scholarly journals Analysis the Safety and Efficacy at Different Types of Anesthesiological Support During Aesthetic Interventions on the Breast Glands in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2109-2121
Author(s):  
Iurii Kuchyn ◽  
Dmytro Sazhyn ◽  
Gennadiy Patlazhan
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Nausea ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Inhalation Anesthesia ◽  
Cognitive Score ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Individual Assessment ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Combined Anesthesia ◽  
The Individual

The aim is to learn the features of aesthetic and reduction surgical interventions on the mammary glands in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The study was conducted by analyzing the inpatient ambulatory cards of 320 patients. Anesthesia was provided by propofol (n=130), sevoflurane (n=140) and combined use of sevoflurane and nalbuphine (n=50). The results of the study. It was found that usage of combined inhalation analgesia of sevoflurane with opioids was characterized by 41.9% less recovery time. It was found that 8 hours after surgery, the individual assessment of pain was lower in the group of combined analgesia with opioids relative to intravenous anesthesia with propofol (87.5%, p<0.05) and inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane (71, 3%, p<0.05). After 24 hours all patients reported about pain below 1.0 point, however, in groups where sevoflurane and nalbuphine were used, the level of pain self-esteem was 2.61 and 3 times lower than after intravenous propofol. It was found that within 1 hour after surgery, the average cognitive score on the Montreal scale decreased in the group of intravenous propofol by 5.0% (p<0.05) and by 1.7% under inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane. Under combined anesthesia the cognitive score remained at 12.0 points. The frequency of postoperative nausea was the highest level in the group of inhalation anesthesia - 16.7%. The addition of nalbuphine to sevoflurane significantly reduced the risk of postoperative nausea (χ2=7.250; p=0.007). Conclusions. Combined anesthesia with opioids is a highly effective anesthetic choice for aesthetic and reconstructive interventions on the mammary glands.

The Posterior Perforated Substance: A Brain Mystery Wrapped in an Enigma

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (32) ◽  
pp. 2991-2998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Nikolenko ◽  
Leonid A. Gridin ◽  
Marine V. Oganesyan ◽  
Negoriya A. Rizaeva ◽  
Yury S. Podolskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Interpeduncular Nucleus ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Medial Habenula ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Surgical Operations

Background: There is a dearth of published information on the posterior perforated substance as compared to the anterior perforated substance. We managed to glean facts about the posterior perforated substance that can serve as a landmark for surgical operations in the adjacent regions of the midbrain and the vessels passing through it. Moreover, the posterior perforated substance contains the interpeduncular nucleus responsible for the mental state of the individual. Objectives: 1) To describe the topography of the blood vessels supplying the posterior perforated substance area from the surgical point of view; 2) to investigate the functions of the interpeduncular nucleus. Methods: We assembled and analyzed results from source databases by Elsevier, NCBI MedLine, Scopus, Scholar. Google and Embase. Each article was studied in detail for practically useful information about the posterior perforated substance. Results: The P1-segment perforating branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply the posterior perforated substance. This area is especially vulnerable in the case of vascular pathologies. The posterior communicating artery can block the surgeon’s view and impede maneuverability of the tool in the area of the posterior perforated substance, which may be addressed using the separation technique, which can lead to positive results. In addition, the medial habenula-interpeduncular nucleus in the posterior perforated substance is associated with various addictions and psychiatric conditions. Conclusions: The posterior perforated substance area is of great interest for surgical interventions. Future studies of the interpeduncular nucleus anticipate the development of drugs to affect different types of dependencies and some mental diseases.

scholarly journals Clinical evaluation of the developed method effectiveness of anesthesia of the zygomaticofacial nerve

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
O. Ya. Mokryk
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual

