Synthetic materials used for the substitution of bone defects: Critical review

Bioactive compounds, called phytochemicals, are produced as secondary metabolites in plants that have beneficial effects on health when they are consumed as nutrients. Phytochemicals have an effective role in the formation of the color, smell and taste of the plants. As an alternative to the synthetic materials used in the treatment of many chronic diseases, the interest in the use of plants phytochemicals have been increased. This trend has led to the development of a new market. This review includes biological activities of plant phytochemicals including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anticancer and antihypertensive properties.

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New Perspectives in the Use of Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12132197 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (13) ◽

pp. 2197 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Federico Ausenda ◽

Giulio Rasperini ◽

Raffaele Acunzo ◽

Angelina Gorbunkova ◽

Giorgio Pagni

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Barrier Membranes ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Materials Used

Periodontitis is a disease with a high prevalence among adults. If not treated, it can lead to loss of teeth. Periodontal therapy aims at maintaining patient’s teeth through infection control and correction of non-maintainable anatomies including—when possible—regeneration of lost periodontal tissues. The biological regenerative potential of the periodontium is high, and several biomaterials can be utilized to improve the outcome of periodontal therapy. Use of different natural and synthetic materials in the periodontal field has been studied for many years. The main materials used today in periodontology analyzed in this review are: Resorbable and non-resorbable barrier membranes; autogenous, allogeneic, xenogeneic, and alloplastic bone substitutes; biological agents, such as amelogenins; platelet-derived growth factor; bone morphogenic proteins; rh fibroblast growth factor 2; teriparatide hormone; platelet concentrates; and 3D scaffolds. With the development of new surgical techniques some concepts on periodontal regeneration that were strictly applied in the past seem to be not so critical today. This can have an impact on the materials that are needed when attempting to regenerate lost periodontal structures. This review aims at presenting a rationale behind the use of biomaterials in modern periodontal regeneration

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Analysis of Mandibular Test Specimens Used to Assess a Bone Fixation System

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1393732 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 171-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

LeandroStocco Baccarin ◽

Renato Correa Viana Casarin ◽

JorgeVicente Lopes-da-Silva ◽

LuisAugusto Passeri

Keyword(s):

Biomechanical Testing ◽

Load Resistance ◽

Fixation Method ◽

Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy ◽

Biomechanical Behavior ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

Group A ◽

Materials Used ◽

Group B

The aim of this study was to assess through biomechanical testing if different synthetic materials used to fabricate test specimens have a different biomechanical behavior in comparison with other materials when simulating in vitro load resistance of a fixation method established for sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). Thirty synthetic and standardized human hemimandible replicas with SSRO were divided into three groups of 10 samples each. Group A—ABS plastic; Group B—polyamide; and Group C—polyurethane. These were fixated with three bicortical position screws (16 mm in length, 2.0-mm system) in an inverted L pattern using perforation guide and 5-mm advancement. Each sample was submitted to linear vertical load, and load strength values were recorded at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 mm of displacement. The means and standard deviation were compared using the analysis of variance ( p < 0.05) and the Tukey test. A tendency for lower values was observed in Group B in comparison with Groups A and C. At 3 and 5 mm of displacement, a difference between Groups A and C was found in comparison with Group B ( p < 0.05). At 7 and 10 mm of displacement, a difference was found among the three groups, in which Group C showed the highest values and Group B the lowest ( p < 0.05). Taking into consideration the results obtained and the behavior of each material used as a substrate, significant differences occurred among the materials when compared among them.

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Analytical Calculation of Resistance to Burst of Single Jersey Underlying Two Synthetic Materials Used in Furniture Industry

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.254.102 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 254 ◽

pp. 102-105

Author(s):

Bianca Cristina Lengyel ◽

Anghel Cernescu ◽

Cristian Sorin Nes

Keyword(s):

Everyday Life ◽

Composite Structure ◽

Analytical Calculation ◽

Analytic Study ◽

Furniture Industry ◽

Synthetic Leather ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

Materials Used ◽

Single Jersey

Synthetic leather materials, that have single jersey in their structures, are widely used both for the seat covers of cars and in the case of seats for furniture used in everyday life. To develop constructive and ingenious solutions that increase the durability of these materials in time, it is necessary to know all the requests that these materials have fulfil. In this paper we proposed an analytic study of two synthetic leather materials in terms of resistance to burst of the knits underlying their composite structure.

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Surface Properties, Efficacy and Biological Responses to Biomaterials

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-110-313 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 110 ◽

Author(s):

J. E. Lemons

Keyword(s):

Surface Properties ◽

Porous Titanium ◽

Bulk Properties ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

Biological Responses ◽

Surgical Implants ◽

Tissue Responses ◽

Device Applications ◽

Materials Used ◽

Cobalt Base

AbstractBiological responses to synthetic materials used for the construction of surgical implants often determine device longevities. Over the past two decades, individuals from basic and applied disciplines have attempted to better understand the phenomena associated with biomaterial to tissue interfaces and to better control the surface and bulk properties of the synthetic substances for each area of device applications. Surface properties of metals, polymers, ceramics and composites are reviewed and where possible, correlated with tissue responses. Specific examples of solid and porous titanium and cobalt base alloys are presented to demonstrate the importance of surface and bulk properties with respect to biocompatibility.

