Interest, Actors and Intent: Studying the Global by Understanding the Domestic

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-90
Author(s):  
Shaun Breslin
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Global Power ◽  
Economic Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
International Interactions ◽  
Inside Out

The chapter disaggregates different types and levels of authority and agency in China’s international interactions. It outlines a system of bounded autonomy where the state retains the ability to set overarching agendas, and also to control key levers of economic control that create and shape the nature of the market that others have to operate within. But this still leaves considerable freedom for others to pursue their own agendas under ‘normal’ circumstances, and to manipulate political agendas to serve local and private economic interests. The chapter also focusses in on domestic Chinese debates over its place in the world, and how studying them can give is a clearer understanding of how China’s place in the world looks from the inside out. In addition to showing how these debates have evolved, the chapter also shows how a consensus of sorts has emerged over what China might (or should) seek to achieve as a global power.

Pluralizing Global Governance

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
World Order ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Regional Perspective

The concluding chapter summarizes the four main findings of the volume. The first concerns a certain retreat from global governance despite the multilateral and unstable nature of the world order in the early twenty-first century. Second, contributions to this volume highlight the power but also the problems that a regional perspective yields in our efforts to decentralize and pluralize our understanding of global governance. Third, that our critical approach to global governance has to cultivate an element of self-reflexivity. Just as we question the western-centric domination in discussions on global governance, when adopting decentralized, regional views we need to keep this element of self-reflexivity and plurality alive. This is no simple enterprise. And fourth, that the agent of global governance remains elusive. Doing away with the state leaves us with a rather fuzzy constellation of different types of institutions with different levels of aspiration and capacity to govern transnationally.

scholarly journals Evaluation Methods for the Impacts of Shared Mobility: Classification and Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10504
Author(s):  
Anastasia Roukouni ◽  
Gonçalo Homem de Almeida Correia
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Shared Mobility ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pros And Cons

In recent years, shared mobility services have had a growing presence in cities all over the world. Developing methodologies to measure and evaluate the impacts of shared mobility has therefore become of critical importance for city authorities. This paper conducts a thorough review of the different types of methods that can be used for this evaluation and suggests a classification of them. The pros and cons of each method are also discussed. The added value of the paper is twofold; first, we provide a systematic recording of the state of the art and the state of the practice regarding the evaluation of the impacts of shared mobility, from the perspective of city authorities, reflecting on their role, needs, and expectations. Second, by identifying the existing gaps in the literature, we highlight the specific needs for research and practice in this field that can help society figure out the role of urban shared mobility.

State and development prospects of the packaging market

2021 ◽  
pp. 708-719
Author(s):  
M.A. Nikolaeva ◽  
P.I. Mayskova
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Technological Cycle ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Development Prospects

The article examines the state of the packaging market in the world and in Russia. The structure of the assortment of the produced packaging is revealed; the requirements for packaging at different stages of the technological cycle are established. A comparative characteristic of the environmental friendliness of different types of packaging has been carried out. The promising directions for improving packaging and developing its market are demonstrated.

scholarly journals ENGLISH: Political and constitutional aspect of Raymond Davis case in Islamic perspective of Qisas and Diyat Law

rahatulquloob ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Abdul Raheem ◽  
Dr. Adil Zaman Kasi
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Islamic Country ◽  
Sharia Law ◽  
The World ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
Holy Book

Islam is the religion of peace as per its will and spirit it spreads peace throughout the world. As it is mentioned in the holy book Quran: "مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَوْ فَسَادٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا وَمَنْ أَحْيَاهَا فَكَأَنَّمَا أَحْيَا النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا" This spirit of peace and will reflects in every field of life. Islam imposes different types of Hudood (Punishments) to ensure peace. Allah Almighty called Qisas as life itself, as Allah directed us in holy Quran. وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ  The importance of Qisas is very much clear in Islam as it is mentioned in above verse. Pakistan is also an Islamic country as its base is on Islamic Ideology so Qisas and Diyat law is part of our judiciary. Similarly an incident took place that an US intelligence person Raymond Davis killed two people in Lahore. If this case is seen in the context of Shariah, many aspects of it come to the fore. From a Shariah point of view, Shariah has declared qisas as life۔ Shari'a prescribes severe punishments for crimes against the sovereignty of the state. According to Sharia law and the constitution of Pakistan, Raymond Davis crimes are of this nature. According to Sharia, he is punished for qisas and blatant violation of the Constitution of Pakistan.

Economic security of the state: legal instruments and mechanisms to ensure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabi S. Ziyadullaev ◽  
◽  
Aida S. Omarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Russian State ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The World ◽  
External Borrowing ◽  
National Economic Security

The monograph is devoted to the study of topical issues of ensuring national economic security in the context of the globalization of the world economy, the activation of international integration processes, the increase in the volume of transactions and external borrowing in the world financial markets, as well as currency and investment flows from one country to another. Economic security is considered from the position of the most important national priority of any state, assuming invulnerability to possible external and internal threats and influences. The monograph analyzes the strategic orientation of the external and internal functions of the Russian state, conditioned by objective needs and expressing the legal, economic and social purpose of the state, its essence, providing ample opportunities to justify the choice of priority areas for the development of the state and society at the appropriate stage; identifying the nature of the state's activities and the level of its organization. The article deals with the development of the concept of subsidiary liability as a tool for improving the efficiency of the functioning of the institute of bank-ruptcy and ensuring national economic security; it presents the content characteristics of the institute of insolvency (bankruptcy) in the Russian Federation. The regional economic security of the integration association is considered as a kind of inter-national economic security, which includes systemic relations with the totality of the national eco-nomic security systems of the participating countries, appropriate institutions for coordinating and regulating common and national economic interests, with the unconditional primacy of integration legislation.

