scholarly journals Diet impacts on the biological aspects of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under controlled laboratory conditions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0258431
Author(s):  
Arbab Ihsan ◽  
Khalid Ali Khan ◽  
Muhammad Sagir ◽  
Ahmad Nawaz ◽  
Sajid Fiaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Pectinophora Gossypiella ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Important Cash Crop ◽  
The Impact

Background Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a native pest of Asia and preferably invasion on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop as a commendatory host plant. Commercially, G. hirsutum is known as white gold and is an important cash crop all over the globe. Limited studies were published to focus on certain dietary compositions against different cotton pests. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in the laboratory under controlled conditions (temperature: 27 ± 2°C and relative humidity: 60 ± 10%) to determine the impact of three different treatment diets (wheat germ meal, okra, and chickpea) on the biological aspects (lifetime, developmental period) of P. gossypiella. Results Results revealed that the shortest larval time of P. gossypiella was observed on the okra feed diet while the longest period was recorded on the wheat germ diet. Meanwhile, the pupation delay was noted on the wheat germ diet. The dietary influence was also observed on adult stages of female and male P. gossypiella (43.00 and 37.50 days respectively) and compared with a standard diet (56.50 and 52.50 days respectively). Furthermore, larval weighed more on the okra and chickpea diet followed by the wheat germ diet, whereas highest pupal weight was observed on the standard diet followed by the chickpea diet and okra diet. Conclusion Developmental parameters were significantly variant across all treatment diets, whereas the higher significant difference was reported on the okra diet. Therefore, the existing data of this study offers fruitful interventions for the future as a modified diet for large-scale and rapid mass production of P. gossypiella larvae.

scholarly journals Lianas reduce carbon accumulation and storage in tropical forests

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (43) ◽  
pp. 13267-13271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geertje M. F. van der Heijden ◽  
Jennifer S. Powers ◽  
Stefan A. Schnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Woody Vines ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agent Of Change ◽  
The Impact

Tropical forests store vast quantities of carbon, account for one-third of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis, and are a major sink in the global carbon cycle. Recent evidence suggests that competition between lianas (woody vines) and trees may reduce forest-wide carbon uptake; however, estimates of the impact of lianas on carbon dynamics of tropical forests are crucially lacking. Here we used a large-scale liana removal experiment and found that, at 3 y after liana removal, lianas reduced net above-ground carbon uptake (growth and recruitment minus mortality) by ∼76% per year, mostly by reducing tree growth. The loss of carbon uptake due to liana-induced mortality was four times greater in the control plots in which lianas were present, but high variation among plots prevented a significant difference among the treatments. Lianas altered how aboveground carbon was stored. In forests where lianas were present, the partitioning of forest aboveground net primary production was dominated by leaves (53.2%, compared with 39.2% in liana-free forests) at the expense of woody stems (from 28.9%, compared with 43.9%), resulting in a more rapid return of fixed carbon to the atmosphere. After 3 y of experimental liana removal, our results clearly demonstrate large differences in carbon cycling between forests with and without lianas. Combined with the recently reported increases in liana abundance, these results indicate that lianas are an important and increasing agent of change in the carbon dynamics of tropical forests.

scholarly journals Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Clinical Characteristics in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Large Single-Centre Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Zhi-Ke Li ◽  
Xiyue Yang ◽  
Jie Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Lung cancer is the most common cancer malignancy worldwide. With the continuous spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally, it is of great significance to explore the impact of this disease on the clinical characteristics of lung cancer. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic had any influence on the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of patients with lung cancer. We collected clinical and demographic data of patients who were newly diagnosed with lung cancer at our hospital between February 2019 and July 2020. Overall, 387 patients with lung cancer were divided into two groups for analysis: epidemic group (from February to July 2020) and pre-epidemic group (from February to July 2019). The source of diagnosis and clinical characteristics of the two groups were analysed. T-test and Mann-Whitney U were used for continuous variables, and Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variable. We found that during the epidemic period, 110 cases of lung cancer were incidentally diagnosed during COVID-19 screening, accounting for 47.6% of all newly diagnosed lung cancer cases at our hospital. The proportions of patients who were diagnosed based on symptoms and physical examination in the epidemic group were 34.2 and 18.2%, respectively, while that in the pre-epidemic group were 41.7 and 58.3%, respectively. There was significant difference in the source of diagnosis between the two groups. In a subgroup analysis of the epidemic group, the average tumour volume of the patients diagnosed with COVID-19 screening was significantly smaller than that of the patients diagnosed with symptoms and physical examination. In conclusion, the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic may impact the screening and clinical characteristics of lung cancer and require large-scale and longer-term observation.

