scholarly journals Reduced mood variability is associated with enhanced performance during ultrarunnning

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256888
Author(s):  
Paul Burgum ◽  
Daniel T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Completion Time ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Baseline Measurement ◽  
Mood Variability ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
Total Mood Disturbance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Race Performance

Ultrarunning requires extraordinary endurance but the psychological factors involved in successful ultrarunning are not well understood. One widely held view is that fluctuations in mood play a pivotal role in performance during endurance events. However, this view is primarily based on comparisons of mood before and after marathons and shorter running events. Indeed, to date no study has explicitly examined mood changes during a competive ultramarathon. To address this issue, we measured mood fluctuations in athletes competing in the Hardmoors 60, a 100 km, single day continuous trail-ultramarathon, and examined how variation in mood related to performance, as measured by completion time. The key finding was that the variability of athletes Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score was significantly and positively correlated with completion time, consistent with the idea that mood is an important factor in determining race performance. Athletes also experienced a significant increase in tension immediately prior to race onset. This effect was more pronounced in less experienced athletes and significantly attenuated by measurement stage 1 at 35.4 km, which suggests the effect was driven by the release of pre-competition anxiety. Depression, anger and TMD were significantly lower at the pre-race measurement compared to the baseline measurement taken the week before. Consistent with previous studies, there were also significant increases in fatigue, anger and TMD during the race. The data are interpreted in terms of the Psychobiological model of endurance and may have broader implications for the understanding of endurance performance in other domains.

scholarly journals Mood Fluctuations During 60 and 110 mile Ultramarathons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Smith ◽  
Paul Burgum
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Total Mood Disturbance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Ultra Running ◽  
Ultra Endurance ◽  
Psychological Mood

Ultrarunning requires extraordinary endurance, but the psychological factors involved in successful ultrarunning are not well understood. One widely held view is that fluctuations in mood may play a pivotal role in performance during endurance events. However, this view is primarily based on comparisons of mood before and after marathons and shorter running events. Few studies have explicitly examined mood changes during ultra running, and they have tended to have small samples and/or be lab based rather than field studies, perhaps due to the large timescales and difficulty recruiting large numbers of ultramarathoners. To address these weaknesses, we conducted 3 field studies designed to measure mood fluctuations during competitive ultramarathon events. In Study 1, the POMS was used to monitor mood in 14 ultrarunners during the 110 mile Hardmoors110 ultramarathon. Study 2 assessed mood with the BRUMS as 15 athletes completed the Hardmoors110, and in Study 3 the BRUMS was used to assess mood in 30 athletes running a sixty mile ultramarathon. In all 3 studies there was a significant decrease in Tension between Race Start and the 1st within-race measurement point. Vigour decreased across the race whilst Fatigue increased. Importantly, within-race measures revealed that these changes were nonlinear, such that changes were largest at the start and end of races. In both the 110 mile races Total Mood Disturbance was stable throughout the 1st part of the race, then rapidly increased until reaching asymptote during the final stage. Anger significantly increased, but only in the 60 mile races. It is argued that changes in Tension reflect the release of pre-competition anxiety, that changes in Vigour and Fatigue are related to the perception of effort which may be best understood in terms of the Psychobiological Model of endurance, and that increases in Anger may have some benefits in short ultramarathons. These data offer new insights into the dynamics of mood states during ultra-endurance events, help better understand at what point during races implementing psychological mood-regulation strategies might be optimal, and may have broader implications for the understanding of human endurance and resilience in other domains.

IMPROVEMENT LAYOUT AND ELEMENTS WORK IN ERGONOMIC ASPECTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-99
Author(s):  
Beci Sariani ◽  
Meizul Zuki ◽  
Yusril Dany
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Content Creation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Standard Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Right And Left Hand

The purpose of this study is to describe layout and elements of the movement labor, determine cake making job completion time before and after repair, complaints of pain workers and recomendation improved layout and elements work in ergonomic aspects. Layout and elements of the cake making job is less visible than ergonomic working conditions with temperatures as high as 290C and 300C, total distance moving much material for the production namely 2407 cm, manufacture molen 180 cm, 2926 cm baking and packaging 626 cm. Percentage of use right and left hand at creation pia cake is 50.11% and 54.4%. Making molen is 100% and 76.69%. Pia cake making is 12.76% and 12.21%. Packaging is 100% and 84.8%. Cycle time, normal time and standard time of content creation, namely 17004.15, 18.534.52 and 25.577.64 seconds (2 basins). Making molen is 560.23, 616.25 and 751.82 seconds (1 basin). Pia cake making is 1.165,45, 1314.63 and 1.603,85 seconds (2 trays), and packaging is 15,40, 16,79 and 23.17 seconds (2 pack). The application of ergonomics : 8 types of grievances felt a bit sick and 1 type of grievances felt sick. Station molen manufacture, workers felt no pain. Baking station pia (sub-stations) only complaint molen rolling on his back felt a little sore. Sub-station charging only 3 workers who feel a little pain complaints and pain. In the sub-station : 6 types pengovenan grievances felt a little sick. The packing station after repairs only felt a little pain in the waist