The branching of the trigeminal nerve on the face has an individual anatomical variability.  The individual variability of innervation of soft tissues of the maxillofacial area should be taken into account during their local anesthesia. During the blockade of the zygomaticofacial nerve in accordance with the well-known technique, only 74 % of the cases of anesthesia in the buccal and zygomatic areas were completely anesthetized. The aim of the study – to give a сlinical evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed method of anesthesia of the zygomaticofacial nerve. Materials and Methods. In the clinical observation  41 stationary  stomatological patients with planned surgical interventions on the lateral facial area took part (in the buccal area – 16 patients, in the zygomatic area – 25 patients).  In order to detect the individual anatomical features of the facial part of the head in patients, the facial index was determined by the Garson`s formula as the relation between the morphological height of the face and its width multiplied by 100. These patients were applied a developed method of conductive anesthesia of the zygomaticofacial nerve and compared its effectiveness with a known method. Pain sensitivity and perception in patients were studied using subjective and objective methods. Pain sensitivity was determined by injection of a needle (pinprick) into the epidermis. Pain perception during local anesthesia administration was evaluated by the Sounds, Eyes and Motor (SEM) scale. Results and Discussion.  Taking into account the results of craniometric studies as well as the individual topographic and anatomical features of zygomaticofacial nerve branching in people with different types of skull structure, the technique of conduction anesthesia of the branches of the zygomaticofacial nerve was developed. During surgical treatment the effectiveness of the local anesthetic developed method was evaluated as good – it was observed in patients a stable anesthesia, without psychosomatic peculiarities as well as local and general complications. Conclusions. Application in clinical conditions of the technique of conductive anesthesia of the zygomaticofacial nerve, developed by us, in combination with the classical method of local anesthesia of the buccal nerve provides painless surgical interventions on the lateral area of the face. For the successful local anesthesia of the zygomatic and buccal regions, it is necessary to take into account the anatomical variability of the branch on the face of the zygomaticofacial nerve in patients with different types of skull structure and face shape.

PREDICTION MODEL OF PROBABILITY ESTIMATE OF FATAL CASES IN INFANTS WITH CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS IN SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Alexey O. Vlasov ◽  
Iryna A. Holovanova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Anesthesia Care ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Combined Anesthesia ◽  
Simple Logistic

Aim: To evaluate different types of combined anesthesia in surgical correction of congenital malformations in infants and to develop a prediction model of the association of risk factors and fatal cases in chosen methods of anesthesia care. Material and methods: The retrospective study included newborns and infants with congenital malformations, who received and continued phased surgical treatment. Determination of risk factors was performed by the method of simple logistic regression with the calculation of the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: A total of 150 children were included in the study. The risk factors for deaths in the surgical correction of congenital malformations in children have been established, a prognostic model has been created. Conclusions: To prevent fatal cases in various types of surgery and options for anesthesia care of newborns and infants with CM, it is advisable to more closely monitor the cerebral, peripheral oximetry at all stages of treatment and timely correct the impaired condition of the child.

scholarly journals Analysis of vital indicators for different types of anesthesia in newborns and infants with surgical pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-599
Author(s):  
O. O. Vlasov
Keyword(s):  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Surgical Pathology ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Intravenous Anesthesia ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Combined Anesthesia

Annotation. In newborns and infants, surgical interventions against the background of severe concomitant and background perinatal pathologies and malformations lead to catabolic stress, circulatory and respiratory disorders, which are reflected in the indicators of vital functions. Given the high risk of severe complications of organ function in the perioperative and postoperative periods, it is advisable to continuously monitor key clinical parameters. Aim of the study – to establish the absolute values of indicators of vital functions in newborns and infants with congenital surgical pathology with various types of combined anesthesia and compare them with clinical data. A retrospective study included 150 newborns and infants with congenital malformations of the surgical profile, depending on the anesthesia (inhalation + regional anesthesia; inhalation + intravenous anesthesia and total intravenous). The parameters of peripheral oximetry, blood pressure, heart rate and respiration were analyzed. It was found that peripheral saturation did not critically decrease at all stages of observation. With the exception of the resulting decrease in the indicator in children of group I compared with group III at the stage of induction into anesthesia (97.79±2.45 versus 98.79±1.63, at p=0.0194, respectively) and at the most painful moment of surgical intervention (96.29±3.47 versus 98.10±2.47, with p=0.0368). In children who received combined intravenous anesthesia with two drugs, there was an increase in mean arterial pressure from the beginning of surgical treatment to the child's recovery after surgery (49.49±10.71, 56.18±8.05, respectively, at p˂0.01). Thus, among the surveyed groups, the most vulnerable were children for whom anesthesia was provided by Sevoflurane inhalation with regional anesthesia. The performed correlation analysis established the effect of anesthesia on the general hemodynamics in children during all stages of observation.

