Dislocation after primary arthroplasty for subcapital fracture of the hip. Wide range of movement is a risk factor

Abstract Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has challenged public health agencies globally. In order to effectively target government responses, it is critical to identify the individuals most at risk of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), developing severe clinical signs, and mortality. We undertook a systematic review of the literature to present the current status of scientific knowledge in these areas and describe the need for unified global approaches, moving forwards, as well as lessons learnt for future pandemics. Methods Medline, Embase and Global Health were searched to the end of April 2020, as well as the Web of Science. Search terms were specific to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19. Comparative studies of risk factors from any setting, population group and in any language were included. Titles, abstracts and full texts were screened by two reviewers and extracted in duplicate into a standardised form. Data were extracted on risk factors for COVID-19 disease, severe disease, or death and were narratively and descriptively synthesised. Results One thousand two hundred and thirty-eight papers were identified post-deduplication. Thirty-three met our inclusion criteria, of which 26 were from China. Six assessed the risk of contracting the disease, 20 the risk of having severe disease and ten the risk of dying. Age, gender and co-morbidities were commonly assessed as risk factors. The weight of evidence showed increasing age to be associated with severe disease and mortality, and general comorbidities with mortality. Only seven studies presented multivariable analyses and power was generally limited. A wide range of definitions were used for disease severity. Conclusions The volume of literature generated in the short time since the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 has been considerable. Many studies have sought to document the risk factors for COVID-19 disease, disease severity and mortality; age was the only risk factor based on robust studies and with a consistent body of evidence. Mechanistic studies are required to understand why age is such an important risk factor. At the start of pandemics, large, standardised, studies that use multivariable analyses are urgently needed so that the populations most at risk can be rapidly protected. Registration This review was registered on PROSPERO as CRD42020177714.

Download Full-text

Predicting COVID-19 Severity with a Specific Nucleocapsid Antibody plus Disease Risk Factor Score

mSphere ◽

10.1128/msphere.00203-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sanjana R. Sen ◽

Emily C. Sanders ◽

Kristin N. Gabriel ◽

Brian M. Miller ◽

Hariny M. Isoda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Factor Score ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Disease Risk Factor ◽

Disease States ◽

Wide Range ◽

Risk Factor Score ◽

Prognostic Prediction

ABSTRACT Effective methods for predicting COVID-19 disease trajectories are urgently needed. Here, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and coronavirus antigen microarray (COVAM) analysis mapped antibody epitopes in the plasma of COVID-19 patients (n = 86) experiencing a wide range of disease states. The experiments identified antibodies to a 21-residue epitope from nucleocapsid (termed Ep9) associated with severe disease, including admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), requirement for ventilators, or death. Importantly, anti-Ep9 antibodies can be detected within 6 days post-symptom onset and sometimes within 1 day. Furthermore, anti-Ep9 antibodies correlate with various comorbidities and hallmarks of immune hyperactivity. We introduce a simple-to-calculate, disease risk factor score to quantitate each patient’s comorbidities and age. For patients with anti-Ep9 antibodies, scores above 3.0 predict more severe disease outcomes with a 13.42 likelihood ratio (96.7% specificity). The results lay the groundwork for a new type of COVID-19 prognostic to allow early identification and triage of high-risk patients. Such information could guide more effective therapeutic intervention. IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over two million deaths worldwide. Despite efforts to fight the virus, the disease continues to overwhelm hospitals with severely ill patients. Diagnosis of COVID-19 is readily accomplished through a multitude of reliable testing platforms; however, prognostic prediction remains elusive. To this end, we identified a short epitope from the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and also a disease risk factor score based upon comorbidities and age. The presence of antibodies specifically binding to this epitope plus a score cutoff can predict severe COVID-19 outcomes with 96.7% specificity.

