scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factor associated with respiratory viral pathogens in dual-purpose cattle of Aguachica, Rio de Oro, and La Gloria municipalities in Cesar department, Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 951-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Pinilla León ◽  
Wilson Diaz ◽  
María Cristina Vasquez ◽  
Julio Cesar Tobón ◽  
Alfredo Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle

Aim: The research was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factor associated with respiratory viral pathogens in dual-purpose cattle of Aguachica, Rio de Oro and La Gloria municipalities in Cesar department, Colombia. Materials and Methods: The seroprevalence study was done from the random sampling (n=1000) of blood collected from 29 dual-purpose herds, located in three municipalities (Aguachica, Rio de Oro, and La Gloria) of Cesar department. The presence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPI-3V) in the samples was detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Epidemiological data were obtained using a questionnaire administered to the owner or manager of each herd. Results: The overall highest seroprevalence was observed for BHV-1 (94.7%), followed by BRSV (98.6%), BVDV (35.2%), and BPI-3V (47.1%). Regarding the seroprevalence by municipalities, there was a statistical association (p<0.05) for BVDV; however, for BRSV, BHV-1, and BPI-3V, no statistical association was found (p>0.05) between seropositive values and the municipalities, indicating that animal was seropositive in similar proportions in the three municipalities. Female sex and older animals (>24 months) were a significant risk factor for BHV-1 and BPI-3V infection. Regarding the clinical signs, there was a statistical association (p<0.05) between the seropositive values of BVDV and most of clinical signs observed, except for abortion. Conclusion: This research confirms the high seroprevalence of the respiratory viral pathogens in nonvaccinated cattle within the study areas. Therefore, appropriate sanitary management practices and routine vaccination programs should be adopted to reduce the seroprevalence of these infectious agents.

scholarly journals Effects of Multivalent BRD Vaccine Treatment and Temperament on Performance and Feeding Behavior Responses to a BVDV1b Challenge in Beef Steers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2133
Author(s):  
Paul Smith ◽  
Gordon Carstens ◽  
Chase Runyan ◽  
Julia Ridpath ◽  
Jason Sawyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Vaccine Treatment ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Traditional Performance ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

This study examined the effects of multivalent respiratory vaccine treatment (VT) and animal temperament classification on feeding behavior traits, feed intake and animal performance in response to a bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) challenge. Nellore–Angus crossbred steers (n = 360; initial body weight (BW) 330 ± 48 kg) were assigned to one of three vaccine treatments: non-vaccinated (NON), modified live (MLV) and killed (KV) regarding respiratory viral pathogens, and inoculated intranasally with the same BVDV1b strain. Cattle temperament categories were based on exit velocity. Overt clinical signs of respiratory disease were not observed, yet the frequency and duration of bunk visit events as well as traditional performance traits decreased (p < 0.01) following BVDV challenge and then rebounded in compensatory fashion. The reduction in dry matter intake (DMI) was less (p < 0.05) for MLV-vaccinated steers, and MLV-vaccinated steers had longer (p < 0.01) durations of bunk visit and meal events and slower (p < 0.01) eating rates compared with KV- and non-vaccinated steers following BVDV challenge. Greater differences in most feeding behavior traits due to VT existed within calm vs. excitable steers. Respiratory vaccination can reduce the sub-clinical feeding behavior and performance effects of BVDV in cattle, and the same impacts may not occur across all temperament categories.

scholarly journals Reproductive management strategies to reduce postpartum anestrus in dual-purpose cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan González-Maldonado ◽  
Miguel J. García-Winder ◽  
Jaime Gallegos-Sánchez ◽  
Camelia A. Herrera-Corredor ◽  
Gustavo Sosa-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Postpartum Weight