scholarly journals Understanding Central Asia’s Security and Economic Interests

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Nirmala Joshi ◽  
Kamala Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Geographical Proximity ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Global Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Power Play

Central Asia has always been at the centre of global power play, due to its geographic location in the centre of Eurasia and its abundant natural resources that have attracted world attention. It has, however, been caught in the vortex of international politics. An interplay of globalisation, technology and geopolitics is evident in the evolving Eurasian politics. Connectivity projects, rail, road and energy pipelines are criss-crossing the region. Its geographical proximity to Afghanistan—part of its geopolitical space—impinges on its efforts to build peace and stability. Regional cooperation is gradually taking shape in Central Asia and holds the promise of their status as independent entities. As Afghanistan is crucial for them, as well as for the world at large, understanding the security and economic issues of Central Asia becomes important. This article apart from highlighting the security and economic interests would also delineate the challenges accompanying these issues keeping the potential perspective in mind.

China and the World

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Relations ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Public Opinion Surveys ◽  
Global Power ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
International Interactions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
External Behavior ◽  
The Impact

China and the World is the most comprehensive, up-to-date scholarly assessment of China’s foreign relations and roles in international affairs. Students, scholars, practitioners, and publics worldwide will benefit from the information and insights contained herein. Written by sixteen leading international specialists, it covers China’s contemporary position in all regions of the world, with all major powers, and across multiple arenas of China’s international interactions. It also explores the sources of China’s grand strategy, how the past shapes the present, and the impact of domestic factors that shape China’s external behavior. As the world evolves in increasingly unpredictable directions, the impact of China will be one of the key determinants of the future global order. No country or society can escape China’s reach—indeed, many seek its embrace. China brings benefits to many but is also a problematic interlocutor for others. Overall, public opinion surveys indicate that China’s reputation around the world is mixed, with as many societies viewing China favorably as unfavorably. This volume explores the sources of this ambivalence. As China becomes a leading global power, and its footprint continually expands on different continents, understanding the parameters of its international presence, and what motivates China, is imperative for others. This volume digs deep inside China’s multidimensional “toolbox” to explore the instruments that Beijing uses around the world: economic, diplomatic, cultural, military, media, and other elements. China and the World provides many insights into China’s calculations and behavior and identifies a number of challenges China will face in the future.

Provincialising International Relations through a reading of dharma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Giorgio Shani ◽  
Navnita Chadha Behera
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Cosmic Order ◽  
The World ◽  
Inside Out

Abstract This article will attempt to ‘provincialise’ (Chakrabarty, 2000) the ‘secular cosmology’ of International Relations (IR) through an examination of the relational cosmology of dharma. We argue that IR is grounded in ‘secularised’ Judaeo-Christian assumptions concerning time, relations between self and other, order, and the sovereign state that set the epistemic limits of the discipline. These assumptions will be ‘provincialised’ through an engagement with dharma based on a reading of The Mahābharāta, one of the oldest recorded texts in the world. We argue that the concept of dharma offers a mode of understanding the multidimensionality of human existence without negating any of its varied, contradictory expressions. By deconstructing notions of self and other, dharma illustrates how all beings are related to one another in a moral, social, and cosmic order premised on human agency, which flows from ‘inside-out’ rather than ‘outside-in’ and that is governed by a heterogenous understanding of time. This order places limits on the state's exercise of power in a given territory by making the state responsible for creating social conditions that would enable all beings to realise their potential, thus qualifying the principle of state sovereignty that remains the foundation of the ‘secular cosmology of IR’.

Knowledge and Awareness of Dengue Fever

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Y. Arockia Suganthi ◽  
Chitra K. ◽  
J. Magelin Mary
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control

Dengue fever is a painful mosquito-borne infection caused by different types of virus in various localities of the world. There is no particular medicine or vaccine to treat person suffering from dengue fever. Dengue viruses are transmitted by the bite of female Aedes (Ae) mosquitoes. Dengue fever viruses are mainly transmitted by Aedes which can be active in tropical or subtropical climates. Aedes Aegypti is the key step to avoid infection transmission to save millions of people in all over the world. This paper provides a standard guideline in the planning of dengue prevention and control measures. At the same time gives the priorities including clinical management and hospitalized dengue patients have to address essentially.

R. K. Singh: The Poet Who Celebrates 'senses' to attain 'Nirvana'

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-154
Author(s):  
Ram Thakur
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Inside Out

This paper discusses a few of R.K.Singh’s characteristic poetic traits that make him stand apart from all his contemporary Indian poets writing in English. His poetry is an honest attempt to portray the contemporary world in its true hue and color; present an inside-out delineation of the modern man; and touch upon all the so-called ‘untouchable’ i.e., topics such as ‘Sex’, ‘Prostitution’, ‘Cultural Degradation’, ‘Stinking Politics’, ‘Religion’, etc. Reader finds Singh celebrating all his senses in his ‘unique’ attempt to attain the state of complete ‘Peace’ or ‘Calm’. His poetry serves as a medium for him to reach the state of ‘nirvana’. Reader finds Singh’s poetry as a prism that diffracts the worldly affairs into different spectrums, analyses each, and again sums it all into a single hue of liberation and peace with ‘detachment’ displaying the mark of a seasoned ‘yogi’. The paper aims to encourage other researchers and people in the academia to explore recent band of emerging Indian poets expressing themselves in English.

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