scholarly journals The Problem of Memory Preservation and Identity Formation (on the Example of the Great Patriotic War Memory)

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
S.N. Pogodin ◽  
Z.Z. Bakhturidze
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Civic Consciousness ◽  
War Memory ◽  
Soviet People ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Memory ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Educational Task ◽  
The Individual

Significant events of the past have always been the most important aspects in the structuring of national memory. Obviously, they also become key elements in the formation of identity. Therefore, the use of various falsifications, distortions of history, and manipulations in this area seems to be quite logical in the framework of the ongoing information war. The devaluation and depersonalization of the Great Patriotic War memory, of the irreplaceable losses and sacrifices of the Soviet people, of exploits in the name of the Motherland and in the name of victory over fascism have crushing power, destroy the integration potential of the Soviet past, have a destructive effect on the formation of an identity that should be associated with the correct interpretation of the heroic role of the Soviet people. Pride in the past of one's country contributes to the formation of civic consciousness and a positive awareness of one's belonging. The roots of this perception are in the stories of eyewitnesses of those events, which are becoming less and less every year, in the process of socialization, in school history textbooks. In conditions of freedom of choice, with an ever-increasing virtual component of life, in which there are opportunities for the individual to immerse themselves in the format of a completely different socio-cultural space, with a different system of values and meanings, the global elite imposes new standards and determines the field of choice for modern youth. At the same time, our educational task is the preservation and reproduction of memory for future generations.

Understanding School Leadership and Management Development in England

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Simkins
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Management Development ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Leader Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Programme

This article explores the ways in which leadership and management development (LMD) in England has been researched and analysed over the past 40 years. The article is in two parts. The first analyses the ways in which patterns of provision have evolved in response to changing conceptions of how the school system should be organized and how, consequently, the roles of those responsible for administering, managing and leading it should be constructed. This analysis shows how patterns of LMD provision have changed, with a slow but consistent movement from relatively limited and fragmented provision to one of the most centralized forms in the world. The second part broadens out the analysis, using as a framework three ‘perspectives’: the functionalist, the constructivist and the critical. It explores the literature on LMD, identifying areas of consensus or conflict, and suggesting where more work needs to be done. This includes more work from a variety of constructivist perspectives, especially on leader identity formation; more critical analysis of the content and processes of LMD; and more work on the ways in which power is distributed and used in LMD, especially at the ‘meso' level between the individual programme or activity and national policy.

Memorial Narratives of WWII Partisans and Genocide in Belarus

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Goujon
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
National Memory ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Soviet Time ◽  
Contemporary Development ◽  
Soviet Historiography

The memory of WWII always played an important role in Belarus, which was characterized as a “Partisan Republic” during the Soviet time. Soviet historiography and memorial narrative emphasized the heroics of the resistance to fascism and allowed only a description of the crimes of the Nazis. New ways of looking at war events appeared during the perestroika and after the independence of the country. But after Alexander Lukashenko came to power as president in 1994, a neo-Soviet version of the past was adopted and spread. The Great Patriotic War (GPW) has become an increasingly publicized event in the official memorial narrative as the culminating moment in Belarusian history. Since the mid-2000s, this narrative tends to be nationalized in order to testify that the Belarusian people’s suffering and resistance behavior were among the highest ones during WWII. Political and academic dissenting voices to the Belarusian authoritarian regime try to downplay this official narrative by pointing out that the Belarusians were also victims of the Stalinist repression, and their attitude towards the Nazi occupation was more than ambivalent. Behind the memorial discourses, two competitive versions of Belarusian national identity can be distinguished. According to the official version, Belarusian identity is based on the East-Slavic identity that incorporates the Soviet history in its contemporary development. According to the opposition, it is based on a national memory that discards the Soviet past as a positive one.

scholarly journals Yevhen Malaniuk as a founder of the Ukrainian literary myth of the XX century

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Olha Slon'ovska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Civic Consciousness ◽  
National Anthem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Political Myth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Literary Myth

Myths are regarded as the metaphysical engines of the national progress, a specific code-program for the state development, as a vector of the individual mission of an individual nation. In general, the ideological and political myths of national states are metaphorically derived primarily from their national anthems. The anthem is a kind of vaccine against assimilation and is effectively delivered to educate the younger generation in the spirit of civic consciousness. Decadent (frustration) myths destroy the national idea, vitaistic and consolidating myths inspire, compact and unite any nation. The National Anthem, as the primary literary formulation of the national idea, gives impetus to the constant creation by the writers of the myth of the state and the nation as a specific phenomenon at the artistic level. The literary myths of stateless peoples are always preceded by the emergence of their own ideological and political myths as well. Among the most talented passionaries of every «incomplete» nation, there must be a talented philosopher or politician who will be able to verbally formulate the idea of a new ideological-political myth, which will be based on a national idea. Similarly, in the nineteenth century the ideological-political myth for Ukrainians was «Law of God (Book of Being of the Ukrainian People)» by M. Kostomarov. It is natural that this philosophical and propaganda work had a great influence on Kobzar and led to the creation of the literary myth of Ukraine by our national poet-genius, T. Shevchenko. The beginning of the twentieth century for the Ukrainians was marked by the tragic fall of the young state of the UNR. The nation had to start all over again in order to endure. There was a need for a new ideological and political myth of Ukraine of the twentieth century. It was created by Ye. Malaniuk with his own essays about the most talented Ukrainian politicians, including B. Khmelnitskyi and I. Mazepa, as well as M. Hrushevskyi and S. Petliura. In his essays on the past of Ukraine Ye. Malaniuk not only wrote about biographies of bright historical figures, but above all analyzed Ukrainian national victories and tragedies, logically argued mistakes and losses of our nation’s leaders, considered the issues of «his» and «alien», determined a peculiar «doctrine», submitted in a wide typre of «enemy face» of the Ukrainian statehood. Ye. Malaniuk also analyzed the positive and negative features of the Ukrainian mentality, aptly raised the question of passion, foresighted the stages of becoming the future of Ukraine as a sovereign nation-state at the end of the twentieth century. On the basis of his own ideological and political myth, the poet started to create the literary consolidating myth of Ukraine. His initiative was taken by contemporaries of the artist – the most talented writers-modernists of the Ukrainian diaspora of the twentieth century. The concept of the literary myth of Ukraine has been considered by the researcher Olha Slon’ovska; the significant role played by Ye. Malaniuk as a poet and essay writer in creating the literary myth has been revealed.