scholarly journals Comparative Biology of Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella Saund. on Bt. and Non-Bt. Cotton

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Imran Ali Rajput ◽  
Abdul Mubeen Lodhi ◽  
Tajwer Sultana Syed ◽  
Ghulam Hussain Abro ◽  
Imran Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Larval Instar ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Pectinophora Gossypiella ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Larval Duration ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Mortality Percentage

Effect of Bt. and non-Bt. cotton variety was investigated on biological parameters of pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella. In biological parameters, maximum larval duration of 4.5±0.07 days were recorded in the first instar on non-Bt. cotton and minimum 2.00±0.06 days in fourth larval instar on Bt. cotton. The larval weight was higher (20.24±1.74 mg) on non-Bt. and minimum on Bt. cotton (13.84±1.34 mg); meanwhile the maximum pupal weight of 23.46±0.55 mg was weighed on non-Bt. cotton and minimum 17.41±0.44 mg on Bt. cotton. A total period of 18.44±0.55 day’s adult female lived on non-Bt. cotton and15.44±0.43 on Bt. cotton. The overall maximum mean numbers of 119±1.99 eggs were observed on non-Bt. cotton as compared to Bt. cotton. Similarly, ovipositional rate was also higher (8.04±0.19 eggs/ female/day) on non-Bt. cotton. The maximum larval duration (11.36±0.30 days) was higher on non-Bt. cotton and minimum on Bt. cotton (8.03±0.43 days); meanwhile the maximum pupal period of 9.73±0.29 days were calculated on Bt. cotton and almost similar days of pupal period on non-Bt. cotton crop, respectively. The highest mortality percentage of all stages was found on Bt. cotton with maximum mortality percentage of 24.59% at 1st larval instar.

scholarly journals Indian scenario on the occurrence of a dreaded insect pest Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella on Bt cotton-A review

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
G.M.V. Prasada Rao ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Pectinophora Gossypiella ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Cry Toxins ◽  
Indian Populations ◽  
Indian Scenario

The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, has become a significant production constraint on Bt cotton in India. This problem is unique to India because the pest has developed multi-fold resistance to Cry toxins in many Indian populations but not in other countries. Most Indian populations have developed multifold resistance to Cry 1 Ac and Cry 1Ac + Cry 2 Ab toxins. Year-round cultivation of long-duration Bt cotton hybrids on a large scale has a pronounced impact on the incidence. Also discussed other factors responsible for the occurrence of pink bollworm on Bt cotton in India. Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) strategies implemented by different cotton-growing countries globally; the USA, India, and China had a significant impact on the interaction of pink bollworm on Bt cotton. Huge selection pressure resulted in resistance to Cry toxins. Time-tested IPM, if implemented on a community basis focusing on pheromones technology and closed season, will help sustain the cotton cultivation in India in the future. Thus, this review aims to congregate exhaustive information on the history, biology, resistance to Bt cotton, and Integrated Management (IPM) options for the Indian scenario, which would help researchers in their future endeavors.

scholarly journals Aging and high-fat diet feeding lead to peripheral insulin resistance and sex-dependent changes in brain of mouse model of tau pathology THY-Tau22