FC 012PRIMARY KIDNEY DISEASE IMPACTS OUTCOME IN CKD PREGNANCIES: COMPLICATIONS IN COL4A3-5 RELATED DISEASE (ALPORT SYNDROME) VS OTHER CKD PREGNANCIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozemarijn Snoek ◽  
Margriet Gosselink ◽  
Liffert Vogt ◽  
Margriet De Jong ◽  
Agne Cerkauskaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Alport Syndrome ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Italian Cohort

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 3% of pregnant women. CKD increases the risk of pregnancy complications such as prematurity, low birthweight and pre-eclampsia. Also, kidney function can deteriorate more quickly due to pregnancy. There is limited knowledge on pregnancy outcomes in specific kidney diseases. The aim of the ALPART network is to study pregnancy outcomes differentiated by CKD aetiology. We have started with COLA3-5 related disease (Alport syndrome), which is one of the most prevalent monogenic kidney diseases. Comparing outcomes in COLA3-5 related disease to pregnancies with other CKD aetiologies allows us to investigate whether this specific diagnosis impacts outcome in CKD pregnancies. Method The ALPART network is an international 15-center network, which aims to include ∼200 COLA3-5 related disease pregnancies. In this intermediary analysis, we present data on 109 pregnancies from 68 women with COLA3-5 related disease. We compared outcomes to a cohort of 457 CKD stage 1-2 patients (a similar CKD stage as our cohort) of diverse aetiology from a 2015 Italian study and 159,924 women from the general Dutch population. Results The main pregnancy and kidney outcomes are presented in Figure 1. Foetal outcomes were better in COLA3-5 pregnancies than in pregnancies of women with CKD stage 1-2 of diverse aetiology. We saw less prematurity (17% vs 36% respectively) and a higher mean birthweight of 3216 ± 663 gram compared to 2768 ± 680 in the Italian cohort. Maternal kidney outcomes should be interpreted with caution (>30% missing data): proteinuria (73%) and hypertension (30%) were more frequent in COLA3-5 pregnancies than the Italian cohort. In the ALPART cohort, 10% developed severe hypertension. Median eGFR was not impacted by pregnancy and decline of eGFR before and after pregnancy were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion Fetal outcomes in pregnancies with COLA3-5 related disease seem to be more favorable than in a cohort with mixed cause of CKD. In this intermediary analysis, proteinuria levels and frequency of new-onset hypertension in pregnancy are higher. There is no significant eGFR loss during pregnancy or increased eGFR deterioration in the long-term. The differences between COLA3-5 and general CKD pregnancies underscore the importance of investigating pregnancy outcomes in specific kidney disease phenotypes to ensure adequate (pre-) pregnancy counselling and care.

scholarly journals Effects of small-sided games and conventional aerobic interval training on various physiological characteristics and defensive and offensive skills used in soccer

Kinesiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
İlker Özcan ◽  
Çağatay Şahan
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Technical Ability ◽  
Aerobic Interval Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Passing Ability

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of small-sided game training (SSGT) versus conventional aerobic interval training (CAIT) on soccer-specific endurance performance, lactate threshold levels (mmol·L-1), short-passing ability and defensive and offensive skills of a soccer match. Before and after a 6-week training intervention period, eighteen amateur soccer players (age 21.8±4.8 years) were tested. The tests included the anaerobic threshold (AnT) test, the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1), and the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT). A manual notational match analysis system was utilized to evaluate the defensive and offensive skills of players during the matches. Both the SSGT and CAIT were performed two days a week and consisted of five sets of 6-minute periods of work at the individualized exercise intensity corresponding to the individual anaerobic threshold, with 3-minute of recovery periods between sets. Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to examine the between- and within-group differences, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed that the SSGT group players exhibited significantly better in terms of the LSPT scores (p<.01) and the number of defensive and offensive skills (p<.05). However, no other significant differences in the other variables were observed (p>.05). The results of the study suggested that SSGT improved short-passing ability, various soccer skills and physiological parameters, while CAIT only improved physiological parameters. SSGT improves soccer-specific endurance and technical ability of players at the same time, meaning it is a time efficient way of training.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis using traditional technique, Microsoft Excel and Predictive Analytic Software

