scholarly journals An Overview of Medical Imaging Techniques for Knee Osteoarthritis Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 903-919
Author(s):  
Anuradha Vashishtha ◽  
Anuja kumar Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
Medical Image Classification ◽  
Classification Procedures

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of “Arthritis & Joint disease”. Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the fundamental causes of older and overweight individual’s sickness. It is the main cause of disability in adults. Mostly this disease occurs in people above 45 years of age, in which women suffer more as compared to men. it is basically damaged the Cartilage, because of which bones rub each other causing intense pain and inflammation. this gets thick and makes spurs at the edges. The knee Osteoarthritis is of 4 grades according to X-ray. The first 2 grade and 3rd grade can be recovered with the help of therapy and medications, while the 4th grade is necessary for knee replacement. The emerging Osteoarthritis management approach involves clinical evaluation & diagnostic imaging techniques. Within this research, we explore descriptively and objectively the various medical imaging methods used to diagnose and identify knee osteoarthritis. We study on the automatically detection of recovery rate of human disease and classify Osteoarthritis in the knee from medical images (like Magnetic Resonance image, CT scan, X-ray) from various medical image classification procedures. This paper provides a study that focuses on the various medical imaging methods used to determine osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Identifying the chaîne opératoire of prehistoric clay figurines using experimental archeology and imaging methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 1860107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodor Ignat ◽  
Roxana Bugoi ◽  
Florin Constantin ◽  
Valentin Parnic ◽  
Cătălin Lazăr
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Experimental Archaeology ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chaîne Opératoire ◽  
Chaine Operatoire ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Subsequent Step ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Experimental Archeology

This paper reports the use of experimental archaeology and imaging methods—X-ray computed tomography (CT) and radiography—that were employed to decipher the manufacturing techniques of Eneolithic clay artefacts. This study was triggered by the archaeological research conducted in some tell settlements in Southeastern Romania that belong to the Kodjadermen-Gumelniţa-Karanovo VI culture (c. 4500–3900 BC). The findings reported here represent the first accounts of a recently started research project, which has as its main goal the re-creation of Eneolithic clay artefacts and the identification of the chaîne opératoire used for manufacturing these objects. In particular, X-ray imaging techniques were used as complementary methods to help understand the structure of intact Eneolithic artefacts. In a subsequent step of this research, these techniques will be employed to check for similarities between the archaeological items and modern pottery replicas created in experimental archaeology workshops.

scholarly journals Corelation Between X-Ray Grading Scale And USG Examination of Knee Joint Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0011
Author(s):  
Basuki Supartono ◽  
Riza Amalia ◽  
Ika Satya ◽  
Sugeng Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Grading Scale ◽  
Smirnov Test

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease which is related with the damage of cartilage. Xray is one of the osteoarthritis radiological examinations but only to see the damage of bone not cartilage. One of an effective examination to visualize the damage of cartilage is Ultrasound. The objective of this study is to determine the relation between osteoarthritis grading scale with cartilage ultrasonographic in knee osteoarthritis patients. This was a Cross-sectional study on 32 knee osteoarthritis patients. Statistical analysis was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test showed there was a correlation between osteoarthritis grading scale with cartilage ultrasonographic. The conclusion in this study, there is a significant correlation between osteoarthritis grading scale with cartilage ultrasonographic in knee osteoarthritis patients.

scholarly journals Functionalized Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting, Medical Imaging, and Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1890
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yaseen Ahmad ◽  
Huan Yue ◽  
Tirusew Tegafaw ◽  
Shuwen Liu ◽  
Son Long Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Mri Contrast Agents ◽  
Mri Contrast ◽  
Lanthanide Oxide ◽  
X Ray