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Comparative study on stiffness properties of WOODCAST and conventional casting materials

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.1177/0309364612465885 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 336-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eija Pirhonen ◽

Antti Pärssinen ◽

Mika Pelto

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Variable Stiffness ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Plaster Of Paris ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

Stiffness Properties ◽

Materials Used ◽

Cylindrical Samples

Background and Aim: Plaster-of-Paris and synthetic materials (e.g. fibreglass) have been in clinical use as casting materials for decades. An innovative casting material, WOODCAST, brings interesting alternatives to the traditional materials. The aim of this study was to compare the stiffness properties of the WOODCAST material to traditional casting materials. Technique: In immobilization by casting, materials with variable stiffness properties are required. Ring stiffness of cylindrical samples correlates well with cast rigidity. Discussion: For load-bearing structures, the use of the WOODCAST Splint is recommended as equally high stiffness was obtained with the WOODCAST Splint as was with fibreglass. The WOODCAST 2 mm product is optimal for structures where some elasticity is required, and WOODCAST Ribbon can be used in any WOODCAST structure where further reinforcement is needed. The results show that WOODCAST material can be used in replacing traditional casting materials used in extremity immobilization. Clinical relevance The mechanical properties of casting material play an important role in safe and effective fracture immobilization. Stiffness properties of the WOODCAST casting material and conventional materials – fibreglass and plaster-of-Paris – were analysed in this study. The WOODCAST Splint appears to compare favorably with traditional materials such as Scotchcast.

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Critical Review of Earth-Abundant Borides and Phosphides for Water Electrolysis: Transition from the Lab to the Market

Johnson Matthey Technology Review ◽

10.1595/205651321x16067419458185 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alexey Serov ◽

Kirill Kovnir ◽

Michael Shatruk ◽

Yury V. Kolen’ko

Keyword(s):

Critical Review ◽

Electronic Structures ◽

Water Electrolysis ◽

H2 Production ◽

Platinum Group Metals ◽

Environmentally Benign ◽

Structure Property ◽

Widespread Implementation ◽

Earth Abundant ◽

Materials Used

To combat the global problem of CO2 emissions, H2 is the desired energy vector for the transition to environmentally benign fuel cell power. Water electrolysis (WE) is the major technology for sustainable H2 production. Despite the use of renewable solar and wind power as sources of electricity, one of the main barriers for the widespread implementation of WE is the scarcity and high cost of platinum-group metals (PGMs) that are used to catalyze the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Hence, the critical PGM-based catalysts must be replaced with more sustainable alternatives for WE technologies to become commercially viable. This critical review describes the state-of-the-art PGM-free materials used in the WE application. Several emerging classes of HER and OER catalysts are reviewed and detailed structureproperty correlations are comprehensively summarized. The influence of the crystallographic and electronic structures, morphology, and bulk and surface chemistry of the catalysts on the activity towards OER and HER is discussed.

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Identification of the type of paint, acrylic or vinyl, in works of two contemporary painters, Manuel Vilarinho and Pedro Cabrita Reis, by ATR-FTIR

Conservar Património ◽

10.14568/cp2018062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 109-115

Author(s):

Maria Eduarda Araújo ◽

Oleksander Pavlyshyn ◽

Alice Nogueira Alves

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Fine Arts ◽

Spectroscopic Technique ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

First Case ◽

Materials Used ◽

Acrylic Paints ◽

Contemporary Artists

Many times, records of the materials used by contemporary artists in their first works are scarce. If the work under study has been carried out during the artist youth, sometimes artists just remember to have used synthetic materials but no longer have memory of its specific type. In the last decades of the 20th century, vinyl-based synthetic paints marketed as Sabu paints, were sold at affordable prices making them popular among the students of Fine Arts as substitutes of more expensive acrylic paints. Using the ATR-FTIR spectroscopic technique it was possible to unequivocally distinguish acrylic from vinyl paints in two early works from Manuel Vilarinho and Pedro Cabrita Reis, both belonging to the collection of the Faculdade de Belas-Artes da Universidade de Lisboa. Samples from the first case painting presented the characteristic peaks of acrylic paints while those collected from the second case paint presented the characteristic peaks of Sabu paints.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOFILMS FROM SELECTED SYNTHETIC MATERIALS USED IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Journal of Ecological Engineering ◽

10.12911/22998993/67850 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 284-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Izabela Biedroń ◽

Teodora Traczewska ◽

Tomasz Konieczny ◽

Grażyna Płaza

Keyword(s):

Distribution System ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution System ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

Materials Used

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Prospective of Natural Gum Nanoparticulate Against Cardiovascular Disorders

Current Chemical Biology ◽

10.2174/2212796813666190328194825 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 197-211

Author(s):

Aakash Deep ◽

Neeraj Rani ◽

Ashok Kumar ◽

Rimmy Nandal ◽

Prabodh C. Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Drug Release ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Stabilizing Agents ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

Materials Used ◽

Cellular Components

Background: Objective: Various natural gums can be synergistically used in nanoparticulate drug delivery systems to treat cardiovascular diseases. Nanotechnology has been integrated into healthcare in terms of theranostics. In this review, we consider various natural gums that can be used for the preparation of nanoparticles and their role to treat cardiovascular disease. Methods: Nanoparticles can carry drugs at nanoscales and deliver them to the targeted sites with the desired pattern of drug release. They have specialized uptake mechanisms (e.g. - absorptive endocytosis) which improve the bioavailability of drugs. Results: By considering cardiovascular diseases at the molecular level, it is possible to modify the materials with nanotechnology and apply nano-formulations efficiently as compared with conventional preparations, due to the fact that the extracellular matrix (ECM) comprises components at the nanoscale range. The interactions of ECM components with cellular components occur at the nanoscale, therefore the nanomaterials have the potential to maintain the nanoscale properties of cells. The synthetic materials used to develop the nanoparticulate drug delivery system may cause toxicity. Conclusion: This problem can be overcome by using natural polymers. Natural gums can be used in nanoparticulate drug delivery systems as reducing and stabilizing agents and in some cases; they may directly or indirectly influence the rate of drug release and absorption from the preparation.

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