scholarly journals Effect of Different Acids on Rice Husk Calcination and Extraction of Bio-Silica

2022 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-375
Author(s):  
S. Nagachandrudu ◽  
S.T. Maheswari ◽  
R. Jayaprakash
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Lower Carbon

Silica is an essential material which has many applications in various fields such as construction, catalyst, optical fibers and raw material of metallurgical industry. This work observed the recent trends in silica extraction from agro and natural wastes for high-tech applications. Hence, this work approached in new way for the bio-silica extraction from waste rice husk using HCl, H2SO4 and CH3COOH for the calcination. The results revealed that the effect of pH on ash nature and silica purity. The purity of silica was differed based on metal ions, rice husk ash color and non-combusted carbon. The results were compared with treatment in absence of acid ash using FT-IR, SEM, EDAX and XRD analysis to measure the effect of pH on the bio-silica purity. This work observed the lower carbon content in acid treated ash when compare to water washed rice husk.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Silica-Salen Derivative from Rice Husk Ash and its Use for Extraction of Divalent Metal Ions Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duha Hussien Attol ◽  
Hayder Hamied Mihsen
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Divalent Metal Ions ◽  
Prepared Compound ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir

Rice husk ash (RHA) was used to prepare sodium silicate, which in turn was functionalized with 3-(chloropropyl)triethoxysilane employing the sol-gel technique to form RHACCl. Chloro group in RHACCl was replaced with iodo group forming RHACI. Ethylenediamine was immobilized on RHACI in order to prepare it for the reaction with salicylaldehyde to form a silica derivative-salen. FT-IR analysis indicated the presence of secondary amine and –NH and C=N absorption bands. XRD analysis revealed the occurrence of the broad diffused peak with maximum intensity at 22–23° (2θ). BET measurements showed also that the surface area of the prepared compound is 274.55 m2/g. Elemental analysis proved the existence of nitrogen in the structure of the prepared compound. The silica derivative-salen showed high potential for extraction and removal of heavy contaminating metal ions Ni(II), Cu(II), and Co(II) from aqueous solutions. The kinetic study demonstrates that the adsorption of the metal ions follows the pseudo-second order.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Derived from Empty Fruit Bunch

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 2523-2535
Author(s):  
Nurul Suhada Ab Rasid ◽  
Muzakkir Mohammad Zainol ◽  
Nor Aishah Saidina Amin
Keyword(s):  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Cellulose Structure ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), a cellulose rich lignocellulosic biomass has huge potential to be utilised as a raw material for the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). In this study, CMC was synthesised from EFB extracted cellulose at the optimum carboxymethylation reaction conditions. The extracted cellulose yield obtained by alkaline treatment followed by bleaching with hydrogen peroxide was 45.5 wt.%. The cellulose structure was elucidated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Meanwhile, the synthesised CMC was characterised with FT-IR, XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The maximum degree of substitution (DS) obtained was 1.30 with the yield of 177.51 wt.% and purity 89% determined using chemical methods at the optimum conditions of 30 wt.% of NaOH, 18 g of SMCA, 65 °C, 3 h reaction time and less than 75 μm of EFB-cellulose particle size. XRD analysis inferred low crystallinity while FTIR spectra verified the CMC structure and presence of different functional groups. The results for DS and EFB CMC yield obtained from this work were considerably higher than those reported in the literature. The synthesised EFB CMC can be further utilised in various industries such as detergent, mining, flotation, and oil and gas drilling muds applications.

Preparation and Characterization of Biomass Carbon Adsorbent from Rice Husk and its Adsorption Properties on p-Chlorophenol

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 510-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Xiang Quan ◽  
Jin Long Yan ◽  
Cheng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Carbon Adsorbent ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Cost

Carbon materials possess special structural and fascinating functions. The use of biomass raw material to produce a variety of carbon materials can reduce the cost of production, and also achieve the sustainable development of carbon materials. A series of biomass carbon adsorbent were prepared by controlling the different carbonization temperatures (100 ~ 700 °C) using rice husk as the representatives of biomass, and the structure of these obtained biomass carbon were characterized by FT-IR. Adsorption properties of p-chlorophenol on the biomass carbon were also investigated. Results shown that the C/H and C/O values were decreased with the increasing carbonization temperatures, with the increasing of aromatic fractions in the biomass carbon materials. p-Chlorophenol was significantly adsorbed on the surface of these biomass carbon, the higher adsorption capacity was found in the biomass carbon produced with higher carbonization temperatures. The obtained results can be used for the further research in the study of adsorption properties and mechanism of biomass carbon in wastewater treatment.