Recent progress in functionalized lanthanide oxide (Ln2O3) nanoparticles for tumor targeting, medical imaging, and therapy is reviewed. Among the medical imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important noninvasive imaging tool for tumor diagnosis due to its high spatial resolution and excellent imaging contrast, especially when contrast agents are used. However, commercially available low-molecular-weight MRI contrast agents exhibit several shortcomings, such as nonspecificity for the tissue of interest and rapid excretion in vivo. Recently, nanoparticle-based MRI contrast agents have become a hot research topic in biomedical imaging due to their high performance, easy surface functionalization, and low toxicity. Among them, functionalized Ln2O3 nanoparticles are applicable as MRI contrast agents for tumor-targeting and nontumor-targeting imaging and image-guided tumor therapy. Primarily, Gd2O3 nanoparticles have been intensively investigated as tumor-targeting T1 MRI contrast agents. T2 MRI is also possible due to the appreciable paramagnetic moments of Ln2O3 nanoparticles (Ln = Dy, Ho, and Tb) at room temperature arising from the nonzero orbital motion of 4f electrons. In addition, Ln2O3 nanoparticles are eligible as X-ray computed tomography contrast agents because of their high X-ray attenuation power. Since nanoparticle toxicity is of great concern, recent toxicity studies on Ln2O3 nanoparticles are also discussed.

scholarly journals Incidence and location of bone metastases in breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Monica Cirstoiu ◽  
Octavian Munteanu ◽  
Oana Bodean ◽  
Florina Paulet ◽  
Bogdan Șerban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Osseous Metastases

AbstractThis report represents an analysis of 19 confirmed cases of breast cancer throughout a period of 14 months (January 2018 - February 2019), in which we assessed the incidence and sites of osseous metastases, in correlation with their histopathologic classification. This retrospective analysis is based on medical imaging techniques (X-ray radiography and nuclear medicine functional imaging).

scholarly journals Classification of Knee Osteoarthritis Severity Using Modified Masks to Preprocess X-ray Images in a Deep Learning Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Chung Yang
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medical Image Classification ◽  
Deep Learning Model

We propose a concise approach to facilitate the deep learning model for medical image classification of knee osteoarthritis severity. The characteristics of the input X-ray images are sharpened by a modified 5×5 mask before training and testing in this work. We compare the inference accuracies of two experiments using the same architecture with images sharpened and not sharpened respectively. And we find it tangible that the former performs much better than the latter. This technique could also be helpful when applied onto the edge devices for object detection and image segmentation.

The Use of Computer Systems in the Design of Hip Replacements

2015 ◽  
Vol 791 ◽  
pp. 328-334
Author(s):  
Piotr Penkała ◽  
Katarzyna Kiryczuk
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Orthopedic Procedures ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hip Replacements ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Hip replacement is one of the most commonly performed orthopedic procedures. The implant prosthesis is used in the treatment of lesions within the joint or damage caused by mechanical stress. The main factors are disease, that indication for arthroplasty include: rheumatoid arthritis, advanced degenerative changes, fractures proximal epiphysis of the femur and femoral head necrosis. The design elements of hip replacements and analysis of preclinical surgical implant mobilized towards the use of medical imaging techniques. It is this end, the patient qualified for arthroplasty are tested using one of the methods of radiological examination (X-ray), computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The date obtained as a result of medical imaging are stored in the DICOM format ( Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine). It is a standard established that create and exchange of medical images obtained as a result of various diagnostic methods. DICOM medical device obtains the information about the structure of data stored in a file or a sequence of files, and how to communicate with any device and program for their transfer. Contains data to interpret and process correctly the files, regardless of the equipment, that generated them. Additionally, it has the calibration information, which allows you to take measurements and calculations using the browser's [1].

scholarly journals Forensic veterinary evaluation of gunshot wounds to a dog’s head based on traditional examination methods and modern imaging techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 6357-2020
Author(s):  
KINGA PANASIUK-FLAK ◽  
MAŁGORZATA GRELA ◽  
PIOTR LISTOS ◽  
MAGDALENA GRYZIŃSKA ◽  
GRZEGORZ BUSZEWICZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modern Imaging ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Tomography Scan

