scholarly journals Environmental factors linked with identifying as a sexual minority may increase suicidality risk

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Increased Risk

Adolescents who identify as a sexual minority (e.g., gay/lesbian, bisexual) are at an increased risk for suicidality compared to their heterosexual counterparts.1 Until now, inherent limitations in study design has meant that the extent of this association has been unclear.

scholarly journals Increase in the Risk of Respiratory Disorders in Adults and Children Related to Crop-Growing in Niger

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mamane ◽  
Jean-François Tessier ◽  
Ghislaine Bouvier ◽  
Roger Salamon ◽  
Pierre Lebailly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Background and Objective. Environmental factors are an increasing concern for respiratory health in developing countries. The objective of this study was to investigate whether Nigerien people living in cultivated areas have more respiratory symptoms than those living in pastoral areas. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 in two populations during the rainy season when land is cultivated. Environmental factors including pesticide use and respiratory symptoms were collected in adults and children during face-to-face interviews. Multivariate analysis between exposures and symptoms was performed in children and in adults separately. Results. The study included 471 adults and 229 children. Overall, none of the households reported the use of pesticides for agricultural purposes. However, 87.2% reported the use of insecticides at home. Multivariate analysis showed that people living in agricultural areas compared to those in pastoral areas had an increased risk of respiratory symptoms in adults (wheezing, dyspnea, sudden shortness of breath, and cough without fever) and in children (cough without fever). The use of insecticides showed no effect on respiratory symptoms after adjustment. Conclusion. This first epidemiological study on the environment and respiratory health conducted in Niger demonstrates a significant relationship between respiratory manifestations and the agricultural characteristics of the living area. However only the effect of insecticides in the home on respiratory health was observed.

The Relationship Between P16INK4A and TP53 Promoter Methylation and The Risk and Prognosis in Patients With Oesophageal Cancer in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arisara Poosari ◽  
Thitima Nutravong ◽  
Wises Namwat ◽  
Wiphawan Wasenang ◽  
Prakasit Sa-ngiamwibool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Oesophageal Cancer ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Tumour Suppressor Genes ◽  
Promoter Methylation Status ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract DNA methylation can regulate the expression of tumour suppressor genes P16 and TP53, environmental factors, which are both important factors related to an increased risk and prognosis of oesophageal cancer (EC). However, the association between these two genes methylation status, as well as the effects of gene-environment interactions, EC risk remains unclear. A Hospital-based case-control study data were collected from 105 new EC cases and 108 controls. Promoter methylation status was investigated for P16 and TP53 genes using methylation-specific polymerase (MSP) chain reaction methods with SYBR green. Logistic and Cox regression models were used to analyse the association of P16 and TP53 promotor methylation status with EC risk and prognosis, respectively. Our results suggest P16, TP53 methylation significantly increased the risk of EC (OR = 5.24, 95 % CI: 2.57–10.66, P < 0.001; OR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.17–6.67, P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, P16 and TP53 promoter methylation status and the combined effects between environmental factors and its methylations in tissue were correlated with the EC risk and prognosis of EC patients. As a new biomarker, the methylation of P16 and TP53 can serve as a potential predictive biomarker of EC.

Combined Effects of Lung Disease History, Environmental Exposures, and Family History of Lung Cancer to Susceptibility of Lung Cancer in Chinese Non-smokers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanglin Yu ◽  
Rendong Xiao ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Zhijian Hu ◽  
Lin Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Collective Effects ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Although cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, the incidence rate of lung cancer among non-smokers is notable. The etiology and potential mechanism of non-smoker lung cancer are worthy of further research. This study was designed to explore the collective effects of environmental factors and the relationship between environmental exposure index (EEI) and lung cancer among non-smokers by evaluating the joint effects among lung disease history, environmental factors, and family history of lung cancer without smoking confounders.Methods: A total of 767 never-smoked lung cancer cases and 767 sex- and age-matched controls were selected from the department of Thoracic Surgery and Respiratory Medicine of three hospitals in Fujian, China. We used two methods to develop the EEI according to 12 statistically significant environmental risk factors. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was applied to analyze the non-linear relationship between EEI and lung cancer in non-smokers. Combined effects, additive interaction, and multiplicative interaction were assessed among lung disease history, EEI, and family history of lung cancer to estimate susceptibility to develop lung cancer.Results: Lung disease history, especially asthma, was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer with an odds ratio (OR) for asthma history of 14.720 (95% CI: 1.877–115.449). Family history of lung cancer was related to susceptibility of lung cancer (OR = 3.347, 95% CI: 1.930–5.806). According to type of relatives and cancer, a parental or children’s history and a sibling’s history of lung cancer were significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. The positive association between EEI and lung cancer was apparently stronger in those with lung disease history or family lung cancer history. Furthermore, there was a addictive interaction between EEI and lung disease history, and a possibly addictive interaction between EEI and family lung cancer history on development of lung cancer.Conclusions: There were combined effects among lung disease history, environmental exposures, and family history of lung cancer toward susceptibility to lung cancer in Chinese non-smokers. Non-smokers who had a family history of lung cancer were at higher risk of lung cancer than non-smokers who had lung disease history. Non-smokers with family cancer history may obtain benefits from removal of environmental exposures and active treatment of lung disease.