THE PAPER CHARACTERISTICS FROM COMBINATION OF RICE HUSKS AND EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES

Konversi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Yuli Ristianingsih ◽  
Hero Islami ◽  
Muhammad Sarwani
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Chemical Pulping ◽  
Study Characteristics

Abstract- Rice husk and empty fruit bunches are agricultural and plantation wastes which have fiber cellulose and hemicellulose, it can be converted to pulp and paper. This research aims to study the effect of NaOH concentration (2, 4, 6 and 8% w/v) and raw material composition to pulp yield and to study characteristics of the paper combination of rice husk and empty fruit bunches using soda process based on SEM and XRD analysis.  This research using soda process because it is suitable for non-wood raw materials, low cost operations and not use sulfur compounds. Dry raw materials are mixed with NaOH and digesting using autoclave (100°C, 1 atm) for 60 minutes. NaOH concentration optimum used in the pulping process a combination rice husk and empty fruit bunches (1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1) and then cooled for 30 minutes. Pulp is bleached with NaClO 5.25% (v / v), then formed and dried as paper. The lowest pulp yield obtained in a ratio of 2: 1 is 27.6%. Based on the observation of SEM known the fiber of rice husk and empty fruit bunches is 5.88 to 9.8 μm and 8.82 to 14.71 μm, while based on XRD observations, chemical treatment can improve the characteristic of peak intensity on paper combination. The highest advances of peak intensity in the 1:3 ratio is 71.28% (cellulose I)  dan  83.33% (cellulose II).                                                                                                                    Keywords: rice husk, empty fruit bunches, chemical pulping, soda process 

Structural, Thermal and Electrical Properties of Doped Poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepali Kelkar ◽  
◽  
Ashish Chourasia ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Structure Modification ◽  
Camphorsulfonic Acid ◽  
Thermal And Electrical Properties ◽  
Ft Ir

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was chemically synthesized, undoped and then re-doped using FeCl3 as well as camphorsulfonic acid (CSA). FT-IR results confirm the nature of the synthesized and doped samples. XRD analysis indicates crystal structure modification after doping and was also used to calculate crystallinity of samples. Crystallinity increases after FeCl3 doping, whereas it reduces due to CSA doping. TGA-DTA results show reduction in Tg value for FeCl3 doped sample while it increases for CSA doped samples compared to that of undoped PEDOT. Reduction in Tg indicates plasticizing effect of FeCl3 whereas increase in Tg show anti-plasticizing effect of CSA in PEDOT. Conductivity value () increases by two orders of magnitude after doping. Log vs. 1/T graph show metallic nature of undoped PEDOT above 308 K, however both doped samples show semiconducting nature from 301 to 383 K.

Research status of microwave-assisted reduction technology of pyrolusite

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Qiannan ◽  
Ling Yeqing ◽  
Zheng Hewen ◽  
Yang Zhi
Keyword(s):  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Research Status ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Research Intensity ◽  
Stable Development

: Manganese ore is an important metallurgical raw material that holds an important strategic position in the national economy of China. However, the grade of manganese ore in the country is mostly low, and the utilization efficiency of lowgrade manganese ore resources is low, which seriously restrict the healthy and stable development of China’s metallurgical industry. As a new green heating method, microwave is expected to address the problems of conventional methods and realize the effective utilization of low-grade manganese ore. In this paper, the research status of the microwave composite reduction of pyrolusite in recent years is reviewed. Microwave plays an important role in metallurgy, and it is the current direction pursued to improve the research intensity of microwave heating and extend it to actual industrial processes.

scholarly journals Clinoptilolite as a natural, active zeolite catalyst for the chemical transformations of geraniol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Fajdek-Bieda ◽  
Agnieszka Wróblewska ◽  
Piotr Miądlicki ◽  
Jadwiga Tołpa ◽  
Beata Michalkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Catalyst Content ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Instrumental Methods

AbstractThis work presented the studies with the natural zeolite—clinoptilolite as the catalyst for the isomerization of geraniol. During the research, it turned out that the studied process is much more complicated, and not only isomerization takes place in it, but also dehydration, oxidation, dimerization, cyclization and fragmentation of the carbon chain. Geraniol is an organic raw material which can be obtained not only by a chemical synthesis but also from plants (renewable biomass) by distillation or extraction method, for example a source of geraniol can be a plant—geranium. Before catalytic tests clinoptilolite was characterized by the instrumental methods, such as: XRD, porosity studies—nitrogen adsorption at 77 K, SEM, EDXRF, and FT-IR. Gas chromatography analyses showed that the main products of geraniol isomerization process were 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol. The selectivity of 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol depended on the temperature, catalyst content and reaction time. These parameters were changed in the following ranges: 80–150 °C (temperature), 5–15 wt% (catalyst content) and 15–1440 min. (reaction time). The most favorable conditions for 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol obtaining were: temperature 140 ºC, catalyst content 12.5 wt% and reaction time 180 min. At these conditions, the conversion of geraniol amounted to 98 mol%, and the selectivities of 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol amounted to 14 and 47 mol%, respectively.