Download Full-text

A Robust Tracking-by-Detection Algorithm Using Adaptive Accumulated Frame Differencing and Corner Features

Journal of Imaging ◽

10.3390/jimaging6040025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Nahlah Algethami ◽

Sam Redfern

Keyword(s):

Detection Algorithm ◽

Image Features ◽

Corner Detection ◽

Wide Angle ◽

Tracking Accuracy ◽

Range Of Movement ◽

Illumination Variation ◽

Detection Techniques ◽

Wide Range ◽

Tracking By Detection

We propose a tracking-by-detection algorithm to track the movements of meeting participants from an overhead camera. An advantage of using overhead cameras is that all objects can typically be seen clearly, with little occlusion; however, detecting people from a wide-angle overhead view also poses challenges such as people’s appearance significantly changing due to their position in the wide-angle image, and generally from a lack of strong image features. Our experimental datasets do not include empty meeting rooms, and this means that standard motion based detection techniques (e.g., background subtraction or consecutive frame differencing) struggle since there is no prior knowledge for a background model. Additionally, standard techniques may perform poorly when there is a wide range of movement behaviours (e.g. periods of no movement and periods of fast movement), as is often the case in meetings. Our algorithm uses a novel coarse-to-fine detection and tracking approach, combining motion detection using adaptive accumulated frame differencing (AAFD) with Shi-Tomasi corner detection. We present quantitative and qualitative evaluation which demonstrates the robustness of our method to track people in environments where object features are not clear and have similar colour to the background. We show that our approach achieves excellent performance in terms of the multiple object tracking accuracy (MOTA) metrics, and that it is particularly robust to initialisation differences when compared with baseline and state of the art trackers. Using the Online Tracking Benchmark (OTB) videos we also demonstrate that our tracker is very strong in the presence of background clutter, deformation and illumination variation.

Download Full-text

A logistic regression analysis of risk factors in ME/CFS pathogenesis

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/s12883-019-1468-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eliana M. Lacerda ◽

Keith Geraghty ◽

Caroline C. Kingdon ◽

Luigi Palla ◽

Luis Nacul

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Family History ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Lower Income ◽

Wide Range ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex disease, whose exact cause remains unclear. A wide range of risk factors has been proposed that helps understanding potential disease pathogenesis. However, there is little consistency for many risk factor associations, thus we undertook an exploratory study of risk factors using data from the UK ME/CFS Biobank participants. We report on risk factor associations in ME/CFS compared with multiple sclerosis participants and healthy controls. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 269 people with ME/CFS, including 214 with mild/moderate and 55 with severe symptoms, 74 people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 134 healthy controls, who were recruited from primary and secondary health services. Data were collected from participants using a standardised written questionnaire. Data analyses consisted of univariate and multivariable regression analysis (by levels of proximity to disease onset). Results A history of frequent colds (OR = 8.26, P <= 0.001) and infections (OR = 25.5, P = 0.015) before onset were the strongest factors associated with a higher risk of ME/CFS compared to healthy controls. Being single (OR = 4.41, P <= 0.001), having lower income (OR = 3.71, P <= 0.001), and a family history of anxiety is associated with a higher risk of ME/CFS compared to healthy controls only (OR = 3.77, P < 0.001). History of frequent colds (OR = 6.31, P < 0.001) and infections before disease onset (OR = 5.12, P = 0.005), being single (OR = 3.66, P = 0.003) and having lower income (OR = 3.48, P = 0.001), are associated with a higher risk of ME/CFS than MS. Severe ME/CFS cases were associated with lower age of ME/CFS onset (OR = 0.63, P = 0.022) and a family history of neurological illness (OR = 6.1, P = 0.001). Conclusions Notable differences in risk profiles were found between ME/CFS and healthy controls, ME/CFS and MS, and mild-moderate and severe ME/CFS. However, we found some commensurate overlap in risk associations between all cohorts. The most notable difference between ME/CFS and MS in our study is a history of recent infection prior to disease onset. Even recognising that our results are limited by the choice of factors we selected to investigate, our findings are consistent with the increasing body of evidence that has been published about the potential role of infections in the pathogenesis of ME/CFS, including common colds/flu.

