scholarly journals Millet-based supplement restored gut microbial diversity of acute malnourished pigs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250423
Author(s):  
Xuejing Li ◽  
Yan Hui ◽  
Bingfeng Leng ◽  
Junli Ren ◽  
Yanni Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathology ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Continuous Feeding ◽  
Tight Association

The tight association between malnutrition and gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis enables microbiota-targeting intervention to be a promising strategy. Thus, we used a malnourished pig model to investigate the host response and GM alterations under different diet supplementation strategies. Pigs at age of 4 weeks were fed with pure maize diet to induce malnutrition symptoms, and followed by continuous feeding with maize (Maize, n = 8) or re-feeding using either corn-soy-blend (CSB+, n = 10) or millet-soy-blend based (MSB+, n = 10) supplementary food for 3 weeks. Meanwhile, 8 pigs were fed on a standard formulated ration as control (Ref). The effect of nutritional supplementation was assessed by the growth status, blood chemistry, gastrointestinal pathology, mucosal microbiota composition and colon production of short-chain fatty acids. Compared with purely maize-fed pigs, both CSB+ and MSB+ elevated the concentrations of total protein and globulin in blood. These pigs still showed most malnutrition symptoms after the food intervention period. MSB+ had superior influence on the GM development, exhibiting better performance in both structural and functional aspects. MSB+ pigs were colonized by less Proteobacteria but more Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Lachnospira spp. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated a strong correlation between the abundance of mucosal e.g., Faecalibacterium and Lachnospira spp. and body weight, crown-rump length and total serum protein. In conclusion, the malnutrition symptoms were accompanied by an aberrant GM, and millet-based nutritional supplementation showed promising potentials to restore the reduced GM diversity implicated in pig malnutrition.

Normal Ranges for Diagnostically Important Hematological and Blood Chemistry Characteristics of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Roscoe Miller III ◽  
Albert C. Hendricks ◽  
John Cairns Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Tolerance Interval ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Nonparametric Techniques

Wytheville strain rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were used in an 11-mo study designed to establish normal ranges for several hematological and blood chemistry characteristics. Two nonparametric techniques, percentile estimation and tolerance interval, were used and produced comparable ranges to those based on the Gaussian distribution. Serum glucose levels appeared to coincide with the condition of the gonads; low glucose levels corresponded with approximate spawning times at the hatchery. Total serum protein and gonadal condition were similarly related. High variability of the serum enzymes LDH and SGOT was partially explained by a positive linear relationship between enzyme activity and acclimation temperatures. In addition to physiological significance, determination of normal ranges for rainbow trout has promise in diagnosis of pathological, disease, and toxicant-induced stresses.

Milk Protein Quantity and Quality in Low-Birthweight Infants: I. Metabolic Responses and Effects on Growth

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels C. R. Räihä ◽  
Kirsti Heinonen ◽  
David K. Rassin ◽  
Gerald E. Gaull
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Crown Rump Length

The optimal quantity and quality of protein for low-birthweight infants is undefined. In this study, 106 well, appropriate-for-gestational age, low-birthweight infants weighing 2,100 gm or less were grouped in three gestational age categories: T1 = 28 to 30 weeks; T2 = 31 to 33 weeks; T3 = 34 to 36 weeks. Each group was assigned randomly to either banked human milk (BM) or to one of four isocaloric formulas varying in quantity and quality of protein but not in mineral content or in fat content: formula 1 = 1.5 gm of protein per 100 ml, 60 parts bovine whey proteins to 40 parts bovine caseins: formula 2 = 3.0 gm of protein per 100 ml, 60:40; formula 3 = 1.5 gm of protein per 100 ml, 18:82; formula 4 = 3.0 gm of protein per 100 ml, 18:82. Caloric intake was 117 kcal/150 ml/kg/day for the formulas. Human milk was fed at 170 ml/kg/day in order to attain a caloric intake approximately equal to that of the formulas. No significant differences were found in the rate of growth in crown-rump length, in femoral length, in head circumference, or in rate of gain in weight from time of regaining birthweight to time of discharge at 2,400 gm. Blood urea nitrogen, urine osmolarity, total serum protein, serum albumin, aiud serum globulin varied directly with the quantity of protein in the diet: F2, F4 > F1, F3 > BM. Blood ammonia concentration varied with both quantity and qualtiy of protein in the diet: F2, F3, F4 > F1, BM. Metabolic acidosis was more frequent, more severe, and more prolonged in the infants fed the casein-predominant formulas (F3, F4) than in those fed the whey protein-predominant formulas (Fl, F2).

