scholarly journals Population-Level Benefits from Providing Effective HIV Prevention Means to Pregnant Women in High Prevalence Settings

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e73770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dobromir Dimitrov ◽  
Marie-Claude Boily ◽  
Jeannie Marrazzo ◽  
Richard Beigi ◽  
Elizabeth R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Population Level ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI EFEKTIVITAS PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN HIV DARI IBU KE ANAK (PPIA) DI KOTA JAYAPURA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
Hesty Tumangke ◽  
Melkior Tappy ◽  
Rispan Kendek
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Pregnant Mother ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Local Primary Care ◽  
Report System ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstrak Provinsi Papua memiliki prevalensi HIV/AIDS tinggi, dimana terdapat 6957 wanita usia 15-49 tahun menderita HIV/AIDS. Masalah ini dapat menyebabkan penularan HIV/AIDS ke bayi bahkan kematian bayi karena HIV. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa faktor yang mempengaruhi keberlangsungan program PPIA. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam. Penelitian dilakukan di Jayapura, Dinas Kesehatan Kota Jayapura dari Januari 2015 sampai Juni 2015. Populasi penelitian adalah semua tenaga kesehatan di dinas kesehatan kota Jayapura, dan sampel nya adalah 12 orang mencakup kepala UPT AIDS TB, kepala seksi P2PL, kepala puksesmas, kepala KIA, staf KIA dan penanggung jawab HIV puskesmas. Pengambilan sampel adalah purposif sampling dan data dianalisis dengan triangulasi. PPIA tidak berhasil karena rendah nya K1 dan juga K4, dimana ada puskesmas yang memiliki K4 hanya 58%. Di rumah sakit Abepura ditemukan 8 kelahiran bayi dengan HIV, hal ini karena ibu hamil positif yang tidak menkonsumsi ARV secara rutin sampai melahirkan. Rendah nya K1 juga disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yaitu ibu hamil lebih tertarik ke dokter praktek, suami yang tidak setuju bila istri nya mendapatkan tes VCT, dan rendah nya kesadaran ibu hamil akan pentingnya K1 sampai K4 dan juga VCT. Begitu juga dengan SIHA yang tidak berjalan dengan baik. Kata kunci : Pencegahan HIV, Ibu hamil, bayi, Jayapura   Papua province has high prevalence of HIV/AIDS where there was 6957 cases among women age 15-49 years old. Moreover, this increasedthe number of infants with HIV and impact the rise of infant mortality rate.This study aims to analize factors that affected this HIV prevention from mother to child. This study is qualitative using indeep interview, and located in Jayapura City from January 2015 to June 2015. The population is all staffs in Jayapura’s Health Department, and the total sample is 12 including head of this program, staff of local primary care, staf of hospital, and staffs that have responsibily to run this program. This is purposive sampling, and data will analize with triangulation. HIV prevention is not success due to the low rate of pregnant women visit to local primary care. There was a local primary care that only has 58% of pregnant women visit. In Abepura hospital 2015, there was 8 cases of childborn with HIV. This is because many positive mothers did not consum ARV. The low visit in local primary care has several causes such as mother more willing to go to private obsetric, treat from husband where husband  didn’t allow VCT to his wive, and the low self efficacy of pregnant mother. The HIV report system is not well implemented. Key words : HIV Prevention, pregnant mother, infant, Jayapura

scholarly journals Caring for Pregnant Patients with COVID-19: Practical Tips Getting from Policy to Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (08) ◽  
pp. 850-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriya London ◽  
Rodney McLaren ◽  
Janet Stein ◽  
Fouad Atallah ◽  
Nelli Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Key Points ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Psychosocial Challenges ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Hospital Protocols ◽  
Zip Code

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic with most American cases in New York. As an institution residing in a high-prevalence zip code, with over 8,000 births annually, we have cared for over 80 COVID-19-infected pregnant women, and have encountered many challenges in applying new national standards for care. In this article, we review how to change outpatient and inpatient practices, develop, and disseminate new hospital protocols, and we highlight the psychosocial challenges for pregnant patients and their providers. Key Points

scholarly journals Associations of the pre-pregnancy weight status with anemia and the erythropoiesis-related micronutrient status

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Noor Rohmah Mayasari ◽  
Tzu-Yu Hu ◽  
Jane C-J Chao ◽  
Chyi-Huey Bai ◽  
Yi Chun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Pregnancy Weight