scholarly journals Chinese Sexual Minority Male Adolescents’ Suicidality and Body Mass Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeen Huang ◽  
Pengsheng Li ◽  
Zhisheng Lai ◽  
Xiaofei Jia ◽  
Di Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Minority Males ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Increased Risk

Excess weight status may increase the risk of suicidality among sexual minority females, but few studies have examined this suicidality disparity in sexual minority males. This study examined the association between sexual minority status and suicide attempts in Chinese male adolescents and tested whether body mass index (BMI) had a moderating effect on that association. Data were collected from 7th to 12th graders from seven randomly selected provinces of China in the 2015 School-Based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey. In total, 72,409 male students completed the questionnaires regarding sexual attraction, self-reported weight and height, and suicide attempts. After adjustment for covariates, sexual minority status was associated with suicide attempts among male students (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.57–1.93). Stratification analyses showed that BMI category moderated this association; compared with the results before stratification analyses, sexual minority males who were obese had increased risk of suicide attempts (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.09–4.24), sexual minority males who were overweight had reduced odds of suicide attempts (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.01–1.92), and no significant association change was found in sexual minority males who were underweight (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.43–2.33). Our study indicated that BMI moderated the risk of suicide attempts in sexual minority males. Suicide prevention targeting sexual minority males should be focused on weight status disparity and the creation of a positive climate to reduce minority stressors due to body image.

scholarly journals Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Methamphetamine Use among Young Sexual Minority Men: The P18 Cohort Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kaplun ◽  
Richard J. Martino ◽  
Kristen D. Krause ◽  
Michael Briganti ◽  
Paul A. D’Avanzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Sexual Minority Men ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Methamphetamine use is associated with increased risk of HIV infection among young sexual minority men (SMM). Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is an effective strategy for individuals who are exposed to HIV, but there is limited research about PEP use among young SMM and its relationship with methamphetamine use. This study analyzes the association between ever PEP use and recent methamphetamine use among young SMM in New York City, using cross-sectional data from the P18 Cohort Study (n = 429). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between methamphetamine use and ever PEP use. Compared with those who had not used methamphetamine in the last 6 months, young SMM who did use methamphetamine were significantly more likely to have ever used PEP (AOR = 6.07, 95% CI: 2.10–16.86). Young SMM who had ever used PrEP had 16 times higher odds of ever using PEP (AOR = 16, 95% CI: 7.41–35.95). Those who completed bachelor’s degrees were 61% less likely to have ever used PEP (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.88). These data suggest that methamphetamine use could increase the risk of HIV infection, highlighting the critical need to target interventions for young SMM who use methamphetamine and are more likely to engage in unprotected intercourse.

Gene–environment interplay in the etiology of psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1925-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Zwicker ◽  
Eileen M. Denovan-Wright ◽  
Rudolf Uher
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSchizophrenia and other types of psychosis incur suffering, high health care costs and loss of human potential, due to the combination of early onset and poor response to treatment. Our ability to prevent or cure psychosis depends on knowledge of causal mechanisms. Molecular genetic studies show that thousands of common and rare variants contribute to the genetic risk for psychosis. Epidemiological studies have identified many environmental factors associated with increased risk of psychosis. However, no single genetic or environmental factor is sufficient to cause psychosis on its own. The risk of developing psychosis increases with the accumulation of many genetic risk variants and exposures to multiple adverse environmental factors. Additionally, the impact of environmental exposures likely depends on genetic factors, through gene–environment interactions. Only a few specific gene–environment combinations that lead to increased risk of psychosis have been identified to date. An example of replicable gene–environment interaction is a common polymorphism in theAKT1gene that makes its carriers sensitive to developing psychosis with regular cannabis use. A synthesis of results from twin studies, molecular genetics, and epidemiological research outlines the many genetic and environmental factors contributing to psychosis. The interplay between these factors needs to be considered to draw a complete picture of etiology. To reach a more complete explanation of psychosis that can inform preventive strategies, future research should focus on longitudinal assessments of multiple environmental exposures within large, genotyped cohorts beginning early in life.

