Exploring spatial patterns of sudden cardiac arrests in the city of Toronto using Poisson kriging and Hot Spot analyses

Abstract The aim of the study is to find the relationship between the land surface temperature and air temperature and to determine the hot spots in the urban area of Bucharest, the capital of Romania. The analysis was based on images from both moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), located on both Terra and Aqua platforms, as well as on data recorded by the four automatic weather stations existing in the endowment of The National Air Quality Monitoring Network, from the summer of 2017. Correlation coefficients between land surface temperature and air temperature were higher at night (0.8-0.87) and slightly lower during the day (0.71-0.77). After the validation of satellite data with in-situ temperature measurements, the hot spots in the metropolitan area of Bucharest were identified using Getis-Ord spatial statistics analysis. It has been achieved that the “very hot” areas are grouped in the center of the city and along the main traffic streets and dense residential areas. During the day the "very hot spots” represent 33.2% of the city's surface, and during the night 31.6%. The area where the mentioned spots persist, falls into the "very hot spot" category both day and night, it represents 27.1% of the city’s surface and it is mainly represented by the city center.

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Organic, Planned or Both: Alserkal Avenue: An Art District by Entrepreneurial Action in an Organic Evolutionary Context

Built Environment ◽

10.2148/benv.46.2.262 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 102-118

Author(s):

Damien D. Nouvel

Keyword(s):

Hot Spot ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Evolutionary Processes ◽

Short Period ◽

Grassroots Initiatives ◽

Evolutionary Context ◽

Urban Scene ◽

Entrepreneurial Action ◽

The City

While Dubai's urban scene is dominated by planned and pre-designed developments, grassroots initiatives have always been present and have helped shape the trajectory of the city's evolution. In one case, an industrial area, Al Quoz, has seen the clustering of art businesses over a relatively short period turning it into a cultural destination. Accounting for most of such clustering, Alserkal Avenue became Dubai's art hot-spot that changed the cultural map of the city. This article describes the rise of Alserkal Avenue, not only as the result of the entrepreneurial action of the proprietors but also as a product of a complex melange of economic, cultural, and urban evolutionary processes that intertwine with the rise of the city itself.

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Impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on myocardial infarction care

European Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s10654-021-00764-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Timo Schmitz ◽

Christa Meisinger ◽

Inge Kirchberger ◽

Christian Thilo ◽

Ute Amann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Population Based ◽

Downward Trend ◽

German Model ◽

Model Region ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) care, and to identify underlying stressors in the German model region for complete AMI registration. The analysis was based on data from the population-based KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry located in the region of Augsburg, Germany. All cases of AMI (n = 210) admitted to one of four hospitals in the city of Augsburg or the county of Augsburg from February 10th, 2020, to May 19, 2020, were included. Patients were divided into three groups, namely pre-lockdown, strict lockdown, and attenuated lockdown period. An additional survey was conducted asking the patients for stress and fears in the 4 weeks prior to their AMI. The AMI rate declined by 44% in the strict lockdown period; in the attenuated lockdown period the rate was 17% lower compared to the pre-lockdown period. The downward trend in AMI rates during lockdown was seen in STEMI and NSTEMI patients, and independent of sex and age. The door-to-device time decreased by 70–80% in the lockdown-periods. In the time prior to the infarction, patients felt stressed mainly due to fear of infection with Sars-CoV-2 and less because of the restrictions and consequences of the lockdown. A strict lockdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic had a marked impact on AMI care even in a non-hot-spot region with relatively few cases of COVID-19. Fear of infection with the virus is presumably the main reason for the drop in hospitalizations due to AMI.

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Urban Spatial Patterns and Heat Exposure in the Mediterranean City of Tel Aviv

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11090963 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 963 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Moshe Mandelmilch ◽

Michal Ferenz ◽

Noa Mandelmilch ◽

Oded Potchter

Keyword(s):

Spatial Patterns ◽

Land Surface ◽

Satellite Images ◽

Heat Exposure ◽

Infrared Camera ◽

Local Climate ◽

Tel Aviv ◽

Local Climate Zones ◽

Section Surface ◽

The City

This study aims to examine the effect of urban spatial patterns on heat exposure in the city of Tel Aviv using multiple methodologies, Local Climate Zones (LCZ), meteorological measurements, and remote sensing. A Local Climate Zone map of Tel Aviv was created using Geographic Information System (GIS), and satellite images were used to identify the spatial patterns of the urban heat island (UHI). Climatic variables were measured by fixed meteorological stations and by mobile cross-section. Surface and wall temperatures were obtained by satellite images and a hand-held infrared camera. Meteorological measurements at a height of 2 m showed that during midday the city is ~3.6 °C warmer than the surrounding rural area. The cooling effect of parks was evident only during the hot hours of the day (9:00–17:00). Land Surface Temperature in the southern part of the city was hotter by ~7–9 °C compared to the northern part due to lack of urban vegetation. Hot spots were found in compact midrise forms (LCZ 2) that are not ideal from the climatological perspective. Whereas compact low-rise forms (LCZ 3) were less heat vulnerable. The results of this study suggest that climatologists can provide planners and architects with scientific insight into the causes of and solutions for urban climatic heat exposure.