scholarly journals Pathogencity Study of the Chronic Toxicological Effects of Covered smut Wheat in Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kefah Oda Salman Al-Jeburii
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
One Year

The aim of studyblood picture to know the effects of chronic toxicity of infected wheat added to ratios and fed for six months to one year to (20) rats of both sexes divided into two groups to study metabolic, blood chemistry and histopathological changes in organ and tissues .All these studies performed to evaluate the toxic effects and health hazard in human and animal that used the infected wheat whith fungal spores in food , results on blood and chemistry parameters such RBCs counts, Hb, PCV, WBCs showed decreased in the treated group . The biochemichal changes noticed reduction in ALT, AP , BUN as well as reduction in total serum protein and changes in albumin. The intensity of changes in these parameters were positively related to the changes in histopathology that noticed in liver, kidneys, lung and brain.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nutrition and Supplementation in Patients With Hip Fractures

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 215145931987980 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Arkley ◽  
Ján Dixon ◽  
Faye Wilson ◽  
Karl Charlton ◽  
Benjamin John Ollivere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation ◽  
Nutritional State ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Wound Complications ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Malnutrition is common in older people, is known to interact with frailty, and is a risk factor for wound complications and poor functional outcomes postoperatively. Sustaining a hip fracture is a significant life event, often resulting in a decline in mobility and functional ability. A poor nutritional state may further impede recovery and rehabilitation, so strategies to improve perioperative nutrition are of considerable importance. We provide a review of nutritional supplement practices in this vulnerable and growing population. Method: Systematic review of preoperative oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) in hip fracture patients. Results: We identified 12 articles pertaining to this important area of perioperative care. The findings suggest postoperative ONS can improve postoperative outcomes in hip fracture patients, especially in terms of increasing total serum protein, improving nutritional status to near-optimum levels, and decreasing postoperative complications. Discussion: There is an absence of evidence specific to preoperative ONS in patients admitted following hip fracture. Literature relating to other populations is encouraging but is yet to be robustly studied. It is unclear whether these results are generalizable to the frailer hip fracture population. There is a need for studies clearly defining outcome measurement and complication assessment pertaining to preoperative ONS. The potential benefit is considerable, and this review will provide a means to inform the construction of meaningful trials in preoperative ONS of patients sustaining hip fracture. Conclusion: Oral nutritional supplementation in hip fracture patients may decrease postoperative complications while increasing elderly patient’s nutritional state to a near-optimum level. This is extrapolated from postoperative literature, however with a clear gap in research pertaining specifically to preoperative care. The need for well-constructed studies focused on the impact and assessment of early ONS in this population is transparent.

scholarly journals The Physical Activity-Dependent Hematological and Biochemical Changes in School Horses in Comparison to Blood Profiles in Endurance and Race Horses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Maśko ◽  
Małgorzata Domino ◽  
Tomasz Jasiński ◽  
Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
Race Horses ◽  
Blood Profiles

Blood testing is one of the most important ways to improve performance, facilitate recovery and monitor the training of endurance and race horses. However, little is known about the physical activity-dependent changes of blood parameters in horses used for pleasure and in riding schools. This study aimed to perform routine blood tests for training monitoring of sport horses in three different horse types of use. Then the values of blood indicators were compared between school, endurance and race horses to find similarities in the physical activity-dependent profile. The study was carried out on 15 endurance, 15 race and 15 school healthy horses who underwent the typical effort for their disciplines. The hemogram parameters, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood lactate (LAC), and total serum protein (TSP) concentrations were measured using the same protocol and equipment. Measurements of main hematological and biochemical physical activity-dependent parameters were conducted before, immediately after and 30 min after training. In school horses, the physical activity-dependent increase of WBC (40.9%) and CPK (76.4%) was similar to endurance horses, whereas an increase of RBC (19.1%), HGB (18.6%) and HCT (19.4%) were more similar to race horses. The moderate effort-dependent increase of LAC concentration (2775%) was lower than in race horses (7526%) and higher than in endurance horses (390%). Limiting the training or work monitoring assessment of school horses to only the endurance or racing blood profile may result in the omission of significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters.