Objective: To share technical aspects and recommendations to improve the reproductive and productive efficiency of dual-purpose cattle. Design/Methodology/Approach: A review of scientific articles published in journals was carried out to show the importance of some factors that limit reproduction, as well as to identify management strategies to increase the reproductive potential in dual-purpose cows. Results: The duration of postpartum anestrus is reduced by weaning calves at a few days or weeks of age, restricting suckling to short periods of the day, delaying suckling, and exposing cows to a bull during postpartum. On average, the combined effect of delayed suckling and exposure of cows to a bull reduces postpartum anestrus to less than 50 d and the calving-conception interval to 84 days. Milk production and calf weight gain also are improved without affecting postpartum weight changes in cows. Study Limitations/Implications: Extensive management of dual-purpose cattle reduces the intensive use of some reproductive biotechnologies commonly applied in other animal production systems. Findings/Conclusions: Improvement in the reproductive efficiency of dual-purpose cattle can be achieved by reducing the postpartum anestrus by using reproductive management strategies and minor modifications to common management practices.

scholarly journals Chlamydia trachomatis IgM and gG antibodies and associated risk factors of among positive and negative HIV women attending consultation at the Mbouo-Banjoun Presbyterian Hospital West Region of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Fonkeng Sama ◽  
Michel Noubom ◽  
Romeo Joël Nguekam ◽  
Solange Dabou ◽  
Thibau Flaurant Tchouangueu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Igm Antibodies

Background:Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection in the genitourinary tract is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD) worldwide. Genital chlamydial infection has a huge impact on sexual and reproductive health, and it is very common in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalance and risk factors for C. trachomatisinfection in women seeking medical care in the locality of Mbouo-BanjounWest Region of Cameroon. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional hospital based study from November 2016 to June 2017 in which we recruited 204 consenting women aged 18 to 55 years. A questionnaire was administered to study participants and potential risk factors for Chlamydia exposure sought. Venous blood was collected and serum from each participant analysed for C. trachomatis infection as evidenced by positive anti-C. trachomatisIgG and IgM antibodies detected using the Sandwich Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. The proportion of anti-C. trachomatis antibody was calculated and predictors of C. trachomatis infection analysed by univariate and multivariate regression. Epi-Info 7 was used for statistical analyses. A p < 0.05 was considered significant in all analyses. Results: The seroprevalence of anti-C. trachomatisantibodies (IgM or IgG) was found to be62.25% [127/204]. Among seropositive women, 37.15% [77/204] were seropositive for IgG antibodies while 47.54% [97/204] were seropositive for IgM antibodies and 23.04% [47/204] where seropositive for both IgM and IgG antibodies. Among the risk factors evaluated, marital status (P= 0.03) and knowledge of Chlamydia (P= 0.001) were observed to be an independent risk factor of C. trachomatisinfection. Conclusions: Our findings suggest recent C. trachomatisexposure is high in our study population, and may constitute a significant risk factor for, ocular and pulmonary infection in new born child, infertility to women. Education and screening of HIV-positive individuals and pregnant women for C. trachomatisinfection may be important primary prevention strategies in this population.

Ventricular Catheter Tract Hemorrhage as a Risk Factor for Ventriculostomy-Related Infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Kim ◽  
James Lee ◽  
Rui Feng ◽  
Alexander Chartrain ◽  
Stanislaw Sobotka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Ventricular Catheter ◽  
Contributing Factors

Abstract BACKGROUND Ventriculostomy-related infection (VRI) is a feared complication of external ventricular drain (EVD) placement. Although many contributing factors to VRI have been examined, little is known whether there is an association between ventriculostomy-related catheter tract hemorrhage (VCTH) and VRI. OBJECTIVE To evaluate risk factors for VRI and assess possible correlations with VCTH. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with EVD placement in a neurocritical care unit between 2011 and 2015. VRI was defined as clinical signs of infection with a positive cerebrospinal fluid gram stain and isolation of cerebrospinal fluid culture. VCTH was diagnosed by computed tomography immediately after EVD insertion. RESULTS A total of 247 patients with EVD were identified during the 5-yr study period. An association between VCTH and gram-negative VRI was identified (P = .02). Ten percent (25 of 247 patients) developed a VRI, and 7% (18 of 247 patients) had a VCTH. Of the 25 patients with VRI, 20% (n = 5) had a VCTH, compared to 6% (n = 13) of 222 patients who had an EVD placed but did not develop VRI. There were no significant differences in demographic and clinical factors except for multiple EVD insertions (P < .00001), EVD duration (P < .001), and hospital length of stay (P < .001). CONCLUSION VCTH is a potentially significant risk factor for VRI. Further analysis will be needed to confirm the strength of this association, and to delineate the possible mechanisms by which tract hemorrhage may serve as a nidus for bacterial penetration into the central nervous system.