scholarly journals Experimental Methods to Simulate and Evaluate Postsurgical Peripheral Nerve Scarring

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1613
Author(s):  
Alessandro Crosio ◽  
Giulia Ronchi ◽  
Benedetta Elena Fornasari ◽  
Simonetta Odella ◽  
Stefania Raimondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scar Tissue Formation

As a consequence of trauma or surgical interventions on peripheral nerves, scar tissue can form, interfering with the capacity of the nerve to regenerate properly. Scar tissue may also lead to traction neuropathies, with functional dysfunction and pain for the patient. The search for effective antiadhesion products to prevent scar tissue formation has, therefore, become an important clinical challenge. In this review, we perform extensive research on the PubMed database, retrieving experimental papers on the prevention of peripheral nerve scarring. Different parameters have been considered and discussed, including the animal and nerve models used and the experimental methods employed to simulate and evaluate scar formation. An overview of the different types of antiadhesion devices and strategies investigated in experimental models is also provided. To successfully evaluate the efficacy of new antiscarring agents, it is necessary to have reliable animal models mimicking the complications of peripheral nerve scarring and also standard and quantitative parameters to evaluate perineural scars. So far, there are no standardized methods used in experimental research, and it is, therefore, difficult to compare the results of the different antiadhesion devices.

scholarly journals Selected In Situ Hybridization Methods: Principles and Application

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3874
Author(s):  
Dominika Veselinyová ◽  
Jana Mašlanková ◽  
Katarina Kalinová ◽  
Helena Mičková ◽  
Mária Mareková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
In Situ Techniques ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
The Individual

We are experiencing rapid progress in all types of imaging techniques used in the detection of various numbers and types of mutation. In situ hybridization (ISH) is the primary technique for the discovery of mutation agents, which are presented in a variety of cells. The ability of DNA to complementary bind is one of the main principles in every method used in ISH. From the first use of in situ techniques, scientists paid attention to the improvement of the probe design and detection, to enhance the fluorescent signal intensity and inhibition of cross-hybrid presence. This article discusses the individual types and modifications, and is focused on explaining the principles and limitations of ISH division on different types of probes. The article describes a design of probes for individual types of in situ hybridization (ISH), as well as the gradual combination of several laboratory procedures to achieve the highest possible sensitivity and to prevent undesirable events accompanying hybridization. The article also informs about applications of the methodology, in practice and in research, to detect cell to cell communication and principles of gene silencing, process of oncogenesis, and many other unknown processes taking place in organisms at the DNA/RNA level.

scholarly journals Testing for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence: experiences of a tertiary eye centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000688
Author(s):  
Focke Ziemssen ◽  
You-Shan Feng ◽  
Sven Schnichels ◽  
Tarek Bayyoud ◽  
Marius Ueffing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Individual Assessment ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Antiviral Antibody ◽  
Sequential Combination ◽  
The Individual