Download Full-text

Calculation of the Risk of Lawsuits over Construction Flaws in Flat Roofs

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11185099 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (18) ◽

pp. 5099

Author(s):

Manuel J. Carretero-Ayuso ◽

Carlos E. Rodríguez-Jiménez

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Human Resources ◽

Urban Population ◽

Economic Resources ◽

Financial Sustainability ◽

Purchasing Power ◽

Wide Range ◽

Flat Roofs

In order to achieve sustainability objectives in the use of a building, its elements’ operating problems should be minimized. From this premise, a total of 497 cases related to construction flaws in flat roofs were analyzed in this research. A matrix was developed indicating the risk of lawsuits by owners according to the degree of nuisance resulting from the construction flaws studied, their technical importance, and the type of pathological origin. Based on these factors, it is possible to predict a greater or lesser probability of an owner filing a lawsuit—risk factor (F). A wide range was found for this probability, with the largest value being 865 times greater than the smallest value. The value of F was divided into 5 categories to classify the diverse results obtained and determine the number of cases and interrelations ascribed to each category. Additionally, the level of presence of said cases was calculated through the analysis of 3 different demographic aspects, it being noted that a greater purchasing power and a higher concentration of urban population lead to more stringent requirements and, subsequently, to a greater number of lawsuits. With all these results, building quality can be improved while resulting in greater constructive-financial sustainability and in a reduction of the economic resources required of society (fewer lawsuits and associated human resources).

Download Full-text

Impact of Varying Levels of Autostereovision upon Telemanipulation

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193129604002207 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 40 (22) ◽

pp. 1141-1145

Author(s):

Steven F. Wiker ◽

Daniel R. Baker ◽

Steven R. Arndt ◽

Weijia Zhou

Keyword(s):

Visual Display ◽

Remote Work ◽

Display System ◽

Range Of Movement ◽

Work Site ◽

End Point ◽

Remote Manipulation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Display Performance ◽

The Impact

Teleroboticists have long argued that improved control and display performance would enhance telepresence and, thereby, telemanipulator performance. This study measured the impact of the DTI autostereo visual display system upon telemanipulation capacity, operator perceptions of system controllability, and perceived fatigue and discomfort, when faced with a wide range of movement amplitudes and end point accuracy in low and moderate variations in illumination levels. With introduction of stereovision, remote manipulation performance materially improved. Improvements were found only in the positioning phases of manipulations; not in rapid ballistic move elements. Improvements were found regardless of the level of illumination present at the remote work site in this study.

Download Full-text

Quantifying the risk of hemiplasy in phylogenetic inference

10.1101/391391 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rafael F. Guerrero ◽

Matthew W. Hahn

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Convergent Evolution ◽

Phylogenetic Inference ◽

Species Tree ◽

New Method ◽

Gene Trees ◽

Arbitrary Length ◽

Wide Range

AbstractConvergent evolution is often inferred when a trait is incongruent with the species tree. However, trait incongruence can also arise from changes that occur on discordant gene trees, a process referred to as hemiplasy. Hemiplasy is rarely taken into account in studies of convergent evolution, despite the fact that phylogenomic studies have revealed rampant discordance. Here, we study the relative probabilities of homoplasy (including convergence and reversal) and hemiplasy for an incongruent trait. We derive expressions for the probabilities of the two events, showing that they depend on many of the same parameters. We find that hemiplasy is as likely— or more likely—than homoplasy for a wide range of conditions, even when levels of discordance are low. We also present a new method to calculate the ratio of these two probabilities (the “hemiplasy risk factor”) along the branches of a phylogeny of arbitrary length. Such calculations can be applied to any tree in order to identify when and where incongruent traits may be more likely to be due to hemiplasy than homoplasy.

Download Full-text

The mildly decreased preoperative bilirubin level is a risk factor for periprosthetic joint infection after total hip and knee arthroplasty

Arthroplasty ◽

10.1186/s42836-021-00096-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jun Fu ◽

Xiyue Chen ◽

Ming Ni ◽

Xiang Li ◽

Libo Hao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Bilirubin Level ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Periprosthetic Joint Infection ◽

Joint Infection ◽

Primary Arthroplasty ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Serologic Markers ◽

Hip And Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Laboratory Biomarkers