Abstract Objective: The coexistence of underweight (UW) and overweight (OW)/obese (OB) at the population level is known to affect iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), but how the weight status affects erythropoiesis during pregnancy is less clear at a population scale. This study investigated associations between the pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) and erythropoiesis-related nutritional deficiencies. Design: Anthropometry, blood biochemistry, and 24-h dietary recall data were collected during prenatal care visits. The weight status was defined based on the pBMI. Mild nutrition deficiency-related erythropoiesis was defined if individuals had an ID, folate depletion, or a vitamin B12 deficiency. Setting: The Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (Pregnant NAHSIT 2017-2019). Participants: We included 1456 women aged 20 to 45 years with singleton pregnancies. Results: Among these pregnant women, 9.6% were UW, and 29.2% were either OW (15.8%) or OB (13.4%). A U-shaped association between the pBMI and IDA was observed, with decreased odds (OR; 95% CI) for OW subjects (0.6; 0.4˜0.9) but increased odds for UW (1.2; 0.8˜2.0) and OB subjects (1.2; 0.8˜1.8). The pBMI was positively correlated with the prevalence of a mild nutritional deficiency. Compared to normal weight (NW), OB pregnant women had 3.4-fold (3.4; 1.4˜8.1) higher odds for multiple mild nutritional deficiencies, while UW individuals had lowest odds (0.3; 0.1-1.2). A dietary analysis showed negative relationships of pBMI with energy, carbohydrates, protein, iron, and folate intakes, but positive relationship with fat intakes. Conclusion: The pre-pregnancy weight status can possibly serve as a good nutritional screening tool for preventing IDA during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Genomic and phenotypic characterisation of invasive neonatal and colonising group B Streptococcus isolates from Slovenia, 2001–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Perme ◽  
Daniel Golparian ◽  
Maja Bombek Ihan ◽  
Andrej Rojnik ◽  
Miha Lučovnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Neonatal Disease ◽  
Phenotypic Characterisation ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of invasive neonatal disease in the industrialized world. We aimed to genomically and phenotypically characterise invasive GBS isolates in Slovenia from 2001 to 2018 and contemporary colonising GBS isolates from screening cultures in 2018. Methods GBS isolates from 101 patients (invasive isolates) and 70 pregnant women (colonising isolates) were analysed. Basic clinical characteristics of the patients were collected from medical records. Antimicrobial susceptibility and phenotypic capsular serotype were determined. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to assign multilocus sequence types (STs), clonal complexes (CCs), pathogenicity/virulence factors, including capsular genotypes, and genome-based phylogeny. Results Among invasive neonatal disease patients, 42.6% (n = 43) were females, 41.5% (n = 39/94) were from preterm deliveries (< 37 weeks gestation), and 41.6% (n = 42) had early-onset disease (EOD). All isolates were susceptible to benzylpenicillin with low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs; ≤0.125 mg/L). Overall, 7 serotypes were identified (Ia, Ib, II-V and VIII); serotype III being the most prevalent (59.6%). Twenty-eight MLST STs were detected that clustered into 6 CCs. CC-17 was the most common CC overall (53.2%), as well as among invasive (67.3%) and non-invasive (32.9%) isolates (p < 0.001). CC-17 was more common among patients with late-onset disease (LOD) (81.4%) compared to EOD (47.6%) (p < 0.001). The prevalence of other CCs was 12.9% (CC-23), 11.1% (CC-12), 10.5% (CC-1), 8.2% (CC-19), and 1.8% (CC-498). Of all isolates, 2.3% were singletons. Conclusions A high prevalence of hypervirulent CC-17 isolates, with low genomic diversity and characteristic profile of pathogenicity/virulence factors, was detected among invasive neonatal and colonising GBS isolates from pregnant women in Slovenia. This is the first genomic characterisation of GBS isolates in Slovenia and provides valuable microbiological and genomic baseline data regarding the invasive and colonising GBS population nationally. Continuous genomic surveillance of GBS infections is crucial to analyse the impact of IND prevention strategies on the population structure of GBS locally, nationally, and internationally.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in rural Koppal: a study from teaching hospital, Koppal, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema B. N.
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Anemia is the nutritional deficiency disorder and 56% of all women living in developing countries are anaemic according to World Health Organization. India has the highest prevalence of anaemia and 20% of total maternal deaths are due to anemia. To determine the prevalence of anemia and factors influencing its causation among pregnant women.           Methods: This is the study of 1769 pregnant women which was conducted in a rural population of Koppal district, Karnataka, India, from June 2016 to November 2016 i.e. a period of 6 months. This longitudinal prospective observational study was conducted in the district hospital of Koppal. Anemia was classified as per the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) criteria. The diagnosis of anemia was undertaken by peripheral blood smear examination and standard hemoglobin estimation by shale’s method.Results: The average age of pregnant women was 23.5 years, ranging between 18 and 40 years. Most of the women belonged to below poverty line (BPL) families (84.6%) and Hindu religion (98%). Regarding education, 28.9% were illiterates. The mean haemoglobin level was found to be 8.95. Prevalence of anemia was 96.5% among the pregnant females in this region of rural Koppal. Out of these 22.47% had mild anemia, 56.30% had moderate anemia, 14.98% had severe anemia and 2.73% very severe anemia according to ICMR classification of anemia.Conclusions: High prevalence of anemia among pregnant women indicates anemia to be a major public health problem in the rural community and indicates strict implementation of National Nutrition Anemia prophylaxis programme. Factors such as socioeconomic status, education, birth interval, and gravida contribute to this high prevalence.

NEW CORONOVIRUS INFECTION: CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF COVID-19 IN PREGNANT WOMEN

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Allakhyarov D.Z. ◽  
Petrov Yu.A. ◽  
Chernavsky V.V.
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

This article presents reviews of literature sources on the clinical and pathogenetic aspects of the course of a new coronovirus infection in pregnant women, in order to analyze the features of the course of COVID-19 in pregnant women and to assess the impact of infection on the body of a woman and a fetus. Pregnancy is a special physiological condition, during which a number of changes occur in the body, not only in the hormonal status, but also in the immune system. The urgency of this problem is due to the high prevalence of new coronavirus infection among the population. On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO), as a result of the dynamic development of the epidemic in many countries and continents, declared a global pandemic of the contagious disease COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. According to available studies, pregnant women are more susceptible to a more severe course of infectious diseases affecting the upper respiratory tract. According to various studies, a new coronavirus infection can lead to premature birth, miscarriage, and preeclampsia. Separate studies show increased mortality in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 virus does not have a direct teratogenic effect on the fetus, but it can indirectly lead to harmful effects on the developing organism. Special attention should be paid to the issue of vaccination of pregnant women against a new coronavirus infection, at the moment there is no accurate data on the effect of the vaccine on the body of the pregnant woman and the fetus. In this regard, the question of the impact of a new coronavirus infection on the course of pregnancy has become relevant.

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