At present, the most common method of analysis of gunshot wounds is necropsy, but modern imaging methods, such as X-ray (RTG) and computed tomography (CT), are gaining in popularity. We conducted an experiment involving shooting at test material from various distances (0 m, 1.5 m, 15 m) with bullets of various calibres in order to obtain characteristic gunshot wounds and compare the utility of the traditional autopsy method and modern imaging methods for forensic veterinary purposes. Then, a digital X-ray and computed tomography scan as well as a necropsy, were performed. The analysis of the results of the experiment with ammunition of different calibres showed that damage caused by a shot from a firearm is correlated with the calibre, initial velocity and kinetic energy of the projectile, as well as the distance from the barrel end to the object being shot. In the 12 cases analysed, 80% of the bullets fired from different distances had sufficient kinetic energy to exit the test material after passing through the tissue. A macroscopic necropsy supplemented by modern imaging methods is the most accurate means of forensic veterinary analysis of gunshot wounds in animals.

scholarly journals Korelasi antara Usia dan Derajat Osteoartritis Sendi Lutut Berdasarkan Sistem Klasifikasi Kellgren-Lawrence di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Tahun 2019-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Jonathan J Sibarani ◽  
Atta Kuntara ◽  
Renaldi P H N Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

Osteoarthritis is a joint disease that commonly causes disability in the elderly. Thisresearch aimed to find the correlation between age and primary knee osteoarthritis gradeaccording to the Kellgren-Lawrence classification system in patients in the Department ofRadiology of RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. This research was a cross-sectional study. Thisresearch used Spearman’s correlation method. This research used X-ray results from theDepartment of Radiology of RSHS from 1 January 2019-29 February 2020 (n=67). The grade ofknee osteoarthritis was diagnosed by a radiology consultant of RSHS. This study found thatprimary knee osteoarthritis was most commonly found in the 55-59 years age group, as many as14 patients (20,9%) and least commonly found in the 40-44 years age group, as many as 2 patients(3%). Severe osteoarthritis was most commonly found in the 55-59 years age group and 60-64years age group with the number of severe osteoarthritis patients within each age group were 3patients (33,3%). The correlation coefficient was -0,15 (p=0,224) hence there was no correlationbetween age and grade of primary knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion, there was no correlationbetween age and grade of primary knee osteoarthritis in the Radiology Department of RSHS in2019-2020.Keywords: Age; correlation; Kellgren-Lawrence; primary knee osteoarthritis

Studies of metaphase chromosomes in the scanning transmission x-ray microscope: Image fidelity, radiation damage and specimen preparation

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1038-1039
Author(s):  
Shawn Williams ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Susan Lamm ◽  
Jack Van’t Hof
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Transmission

The Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope (STXM) is well suited for investigating metaphase chromosome structure. The absorption cross-section of soft x-rays having energies between the carbon and oxygen K edges (284 - 531 eV) is 6 - 9.5 times greater for organic specimens than for water, which permits one to examine unstained, wet biological specimens with resolution superior to that attainable using visible light. The attenuation length of the x-rays is suitable for imaging micron thick specimens without sectioning. This large difference in cross-section yields good specimen contrast, so that fewer soft x-rays than electrons are required to image wet biological specimens at a given resolution. But most imaging techniques delivering better resolution than visible light produce radiation damage. Soft x-rays are known to be very effective in damaging biological specimens. The STXM is constructed to minimize specimen dose, but it is important to measure the actual damage induced as a function of dose in order to determine the dose range within which radiation damage does not compromise image quality.

An x-ray microprobe based upon a close-coupled focal-spot / glass capillary arrangement

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1758-1759
Author(s):  
D. A. Carpenter ◽  
M. A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Beam Damage

The development of intense sources of x rays has led to renewed interest in the use of microbeams of x rays in x-ray fluorescence analysis. Sparks pointed out that the use of x rays as a probe offered the advantages of high sensitivity, low detection limits, low beam damage, and large penetration depths with minimal specimen preparation or perturbation. In addition, the option of air operation provided special advantages for examination of hydrated systems or for nondestructive microanalysis of large specimens.The disadvantages of synchrotron sources prompted the development of laboratory-based instrumentation with various schemes to maximize the beam flux while maintaining small point-to-point resolution. Nichols and Ryon developed a microprobe using a rotating anode source and a modified microdiffractometer. Cross and Wherry showed that by close-coupling the x-ray source, specimen, and detector, good intensities could be obtained for beam sizes between 30 and 100μm. More importantly, both groups combined specimen scanning with modern imaging techniques for rapid element mapping.

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