10.17158/514 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovelyn M. Durango ◽  
Carlito P. Yurango
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Instructional Tools ◽  
Traditional Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Required

<p>The advent of technology has improved the way statistics is taught and learned. It is claimed that the use of computer-based instructional tools can actively explore the meaning of statistical concepts among the students, as well as enhance their learning experiences. This study aimed to compare three methods of statistical analysis namely, the traditional technique (use of the calculator), Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. This investigation utilized the experimental design, specifically the One-Group Pretest – Posttest Design. There were six education students who self-assessed their attitude before and after the introduction of the use of various computation techniques and performed the statistical analysis considering also the completion time required for each process. Results of the study revealed an increase in the level of attitude among the respondents form the pretest to the posttest. Also, the cognitive level regardless of the approach was very high. However, the t-test failed to establish a significant difference in the attitude among the respondents. On the other hand, there were significant differences in both the test scores and completion time of the respondents in the three methods in favor of SPSS.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Information technology, statistics, traditional technique, Microsoft excel, SPSS, comparative analysis, experimental research design, Davao City, Philippines. </p>

scholarly journals Disminución de la ansiedad en las víctimas del bullying durante el confinamiento por el COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (65) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel Gómez León
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Victim Group ◽  
Salud Mental ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Victims Of Bullying

Los factores estresantes asociados a la pandemia por el COVID 19 han tenido importantes consecuencias en la salud mental de muchos adolescentes, sin embargo, es posible que este confinamiento junto con los medios digitales disponibles para el aprendizaje y la interacción social hayan supuesto un alivio para aquellos que eran víctimas de bullying. En esta investigación se comparan las puntuaciones que han obtenido 276 adolescentes (94 víctimas de bullying y 182 no víctimas) de entre 12 y 14 años, en ansiedad, depresión, rendimiento académico y ciberbullying antes y después del confinamiento. Antes del confinamiento las víctimas obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente mayores en ansiedad, depresión y ciberbullying y menores en rendimiento académico. Durante el confinamiento las diferencias en ansiedad se invirtieron, siendo significativamente menores en el caso de las víctimas de bullying, quienes, además, obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente menores en depresión y en ciberbullying que antes de la pandemia. Sin embargo, el rendimiento académico descendió significativamente en el grupo no-víctimas mientras que no se apreciaron cambios significativos en las puntuaciones de ciberbullying. The stressors associated with the pandemic by COVID 19 have had important consequences on the mental health of many adolescents, however, it is possible that this confinement along with the digital media available for learning and social interaction have provided relief for those who were victims of bullying.. This research compares the scores obtained by 76 adolescents (94 victims of bullying and 182 not victims) between 12 and 14 years old, in anxiety, depression, academic performance and cyberbullying before and after confinement. Before confinement, the victims obtained significantly higher scores in anxiety, depression and cyberbullying and lower scores in academic performance. During confinement, the differences in anxiety were reversed, being significantly lower in the case of victims of bullying, who also obtained significantly lower scores in depression and cyberbullying than before confinement. However, academic performance decreased significantly in the non-victim group, while no significant changes in cyberbullying scores were observed.

scholarly journals Anatomical and functional significance of ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL) in epiretinal membrane (ERM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-371
Author(s):  
Sunil Ganekal ◽  
Varun Ganekal
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Epiretinal Membranes ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Stage 1

To compare the visual acuity outcomes after surgical treatment of epiretinal membranes (ERM) in cases with and without ectopic inner foveal layers (EIFL). : A total of 100 eyes of 98 patients with idiopathic ERM were retrospectively staged according to the newer OCT classification and divided into two groups on the basis of presence or absence of EIFL. The two groups were evaluated for various parameters including visual acuity, thickness of the EIFL, re-appearance of the foveal contour, outer retinal changes and complications before and after ERM peeling. Correlation analysis was done using chi square test and p-values were obtained for corresponding variables.: Of 100 eyes with ERM, 20% had stage 1, 29% had stage 2, 42% had stage3 & 9% had stage 4 disease. VA was worse in eyes with EIFL as compared those without it. Correlation of VA with EIFL thickness however was not significant. Surgical removal of ERM didn’t alter EIFL frequency though the thickness decreased. New EIFL appeared in 4% eyes and 35% demonstrated thickened fovea after surgery. Anatomical reappearance of foveal contour was poorer in eyes with EIFL. Outer retinal changes were more common in non EIFL eyes. Lamellar holes and nontractional cysts were more common in EIFL eyes.: EIFL is a significant prognostic tool to predict the visual outcome of surgery in cases of Epiretinal membrane. EIFL eyes did not regain foveal contour, had less outer retinal damage but were associated with poorer visual outcomes.