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Live Art as Urban Praxis: The Political Aesthetics of the City

Sociological Research Online ◽

10.5153/sro.2977 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 130-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cath Lambert

Keyword(s):

Spatial Patterns ◽

Urban Space ◽

Social Organisation ◽

The Political ◽

Space And Time ◽

Political Aesthetics ◽

Art Works ◽

Live Art ◽

The City

This article examines the political possibilities for an aesthetic disruption of urban space and time. Locating the discussion within debates about the neoliberal city, selected art-works from Fierce live art festival in Birmingham, England are used in order to examine how, in a specific and localised context, normative spatial patterns and temporal rhythms can be challenged and subverted. The analysis draws on, and contributes to, a sociological account of the centrality of aesthetics to political and social organisation.

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Urban-Rural Synergy Between Housing Spatial Patterns and Landscape

Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering - Handbook of Research on Urban-Rural Synergy Development Through Housing, Landscape, and Tourism ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-9932-6.ch006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 115-137

Author(s):

Ana Nikezić ◽

Jelena Ristić Trajković ◽

Aleksandra Milovanović

Keyword(s):

Landscape Ecology ◽

Spatial Patterns ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Future Perspective ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Housing Typology ◽

The City ◽

Morphological System

The morphogenesis of the urban territory and its contact with the non-urbanized, natural environment of the wider metropolitan area distinguish issues of the synergy between landscape and spatial patterns in order to achieve their balance, optimization, and harmony. This chapter highlights the conceptual framework of landscape ecology as linking to place-based design approach for studying the synergy of landscape and housing spatial patterns in order to improve their integration in future perspective. The territory of the city of Belgrade is recognized as a specific spatial-morphological system that is a consequence of the urban-rural synergy between socialist housing settlements and environmental processes. The chapter points at the environmental and functional values of nature with a particular focus on housing typology in the process of urban planning and architectural design.

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A Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Emergency in Schools of Shanghai

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11020349 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 349 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jie Yin ◽

Yameng Jing ◽

Dapeng Yu ◽

Mingwu Ye ◽

Yuhan Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Services ◽

Response Times ◽

Flood Hazard ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Hazard Analysis ◽

Rescue Service ◽

Traffic Conditions ◽

Pluvial Flooding ◽

Urban Pluvial Flooding ◽

The City

Schools and students are particularly vulnerable to natural hazards, especially pluvial flooding in cities. This paper presents a scenario-based study that assesses the school vulnerability of emergency services (i.e., Emergency Medical Service and Fire & Rescue Service) to urban pluvial flooding in the city center of Shanghai, China through the combination of flood hazard analysis and GIS-based accessibility mapping. Emergency coverages and response times in various traffic conditions are quantified to generate school vulnerability under normal no-flood and 100-y pluvial flood scenarios. The findings indicate that severe pluvial flooding could lead to proportionate and linear impacts on emergency response provision to schools in the city. Only 11% of all the schools is predicted to be completely unreachable (very high vulnerability) during flood emergency but the majority of the schools would experience significant delay in the travel times of emergency responses. In this case, appropriate adaptations need to be particularly targeted for specific hot-spot areas (e.g., new urbanized zones) and crunch times (e.g., rush hours).

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Changes in the Building Stock of Da Nang between 2015 and 2017

Data ◽

10.3390/data5020042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andreas Braun ◽

Gebhard Warth ◽

Felix Bachofer ◽

Tram Thi Quynh Bui ◽

Hao Tran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Patterns ◽

Satellite Image ◽

Visual Interpretation ◽

City Center ◽

Building Stock ◽

Hexagonal Grid ◽

Personal Rights ◽

Central Vietnam ◽

The City ◽

New Buildings

This descriptor introduces a novel dataset, which contains the number and types of buildings in the city of Da Nang in Central Vietnam. The buildings were classified into nine distinct types and initially extracted from a satellite image of the year 2015. Secondly, changes were identified based on a visual interpretation of an image of the year 2017, so that new buildings, demolished buildings and building upgrades can be quantitatively analyzed. The data was aggregated by administrative wards and a hexagonal grid with a diameter of 250 m to protect personal rights and to avoid the misuse of a single building’s information. The dataset shows an increase of 19,391 buildings between October 2015 and August 2017, with a variety of interesting spatial patterns. The center of the city is mostly dominated by building changes and upgrades, while most of the new buildings were constructed within a distance of five to six kilometers from the city center.

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Exploring Spatial Patterns of Property Crime Risks in Changchun, China

International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research ◽

10.4018/jagr.2013070105 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 80-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wei Song ◽

Daqian Liu

Keyword(s):

Spatial Patterns ◽

Hot Spots ◽

Property Crime ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Neighborhood Characteristics ◽

Risk Areas ◽

Gwr Model ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City ◽

Crime Risks

Urban crime has increasingly become a major issue for Chinese cities. Using crime data collected at police precincts in 2008, the main aim of this research is to examine the spatial distribution of property crime which accounted for almost 82% of all crimes in the city of Changchun, and analyze the relationship between the spatial patterns of property crime and neighborhood characteristics. Standardized property crime rates (SCR) were applied to assess the relative risk of property crime across the city. Statistically significant clusters of high-risk areas or hot-spots were detected. A global ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model and a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model were calibrated to explore the risk of property crime as a function of contextual neighborhood characteristics. The analytical results show that significant local variations exist in the relationship between the risk of property crime and several neighborhood socioeconomic variables.

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