PARALLEL STUDIES OF COMPLEMENT AND COAGULATION IV. EFFECT OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Christine E. Rice ◽  
Paul Boulanger ◽  
P. J. G. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Complement Activity

To determine whether liver injury would result in a parallel decline in the complement titer and coagulative properties of the blood, groups of guinea pigs were given series of injections of the liver poison, carbon tetrachloride. Marked fatty degeneration of the liver, a decline in total serum protein and albumin, a decrease in complement activity, and a prolongation of coagulation time was observed in the treated animals. A general relationship was noted between the albumin-globulin ratio and the complement titer of the serum and between the complement titer and the coagulation time of the plasma.

Muscle Weight Relationship to Serum Proteins, Hemocytes, and Hepatopancreas in the Lobster, Homarus americanus

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2339-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Stewart ◽  
John W. Cornick ◽  
Diane M. Foley ◽  
M. F. Li ◽  
C. M. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
The Relationship

Total serum protein values, hemocyte numbers, and muscle weights were determined for 216 intermolt lobsters immediately after their capture, and for 230 others held captive under a variety of dietary and environmental conditions. Average muscle values ranged from approximately 13% to the more normal 20–25% of the live animals' weight, depending upon experimental conditions. The total serum protein up to a level of 55 mg/ml was shown to be a reliable indicator of muscle weights, although the relationship was not identical for all lobster groups. It appeared to be modified chiefly by the areas from which the different groups were taken. Diet was more important than the temperatures (5 to 14 C) in affecting changes in muscle and serum protein values. Starvation caused a greater reduction (50 to 70%) in the size of the hepatopancreas than in the muscle. Histological examination of the hepatopancreatic tissue showed that the lipid content was markedly reduced upon starvation and that a degeneration of this organ was apparent for lobsters fed a beef liver and herring diet. Measurement of serum proteins would appear to be a useful technique in experiments on lobster nutrition and have value, within specified limits, for assessing the physiological condition of wild lobsters.

scholarly journals Studies on the toxicity of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Abrus precatorius in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Adedapo ◽  
O.A. Omoloye ◽  
O.G. Ohore
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies

The toxic effects of an aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius were studied in 20 male white rats over a period of 18 days. The rats were divided into four groups of five rats per group. Those in Group A served as controls while the rats in Groups B, C and D were dosed per os with 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg and 1 600 mg/kg of the extract, respectively. Blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical analysis and specimens of the liver, kidney and testes were taken for histopathological studies. The study showed that the extract of A. precatorius caused decreased levels of packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin. The extract also resulted in increased levels of total serum protein, albumin, alanine amino transaminase, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. Histologically, testicular degeneration characterized by decreased numbers of lining cells of the epithelium as well as reduction in sperm cells with presence of scattered Sertoli cells were noted. The study thus showed that aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius is toxic and caution should be exercised in its use for medicinal purpose.

Factors Contributing to Intra-Individual Variation of Serum Constituents: 3. Use of Randomized Duplicate Serum Specimens to Evaluate Sources of Analytical Error

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1507-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Bokelund ◽  
Per Winkel ◽  
Bernard E Statland
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Error Component ◽  
Instrumental Error ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Channel Analyzer ◽  
Analytical Variation ◽  
Duplicate Sample

Abstract In study of intra-individual variation of serum constituents, we used analysis of variance to separate biological from analytical variation, the latter being estimated from results for duplicate specimens. However, the replication error term in such a model may grossly overestimate instrumental variability, especially when a significant pre-instrumental error component is present. To separate pre-instrumental and instrumental error, we used the following experimental design: Duplicate serum specimens were obtained from 88 healthy men, the blood being collected at one venipuncture and immediately divided into two portions. The duplicates were randomized and analyzed on one occasion with the "AutoChemist Multi-Channel Analyzer," and pre-instrumental variation was estimated from the results. Instrumental variation was estimated from results for three independent populations with widely different mean analyte concentrations; these samples were analyzed at the same time as the samples just mentioned. Of the 20 serum constituents assayed, sodium, potassium, iron, total lipids, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin showed significant pre-instrumental error components, as evidenced from significant χ2-tests comparing analytical and "duplicate sample" variation. For total serum protein, albumin, total lipids, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase, we found a significant difference (by paired t-test) between values for the first and second specimen.

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