Risk factors and predictors of angiostrongylosis in naturally infected dogs in the southeast of England

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Sarah Holmes ◽  
Phillip Paine ◽  
Ian Wright ◽  
Eric R. Morgan ◽  
Hany M. Elsheikha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Infected Group

Canine pulmonary angiostrongylosis is a snail-borne parasitic infection caused by the nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum. The spread of A. vasorum across the UK in recent years, alongside the launch of new pharmaceutical products licenced for its treatment and prevention, has led to raised awareness of this parasite among veterinarians and the public alike. This raised profile has been beneficial in reducing canine morbidity and mortality associated with infection, especially in parts of the country where it had not previously been routinely diagnosed. It is vital, therefore, given raised public awareness and geographical spread of the parasite, that the veterinary professionals have demographic data to help give accurate risk-based advice. This study retrospectively evaluated demographic factors (age, gender and breed) and clinical presentation of 100 dogs with natural A. vasorum infection by reviewing the clinical record database at private practices, spanning the period from 2003 to 2009, alongside 100 dogs presenting for other reasons as a control sample. A significant relationship was detected between young age and A. vasorum infection (P<0.001), with dogs less than 1 year of age 4.2 times more likely to fall into the infected group. Gender was not identified as a significant risk factor for A. vasorum infection in dogs. Breed was a significant risk factor, with Cocker Spaniels over-represented in the infected group, and Staffordshire Bull Terriers and cross-breeds under-represented. The strongest contrast was between cross-bred and pure-bred dogs as a whole, with the latter 23 times more likely to present with angiostrongylosis. Significant associations were found between A. vasorum infection and dogs presenting with cough, coagulopathy, vomiting/diarrhoea and/or lethargy (P<0.05). The diagnostic value of clinical signs for the presence of disease, expressed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, was >0.7, indicating that correct diagnosis (discrimination between dogs with or without the disease) can be achieved in 70% of the clinical cases by accurate history taking. These findings provide important clues regarding the risk of infection to an individual dog, and thus may facilitate improved recognition of infection based on clinical presentation, and implementation of preventative strategies to combat A. vasorum infection.

scholarly journals Technical and environmental characterization of dual-purpose cattle farms and ways of improving production: A case study in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo González-Quintero ◽  
Rolando Barahona-Rosales ◽  
Diana María Bolívar-Vergara ◽  
Ngonidzashe Chirinda ◽  
Jacobo Arango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Livestock Management ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Cattle Systems ◽  
Large Farms

Abstract There are few reports on dual-purpose cattle systems characterization in Latin America and Colombia based on large datasets. This limits our understanding of their dynamics, and the establishment of public policies and government programs to improve their productive performance, promotion and rural development. This study aimed to characterize very small, small, medium, and large dual-purpose farms in Colombia from technical and environmental perspectives. The data analysed were obtained from the Ganadería Colombiana Sostenible and the LivestockPlus projects, which gathered information from a total of 1313 dual-purpose farms in Colombia. Farms were classified as being either very small (1 to 30 bovines), small (31 to 50 bovines), medium (51 to 250 bovines), or large farms (more than 251 bovines). Numerical and categorical variables were distributed into five components: (1) General Farm Information, (2) Herd Composition and Management, (3) Pasture Management, (4) Production Information, and (5) Environmental Information. Each component was analysed using the factorial analysis of mixed data (FAMD) method. According to FAMD, for the components General Farm Information, Herd Composition and Management, Pasture Management, and Production Information, the distribution of variables led to a spatial separation of the centroid from each category of producers. For the component Environmental Information, there was no separation of the centroid. In general, medium-sized and large farms showed better infrastructure, better machinery and equipment, and better reproductive practices; however, this was not reflected in a significant improvement of productive parameters, except for a lower mortality rate. Larger livestock producers need to plan their livestock husbandry activities properly, based on their better available infrastructure and livestock management practices, with the purpose of increasing productivity. The main features identified for each livestock producer category can be the basis to guide and establish policies and programmes for their technological development. The development of better livestock management practices and the implementation of technology, as well as technical assistance, should focus on small- and medium-sized livestock producers, which could lead to reaching a better productive and reproductive performance of dual-purpose systems.