Abstract Background Many serologic markers are routinely tested prior to joint arthroplasty, but only few are commonly used to guide surgeons in determining patients most at risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The objective of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative bilirubin level and PJI after primary hip and knee arthroplasty. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on patients undergoing revision hip and knee arthroplasty at our hospital from January 2016 to December 2019. Laboratory biomarkers were collected before the primary arthroplasty, as well as general patient information. The association between the above serologic markers and postoperative PJI was analyzed. Results A total of 72 patients (30 hips/42 knees) were analyzed, including 39 patients with PJI and 33 patients without PJI. Except for total bilirubin (TB) and direct bilirubin (DB), there was no significant difference between the remaining laboratory biomarkers. The preoperative TB and DB in the PJI group were 10.84 ± 0.61 μmol/L and 3.07 ± 0.19 μmol/L, respectively, which were lower than those in the non-PJI group (14.68 ± 0.75 μmol/L and 4.70 ± 0.39 μmol/L, P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of preoperative TB to predict PJI was 0.755 (P < 0.001, cutoff = 11.55 μmol/L, sensitivity = 66.67%, specificity = 75.76%). Meanwhile, the AUC of preoperative DB was 0.760 (P < 0.001, cutoff = 4.00 μmol/L, sensitivity = 84.62%, specificity = 54.45%). Conclusions The serum levels of TB and DB before the primary arthroplasty were lower in PJI patients than in non-PJI patients, and the preoperative values lower than 11.55 μmol/L and 4.00 μmol/L could be considered as a risk factor for postoperative PJI.

Download Full-text

Asthma and Keratoconus: An analysis of the risk factors association with the severity of keratoconus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19388/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Srujana Sahebjada ◽

Elsie Chan ◽

Jing Xie ◽

Grant Snibson ◽

Mark Daniel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Educational Background ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Wide Range ◽

Multivariable Regression

Abstract Background: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Australia to explore a wide range of risk factors associated with keratoconus. A questionnaire addressing age, gender, educational background, ocular and medical history, smoking and alcohol consumption, and physical examination comprising anthropometric measurements was collected; eye examination was undertaken. The associations between a range of risk factors and keratoconus was determined using univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses.Main Text: A total of 260 keratoconus subjects were included in this study. Mean age of subject was 35.5 (SD= 14.8) years and the majority of the subjects were European 171 (68.2%). Initial univariate regression analysis identified the following risk factors at the p<0.1 level with keratoconus: higher body mass index, smoking cigarettes, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma were associated with increased severity of keratoconus, whereas eczema was associated with less severe keratoconus. Following multivariable regression analysis, only asthma remained as a significant risk factor associated with 2.2 diopters (D) steeper average mean keratometry compared to keratoconus subjects having no asthma [p = 0.03; β= 2.18; 95% confidence intervals: 1.22, 4.14].Conclusion: Our study describes the comprehensive assessment of all the known risk factors in a large keratoconus cohort recruited in Australia. Our study has reported asthma as the only risk factor found to be significantly associated with keratoconus. The results of this study allow us to better understand the aetiology of keratoconus and such a knowledge could be useful in instigate systemic management of patients to slow or prevent keratoconus.

Download Full-text

Organizing principles for single joint movements. III. Speed-insensitive strategy as a default

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.1990.63.3.625 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 625-636 ◽

Cited By ~ 131

Author(s):

G. L. Gottlieb ◽

D. M. Corcos ◽

G. C. Agarwal ◽

M. L. Latash

Keyword(s):

Human Subjects ◽

Movement Control ◽

Initial Position ◽

Initial Slope ◽

Range Of Movement ◽

Stationary Target ◽

Wide Range ◽

Inertial Torque ◽

Maximal Speed ◽

Speed Accuracy

1. Human subjects made discrete elbow flexions in a horizontal plane over different distances, from a stationary initial position to a visually defined stationary target 9 degrees wide. We measured joint angle, acceleration, and electromyograms (EMGs) from two agonist and two antagonist muscles. 2. Subjects made movements over four different distances following one of four different instructions. The first instructed the subject simply to choose a comfortable speed. The other three explicitly emphasized either speed, accuracy, or maintenance of the "same" speed over different distances. These instructions produced a wide range of movement velocities. 3. The initial rises of the acceleration (and therefore of the inertial torque), as well as the initial slope of the agonist EMG, were all invariant over changes in the target distance for any single instruction but were all sensitive to the given instruction. 4. Our results demonstrate that the speed-insensitive strategy is a standard or default pattern for performing movements that may be carried out for different instructions over a wide range of speeds. A uniform intensity of excitation pulse is not a byproduct of moving at maximal speed. Submaximal intensities are associated with submaximal speeds and are a selected feature of the pattern of movement control.

Download Full-text