP21 as a novel deubiquitinase of PD-L1. Hopefully, targeting PD-L1 by inhibiting USP21 might be a potentially novel strategy for the treatment of lung cancer.

Coronatin-2 from the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus kills Galleria mellonella larvae and incapacitates hemocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Boguś ◽  
W. Wieloch ◽  
M. Ligęza-Żuber
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Sequence Coverage ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Conidiobolus Coronatus ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

AbstractCoronatin-2, a 14.5 kDa protein, was isolated from culture filtrates of the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Costantin) Batko (Entomophthoramycota: Entomophthorales). After LC–MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) analysis of the tryptic peptide digest of coronatin-2 and a mass spectra database search no orthologs of this protein could be found in fungi. The highest homology was observed to the partial translation elongation factor 1a from Sphaerosporium equinum (protein sequence coverage, 21%), with only one peptide sequence, suggesting that coronatin-2 is a novel fungal protein that has not yet been described. In contrast to coronatin-1, an insecticidal 36 kDa protein, which shows both elastolytic and chitinolytic activity, coronatin-2 showed no enzymatic activity. Addition of coronatin-2 into cultures of hemocytes taken from larvae of Galleria mellonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), resulted in progressive disintegration of nets formed by granulocytes and plasmatocytes due to rapid degranulation of granulocytes, extensive vacuolization of plasmatocytes accompanied by cytoplasm expulsion, and cell disintegration. Spherulocytes remained intact, while oenocytes rapidly disintegrated. Coronatin-2 produced 80% mortality when injected into G. mellonella at 5 µg larva−1. Further study is warranted to determine the relevance of the acute toxicity of coronatin-2 and its effects on hemocytes in vitro to virulence of C. coronatus against its hosts.

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