scholarly journals The association of cellulitis incidence and meteorological factors in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-Jun Hsu ◽  
Chia-Cheng Chou ◽  
Jui-Ming Liu ◽  
See-Tong Pang ◽  
Chien-Yu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
The Public ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Central Weather Bureau

AbstractCellulitis is a common infection of the skin and soft tissue. Susceptibility to cellulitis is related to microorganism virulence, the host immunity status and environmental factors. This retrospective study from 2001 to 2013 investigated relationships between the monthly incidence rate of cellulitis and meteorological factors using data from the Taiwanese Health Insurance Dataset and the Taiwanese Central Weather Bureau. Meteorological data included temperature, hours of sunshine, relative humidity, total rainfall and total number of rainy days. In otal, 195 841 patients were diagnosed with cellulitis and the incidence rate was strongly correlated with temperature (γS = 0.84, P < 0.001), total sunshine hours (γS = 0.65, P < 0.001) and total rainfall (γS = 0.53, P < 0.001). The incidence rate of cellulitis increased by 3.47/100 000 cases for every 1° elevation in environmental temperature. Our results may assist clinicians in educating the public of the increased risk of cellulitis during warm seasons and possible predisposing environmental factors for infection.

Conjugal multiple sclerosis in Isfahan, Iran: a population-based study

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Maghzi ◽  
M. Etemadifar ◽  
V. Shaygannejad ◽  
M. Saadatnia ◽  
M. Salehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Marital Relationship ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Estimated Risk

Conjugal multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rare form of MS in which both spouses are affected, and at least one is affected after marriage. Among 1606 definite MS patients, 1076 were in marital relationship, among whom we identified six conjugal pairs, giving the conjugal rate of 0.5%. This rate is 12.5 times higher than the estimated risk of MS for the general population (0.04%). The observed conjugal rate suggests an increased risk of developing MS for MS patients' spouses, this could be due to transmission or, more likely, to the same environmental factors shared in adult life. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 673-675. http://msj.sagepub.com

Asthma and Pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant C. Lynde
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Acute Exacerbations ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Asthma’s progression during pregnancy is highly variable. Improvement in symptoms can be seen in 18%–34% of patients, while worsening of symptoms can be seen in 20%–42% of patients. Acute exacerbations of asthma are most frequently seen late in the second trimester and are associated with a viral upper-respiratory infection. An acute exacerbation of asthma in the parturient can result in increased risk of maternal mortality, preterm delivery, and low-birth-weight infants. In patients with moderate to severe asthma, good control with inhaled corticosteroids, such as budesonide, is a cornerstone of reducing morbidity and mortality. The four components of care for the asthmatic patient are education, control of environmental factors, medications, and monitoring of symptoms.

Do Depression and Binge Drinking Explain the Increased Risk of Sexual Violence Among Sexual Minority Middle and High School Girls?

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093850
Author(s):  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Emily A. Waterman ◽  
Victoria L. Banyard
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Heterosexual Youth ◽  
Minority Girls

Sexual violence (SV) occurs at rates higher among sexual minority youth than heterosexual youth, but the mechanisms explaining this higher risk are understudied. We examined if binge drinking and depression explain the higher rates of SV victimization among sexual minority middle and high school girls. Female students ( N = 1,145) in Grades 7th to 10th completed a survey that assessed for SV, binge drinking, depression, sexual orientation identification, and sex at birth. Sexual minority girls had higher rates of SV victimization compared with heterosexual girls. Binge drinking and depression fully mediated the relationship between sexual orientation status and SV victimization among girls. SV prevention programming for sexual minority girls are urgently needed. Programs that seek to reduce binge drinking and depression may be especially impactful in reducing the risk of violence among sexual minority girls.

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