A study on using expanded perlite with hydroxyapatite: Reinforced bio-composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199656
Author(s):  
Erdoğan Karip ◽  
Mehtap Muratoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

People are exposed to different kinds of diseases or various accidents in life. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely employed for bone treatment applications. In this study, HA was extracted from sheep bones. Bio-composites were doped with 1, 5, and 10 wt.% of expanded perlite and 5 wt.% of ZrO2–MgO-P2O5. The bio-composites were prepared by the cold isostatic pressing method (250 MPa) and sintered at 900°C for 1 h. In order to evaluate the characteristics of the bio-composites, microhardness, density, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were carried out on them. Additionally, the specimens whose characteristics were determined were kept in synthetic body fluid (SBF), and their in vitro behavior was examined. As a result, it was observed that microhardness increased as both the weight and the grain size of the expanded perlite were increased. Calcium silicate, tri-calcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite were observed in the XRD analysis of all samples, and the formation of apatite structures was increased by addition of ZrO2–MgO–P2O5.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Synthesis of Sodalite-Type N-A-S-H from Fly Ash to Remove Ammonium and Phosphorus from Water

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2741
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Lv ◽  
Ruihong Meng ◽  
Zhongyang Mao ◽  
Min Deng
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sodium Aluminosilicate ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
One Step ◽  
Ft Ir

In this study, the hydrated sodium aluminosilicate material was synthesized by one-step hydrothermal alkaline desilication using fly ash (FA) as raw material. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, XRF, FT-IR and SEM. The characterization results showed that the alkali-soluble desilication successfully had synthesized the sodium aluminosilicate crystalline (N-A-S-H) phase of sodalite-type (SOD), and the modified material had good ionic affinity and adsorption capacity. In order to figure out the suitability of SOD as an adsorbent for the removal of ammonium and phosphorus from wastewater, the effects of material dosing, contact time, ambient pH and initial solute concentration on the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphorus are investigated by intermittent adsorption tests. Under the optimal adsorption conditions, the removal rate of ammonium was 73.3%, the removal rate of phosphate was 85.8% and the unit adsorption capacity reached 9.15 mg/L and 2.14 mg/L, respectively. Adsorption kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of ammonium and phosphorus by SOD was consistent with a quasi-secondary kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm analysis showed that the equilibrium data were in good agreement with the Langmuir and Freundlich model. According to thermodynamic calculations, the adsorption of ammonium and phosphorus was found to be a heat-absorbing and spontaneous process. Therefore, the preparation of SOD by modified FA has good adsorption properties as adsorbent and has excellent potential for application in the removal of contaminants from wastewater.

scholarly journals A Methodology Based on FT-IR Data Combined with Random Forest Model to Generate Spectralprints for the Characterization of High-Quality Vinegars

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
José Luis P. Calle ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Gerardo F. Barbero ◽  
José Á. Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Ft Ir

Sherry wine vinegar is a Spanish gourmet product under Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Before a vinegar can be labeled as Sherry vinegar, the product must meet certain requirements as established by its PDO, which, in this case, means that it has been produced following the traditional solera and criadera ageing system. The quality of the vinegar is determined by many factors such as the raw material, the acetification process or the aging system. For this reason, mainly producers, but also consumers, would benefit from the employment of effective analytical tools that allow precisely determining the origin and quality of vinegar. In the present study, a total of 48 Sherry vinegar samples manufactured from three different starting wines (Palomino Fino, Moscatel, and Pedro Ximénez wine) were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data were combined with unsupervised exploratory techniques such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), as well as other nonparametric supervised techniques, namely, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), for the characterization of the samples. The HCA and PCA results present a clear grouping trend of the vinegar samples according to their raw materials. SVM in combination with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) successfully classified 100% of the samples, according to the type of wine used for their production. The RF method allowed selecting the most important variables to develop the characteristic fingerprint (“spectralprint”) of the vinegar samples according to their starting wine. Furthermore, the RF model reached 100% accuracy for both LOOCV and out-of-bag (OOB) sets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document