IntroductionThe actual prevalence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection and the individual assessment of being or having been infected may differ. Facing the great uncertainty—especially at the beginning of the pandemic—and the possibility of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, subclinical infections, we evaluate the experience of SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening at a tertiary clinical setting.Methods and analysisAll employees of a tertiary eye centre and a research institute of ophthalmology were offered antibody testing in May 2020, using a sequential combination of different validated assays/antigens and point-of-care (POC) testing for a subset (NCT04446338). Before taking blood, a systematic inquiry into past symptoms, known contacts and a subjective self-assessment was documented. The correlations between serostatus, patient contacts and demographic characteristics were analysed. Different tests were compared by Kappa statistics.ResultsAmong 318 participants, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 9 employees. Chemiluminescence assays (chemiluminescence immunoassay and electrochemiluminescence) showed superior specificity and high reproducibility, compared with ELISA and POC results.In contrast to the low seropositivity (2.8%) of healthcare workers, higher than that of the other departments of the hospital, a large proportion mistakenly assumed that they might have already been infected. Antiviral antibody titres increased and remained on a plateau for at least 3 months.ConclusionsThe great demand and acceptance confirmed the benefit of highly sensitive testing methods in the early phase of the pandemic. The coincidence of low seroprevalence and anxious employees may have contributed to internalising the need of hygiene measures.

scholarly journals Comparative physical activity as a global question to assess physical activity among university students

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Diehl ◽  
Alessia Brassat ◽  
Jennifer Hilger-Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Comparative Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Comparative Optimism ◽  
Individual Assessment ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background To assess physical activity (PA), a comparative measurement – evaluating one’s own PA compared to others – may be an appropriate method. In previous studies, the use of comparative measurements led to an effect known as unrealistic comparative optimism (UCO) – people being unrealistically optimistic about their behavior. Our aim was to use this comparative measurement in university students to quantify the prevalence of UCO at the group level and to draw conclusions on its validity. Methods We used data from the Nutrition and Physical Activity in Adolescence Study (NuPhA), a cross-sectional online survey that included only self-reports (n = 689). To assess PA among students, they were asked to rate their PA level compared to that of their same-aged fellow students. In addition, we used the Godin-Shephard leisure-time PA questionnaire and other questions on PA for comparisons. We used bivariate and cluster-based analyses to identify potential UCO. Results We found that UCO at the group level led to an uneven distribution, with a higher proportion of students who rated themselves as being more physically active than average. However, the individual assessment of PA with a single and simple comparative question seemed to be valid. Discussion A global single comparative question seems useful for studies where PA is measured as a covariate in university students.

Probing of the combined effect of bisquaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents and acetylsalicylic acid on model phospholipid membranes: differential scanning calorimetry and mass spectrometry studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3155-3162 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Kasian ◽  
V. A. Pashynska ◽  
O. V. Vashchenko ◽  
A. O. Krasnikova ◽  
A. Gömöry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Phospholipid Membranes ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Individual

Qualitatively different membranotropic effects of the individual drugs and complexes formed in their combined use were demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry.

The Nature of Political Thought

1923 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-215
Author(s):  
Raymond G. Gettell
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Philosophy Professor ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Individual

In the introduction to his readings in political philosophy, Professor Coker says, “since the time of Plato there has been, in every philosophic age, some inquiry as to the justification of political organization in general, as to the relative merits of different political forms, and as to the appropriate position and privileges of the individual as master, member, or subject of the political order of society. Why do we have political organization? What in our present condition do we owe to it? What future benefits may we properly expect to derive from it? Are its purposes characteristically manifold and changing, or are they ultimately reducible to a few limited objects or to some single end? What is its best form? Who should control it? What is its proper relation to the ideas and sentiments of the community at its basis? What spheres of individual and social life is it incompetent to enter? Philosophers and publicists of various types have sought to answer these questions in abstract terms.”If an analysis be made of the questions with which political thought has been concerned, it is found that emphasis was placed at various periods upon widely different types of problems. In the medieval period political controversy centered in the contest for supremacy between spiritual and temporal authorities; in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the dominant interest was in the contest between monarchic and democratic theories of political organization; at present, the extent of state activities has come into prominence, and the connection between political and economic interests is especially close. Besides, political conditions have changed so greatly from age to age that the same problem had quite different meanings at different periods.

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