Physical Illness and Suicide Risk in Rural Residents of Contemporary China

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun-Xian Jia ◽  
Lin-Lin Wang ◽  
Ai-Qiang Xu ◽  
Ai-Ying Dai ◽  
Ping Qin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population

Background: Physical illness is linked with an increased risk of suicide; however, evidence from China is limited. Aims: To assess the influence of physical illness on risk of suicide among rural residents of China, and to examine the differences in the characteristics of people completing suicide with physical illness from those without physical illness. Method: In all, 200 suicide cases and 200 control subjects, 1:1 pair-matched on sex and age, were included from 25 townships of three randomly selected counties in Shandong Province, China. One informant for each suicide or control subject was interviewed to collect data on the physical health condition and psychological and sociodemographic status. Results: The prevalence of physical illness in suicide cases (63.0%) was significantly higher than that in paired controls (41.0%; χ2 = 19.39, p < .001). Compared with suicide cases without physical illness, people who were physically ill and completed suicide were generally older, less educated, had lower family income, and reported a mental disorder less often. Physical illness denoted a significant risk factor for suicide with an associated odds ratio of 3.23 (95% CI: 1.85–5.62) after adjusted for important covariates. The elevated risk of suicide increased progressively with the number of comorbid illnesses. Cancer, stroke, and a group of illnesses comprising dementia, hemiplegia, and encephalatrophy had a particularly strong effect among the commonly reported diagnoses in this study population. Conclusion: Physical illness is an important risk factor for suicide in rural residents of China. Efforts for suicide prevention are needed and should be integrated with national strategies of health care in rural China.

scholarly journals Pestivirus infections in cervids from the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
K. Sedlak ◽  
T. Girma ◽  
J. Holejsovsky
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Border Disease

372 sera of cervids from the Czech Republic were examined for antibodies to the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV) by competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for the presence of the BVDV by AgELISA. Antibodies to BVDV/BDV were found in 0.6% (two positive/305 tested) red deer (<I>Cervus elaphus</I>). BVDV/BDV antibodies were not found in four sika deer (<I>Cervus Nippon</I>) and 63 fallow deer (<I>Dama dama</I>). All serum samples were BVDV antigen negative. Our results confirmed that red deer in the Czech Republic are only rarely infected with Pestiviruses. This was the first survey of pestiviruses in farmed and wild cervids in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Global Distribution and Genetic Heterogeneity of Border Disease Virus

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Cecilia Righi ◽  
Stefano Petrini ◽  
Ilaria Pierini ◽  
Monica Giammarioli ◽  
Gian Mario De Mia
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Border Disease

Border disease virus (BDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Interspecies transmission of BDV between sheep, cattle, and pigs occurs regularly, sometimes making diagnosis a challenge. BDV can yield substantial economic losses, including prenatal and postnatal infections in lambs, which are the primary source of infection and maintenance of the virus in the population. Since BDV is antigenically and genetically related to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), it might pose a significant risk to cattle, influencing BVDV eradication campaigns. Similarly, the presence of BDV in swine herds due to pestivirus spillover between small ruminants and pigs might cause uncertainty in classical swine fever virus (CSFV) diagnostics. Therefore, knowledge of BDV epidemiology in different geographical regions will help prevent its spread and optimize control measures. Previous epidemiological studies have shown that various BDV genotypes are predominant in different countries. This review provides an overview of the spread of BDV world-wide in different host species.

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