scholarly journals MOOD CHANGES FOLLOWING MODERN-DANCE CLASSES

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Lane ◽  
Ruth Hewston ◽  
Emma Redding ◽  
Gregory P. Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Modern Dance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Martha Graham ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mood Scale

Full-time dancers typically spend a large proportion of time participating in dance classes. The present study examined mood state changes following two contrasting modern-dance styles on a sample of full-time dancers. Twenty-three dancers completed the Brunel University Mood Scale (Terry, Lane, Lane, & Keohane, 1999) to assess anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigor before and after two different dance classes. One class taught was the Jose Limon technique style, characterized by light flowing movement, and the other class taught was the Martha Graham technique style, characterized by bound movements. Results showed that participants reported a positive mood profile before and after both dance classes. Repeated Measures Multivariate Analysis of Variance results indicated a significant interaction effect (Pillai's Trace 6, 15 = .32, p < .01), whereby Vigor increased following the Limon class but remained stable after the Graham class. Future research is also needed to investigate mood changes over a sustained period to evaluate more fully mood states responses to the demands of dance classes.

A STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A MUTUAL EXCHANGE SUPPORT PROGRAM FOR PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaro Hirata ◽  
◽  
Yutaka Haramaki ◽  
Yasuyo Takano ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Mutual Exchange ◽  
Session Impact ◽  
Impact Scale ◽  
D 63 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship

"There is an urgent need to support families of children with developmental disorders, especially when it is necessary for such families to help each other. However, practice and research related to support systems for families have begun only recently in Japan. Considering these issues, the authors developed a program to support mutual exchanges among parents of children with developmental disorders. This study aimed to verify the program’s effectiveness and to examine the relationship between participants’ program experience and its effectiveness. Participants included 21 male and female parents of children with developmental disorders. The parents were in their 30s to 50s (4 in their 30s, 14 in their 40s, and 3 in their 50s) (1 male, 20 females). Effectiveness indicators included the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition-Adult Short (POMS2-A Short) (before and after implementation), Session Impact Scale (SIS), and Mutual Exchange Support Experience Rating Scale. t-tests were conducted on the pre- and post-program results of the POMS2-A short. Results showed that scores on Anger-Hostility (t=4.77, df=20, p<.01, d=1.04), Confusion-Bewilderment (t=4.31, df=20, p<.01, d=.94), Depression-Dejection (t=2.88, df=20, p<.01, d=.63), Fatigue-Inertia (t=3.63, df=20, p<.01, d=.79), and Tension-Anxiety (t=3.61, df=20, p<.01, d=.79) in the POMS2-A Short decreased significantly after the implementation of the program. These results evidence the effectiveness of the program in improving several mood states, especially anger-hostility, tension-anxiety, depression-depression, and fatigue."

scholarly journals Tracking momentary experience in the evaluation of arts-on-prescription services: using mood changes during art workshops to predict global wellbeing change

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 270-276
Author(s):  
Nicola J Holt
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Before And After ◽  
First Time ◽  
Prescription Services

Aims: To measure the immediate impact of participating in arts-on-prescription workshops on multiple dimensions of mood and to evaluate whether improvement in mood is a mechanism for change, predicting improvements in global wellbeing before and after participation in arts-on-prescription programmes. Methods: The evaluation drew upon the experience sampling method, asking participants to complete a six-item mood questionnaire at the beginning and end of each workshop in a 12-week-long arts-on-prescription programme. Participants also completed a measure of global wellbeing at the beginning and end of the programme. Results: Multilevel modelling was used to test hypotheses since the data were hierarchical (with 1491 mood reports nested within 66 participants). There was a significant improvement in global wellbeing across participation in the arts-on-prescription programme. After each art workshop there was a significant increase on all dimensions of mood: hedonic tone (contentment); tense arousal (calmness); and energetic arousal (alertness). There was also a significant improvement in these dimensions of mood, over time, upon arrival at the art workshops each week. Furthermore, reduction in tense arousal after art workshops significantly predicted changes in global wellbeing. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a reduction in tense arousal (feeling less nervous, anxious and stressed) is a crucial component of arts-on-prescription services and make a direct link between experiences during art workshops and changes in global wellbeing for the first time. This strengthens the evidence base for arts-on-prescription and suggests that tracking experience across interventions is a useful evaluation tool, with much potential.

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