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Kacířová ◽  
Blanka Železná ◽  
Michaela Blažková ◽  
Martina Holubová ◽  
Andrea Popelová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Obesity leads to low-grade inflammation in the adipose tissue and liver and neuroinflammation in the brain. Obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR) and neuroinflammation seem to intensify neurodegeneration including Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, the impact of high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity on potential neuroinflammation and peripheral IR was tested separately in males and females of THY-Tau22 mice, a model of tau pathology expressing mutated human tau protein. Methods Three-, 7-, and 11-month-old THY-Tau22 and wild-type males and females were tested for mobility, anxiety-like behavior, and short-term spatial memory in open-field and Y-maze tests. Plasma insulin, free fatty acid, cholesterol, and leptin were evaluated with commercial assays. Liver was stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histology. Brain sections were 3′,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and/or fluorescently detected for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and tau phosphorylated at T231 (pTau (T231)), and analyzed. Insulin signaling cascade, pTau, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) were quantified by western blotting of hippocampi of 11-month-old mice. Data are mean ± SEM and were subjected to Mann-Whitney t test within age and sex and mixed-effects analysis and Bonferroni’s post hoc test for age comparison. Results Increased age most potently decreased mobility and increased anxiety in all mice. THY-Tau22 males showed impaired short-term spatial memory. HF diet increased body, fat, and liver weights and peripheral IR. HF diet-fed THY-Tau22 males showed massive Iba1+ microgliosis and GFAP+ astrocytosis in the hippocampus and amygdala. Activated astrocytes colocalized with pTau (T231) in THY-Tau22, although no significant difference in hippocampal tau phosphorylation was observed between 11-month-old HF and standard diet-fed THY-Tau22 mice. Eleven-month-old THY-Tau22 females, but not males, on both diets showed decreased synaptic and postsynaptic plasticity. Conclusions Significant sex differences in neurodegenerative signs were found in THY-Tau22. Impaired short-term spatial memory was observed in 11-month-old THY-tau22 males but not females, which corresponded to increased neuroinflammation colocalized with pTau(T231) in the hippocampi and amygdalae of THY-Tau22 males. A robust decrease in synaptic and postsynaptic plasticity was observed in 11-month-old females but not males. HF diet caused peripheral but not central IR in mice of both sexes.

scholarly journals Measurement and Analysis of Differences in The Impact of The Implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) Based on The Mann Whitney Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Bambang Budiarto
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Statistical Measurement ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Employment Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
The Impact

This research is a non-parametric statistical measurement form which use the Mann Whitney Test. The aim is to determine whether or not there are differences in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB as a result of Covid-19 pandemic in the Surabaya, Gresik and Sidoarjo areas through the distribution of questionnaires and interviews, a sample of 134 people who were distributed in the 3 regions obtained. From the results of repeated simulations, measurements and testing to answer existing hypotheses, it can be seen that there are 3 things that are the conclusions of this study. The first conclusion, that there is no difference in the impact of the PSBB implementation in the Sidoarjo and Surabaya areas, which use α = 5%, the value obtained Zcount = -0.65745 is higher than Ztabel = +/- 1.96. It is in the receiving area which means H0 or the hypothesis that there is no difference in the impact of the PSBB implementation between Sidoarjo and Surabaya areas cannot be rejected. The second conclusion, that there are differences in the impact of the PSBB implementation in the Surabaya and Gresik areas with the result that the value of Zcount = -2.28792 is lower than Ztable. The same thing happened in the third test, there was a significant difference in the impact of the PSBB implementation in Sidoarjo and Gresik areas. Furthermore, in the descriptive analysis, there are several factors were found which effect the three tests result, as follows: geographic, demographic, social, cultural and employment factors.

scholarly journals Strategic Change and the Improvement of Organizational Performance: A Study Based On Meta-Analysis

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Junjie Wu, Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strategic Change ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: In order to explore the factors that lead to the difference of outcome between strategic change and organizational performance.Methods: This paper takes the correlation coefficient between strategic change and organizational performance as the effect value, and conducts Meta integration analysis and Meta regression analysis on 23 important literatures involving 7225 enterprise samples from 2008 to 2018.Results: Firstly, the meta-integration method is used to estimate the overall results of existing empirical studies. The results show that strategic change is significantly positively correlated with organizational performance. Second, there are too many moderating factors that lead to different conclusions of research on strategic change-organizational performance. Therefore, Meta regression method is used to explore the impact of 10 moderating factors on the relationship between the two. First, positive strategic change has a better moderating effect; Second, compared with small and medium-sized enterprises, the performance of strategic change of large-scale enterprises is better; Third, the more recent the year of publication, the less supportive the relationship between strategic change and organizational performance; Fourth, there is no significant difference between data types and the relationship between strategic change and organizational performance, but data time span has a significant negative moderating effect.Conclusions: This study shows that the quantitative literature study of meta analysis not only helps to resolve the existing theoretical disputes, but also helps to explore new theoretical studies in the context of COVID-19 epidemic in the future, meanwhile, it also provides a novel framework for quantitative literature analysis.

scholarly journals Diet modulates brain network stability, a biomarker for brain aging, in young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 6170-6177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilianne R. Mujica-Parodi ◽  
Anar Amgalan ◽  
Syed Fahad Sultan ◽  
Botond Antal ◽  
Xiaofei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Network Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ketone Ester

Epidemiological studies suggest that insulin resistance accelerates progression of age-based cognitive impairment, which neuroimaging has linked to brain glucose hypometabolism. As cellular inputs, ketones increase Gibbs free energy change for ATP by 27% compared to glucose. Here we test whether dietary changes are capable of modulating sustained functional communication between brain regions (network stability) by changing their predominant dietary fuel from glucose to ketones. We first established network stability as a biomarker for brain aging using two large-scale (n= 292, ages 20 to 85 y;n= 636, ages 18 to 88 y) 3 T functional MRI (fMRI) datasets. To determine whether diet can influence brain network stability, we additionally scanned 42 adults, age < 50 y, using ultrahigh-field (7 T) ultrafast (802 ms) fMRI optimized for single-participant-level detection sensitivity. One cohort was scanned under standard diet, overnight fasting, and ketogenic diet conditions. To isolate the impact of fuel type, an independent overnight fasted cohort was scanned before and after administration of a calorie-matched glucose and exogenous ketone ester (d-β-hydroxybutyrate) bolus. Across the life span, brain network destabilization correlated with decreased brain activity and cognitive acuity. Effects emerged at 47 y, with the most rapid degeneration occurring at 60 y. Networks were destabilized by glucose and stabilized by ketones, irrespective of whether ketosis was achieved with a ketogenic diet or exogenous ketone ester. Together, our results suggest that brain network destabilization may reflect early signs of hypometabolism, associated with dementia. Dietary interventions resulting in ketone utilization increase available energy and thus may show potential in protecting the aging brain.

The Impact of Kuroshio Extension Fronts Variation on the Pacific Storm Tracks and the relationship with Temperature over North America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziniu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Kuroshio Extension ◽  
Storm Tracks ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Kuroshio

&lt;p&gt;The intensity index of Kuroshio Extension and northern front zones (KEF) is defined as the area average of SST meridional gradient by using Hadley Center&amp;#8217;s surface sea temperature dataset (1949-2014), and the Kuroshio Extension frontal intensity index (KEFI) has seasonal to interdecadal variations. In winter, the KEFI has significant positive correlation with transient variances in the North Pacific storm tracks area, and the positive relationship appears when KEFI lead storm tracks one month which indicates the intensity of KEF could influence storm tracks in winter. To investigate the possible mechanism, we found: when the winter SST front is stronger, the more significant difference between ocean-air heat flux in both sides of KEF could strengthen the near-surface temperature gradient, which maintains the near-surface baroclincity and benefits the transient heat transport, promote the develop of transient eddies at last. Additional, the large-scale circulation also be response to KEF in winter: when the KEF is stronger, the Aleutian is deepen, the subtropical high is strengthen, the 500 hPa potential high is increased (decreased) in south (north), the subtropical jet is weaker and wider. It is found that the oceanic fronts promote storm tracks by transporting heat upward and maintaining the air temperature gradient in winter. In further, the significant correlation was found between the Kuroshio Extension Oceanic Front intensity and the temperature over North America in autumn and winter.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Adolescence Learning Behavior in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Syiva Fitria ◽  
Dedy Surya
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Indonesia is one among many countries applies lockdown or large-scale social restriction in order to suppress transmission rates. The current study examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown decision on sedentary behavior among adolescents in Indonesia. An online survey was administered to 255 adolescents on August until October. The online survey consists of questions on demographic information and Adolescence Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the difference between total hours spend on performing sedentary behavior before and after the pandemic. A paired sample t-test revealed there was a significant difference in total hours spend on performing sedentary behavior before and after the pandemic (t (254) = -12.8, p<.001). Adolescence is performing more sedentary behavior after the pandemic (M=10.43, SD=3.11) compared to the time before the pandemic (M=8.68, SD=3.47). In conclusion, the covid-19 pandemic cause change on sedentary behavior where there were increase of the total hour adolescence spend on performing sedentary behavior, including a significant change in learning behavior.

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