scholarly journals CHUVASH DRAMA ABOUT THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-607
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Kirillova
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Soviet People ◽  
Moral Content ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Moral Choices ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Modern War

This article is devoted to the analysis of Chuvash plays dedicated to the Great Patriotic War; reveals the peculiarities of their poetics and problems, shows conflict situations that reveal heroic characters. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the plays by N. Aizman, N. Terentyev, M. Yuhma, A. Vasiliev, M. Belov, N. Sidorov, and others. They are united by the themes of courage, heroism, the feat of Soviet people on the battlefield and in the rear. Whereas in the early decades dramatists focused their attention directly on combat events, modern war plays are filled with deep moral content, their plots are distinguished by the sharpness of moral choices, revealing the moral and ethical aspects of the individual.

scholarly journals Archive as a Depository of Shared Memories, History and Identity

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 173-196
Author(s):  
Viktorija Kudra Beroš ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Institutional Identity ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Memory ◽  
State Archives

Given their role in the preservation and protection of an authentic and credible trace of the past (documents) and, consequently, national identity, archives are considered places of choice for interpreting and representing shared memory and the past. Emphasising authenticity and credibility frames archives as seemingly neutral institutions in terms of politics and ideology. However, the trace that provides an insight into the “truth and knowledge” of our (individual and collective) past “that makes us what we are” needs to be questioned. Since the archiving procedure is based on the processes of inclusion and exclusion in all segments of everyday interpretation of material, the archive is a political and ideological institution that takes its place in the order of political power. This paper discusses the role of the archive as a place of preservation of “shared past and history” as an important part of national identity through the prism of institutional apparatuses or forms of knowledge/power (example of architecture) and technologies or manners of articulating and practising knowledge/power (example of everyday practice). The paper points to the role of archives in the (re)interpretation and (re)vision of shared memories, collective history and national identity on the examples of the Croatian State Archives and Archives of Yugoslavia, in the context of changes in the symbolic and political order (SFRY/Croatia). By constructing national memory and narratives of nationality through narratives of history and memory, and by constructing “truth” (knowledge) through exclusion and inclusion, archives (just like museums and libraries) have a role to play in “imagining” the community–nation. Or, according to the theory of performative identity (Foritier 2000), everyday practice that takes place in archives is an institutional identity practice that contributes to the unification and homogenisation of the community through a policy of interpretation by performing and producing (performative) memory (collective identity formation).

Heroic National Memory: The Story of a Participant in the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Юрий Алексеевич Азаров
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Military Service ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
National Memory ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Ideological Attitudes

В статье, приуроченной к празднованию 75-летия окончания Великой Отечественной войны, рассматривается народное отношение к войне за свободу своего отечества, которое, наряду с людскими ресурсами, качеством вооружения, стратегическим и тактическим руководством, стало одним из истоков Победы. Такое отношение к войне унаследовано из прошлого и связано с представлением о героическом - важнейшей категории традиционной культуры, составляющей доминирующее смысловое и эмоциональное начало высоких жанров. В эпопее, традиционном народном эпосе описываются и превозносятся поступки, свидетельствующие о бесстрашии героев, способности преодолеть инстинкт самосохранения, пожертвовать собой ради общего блага, мужественно встретить смерть. Сформировавшаяся за более чем три десятилетия традиция ветеранского рассказа порождает свои оригинальные тексты, распространяющиеся как в устной (аудиовизуальной записи), так и в письменной форме, причем оба канала передачи в данном случае тесно переплетаются и становятся равноправными коммуникативными типами. Одна из их главных особенностей состоит в том, что эпическая героизация прошлого в ряде случаев сочетается со стремлением открыть новую правду о войне, преодолением шаблонного восприятия ее событий, которое было обусловлено цензурными ограничениями и идеологическими императивами советской эпохи. Многие из обозначенных признаков характерны и для сохранившегося в семейном архиве рассказа Героя Советского Союза А. Н. Азарова, который охватывает значительный отрезок исторического времени: начиная с его призыва на действительную военную службу в1940 г. и заканчивая операцией по взятию Берлина в составе 6-го танкового корпуса. This article, dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the end of the Great Patriotic War, examines the people’s attitude toward the war, which, along with human resources, the quality of weaponry, strategic and tactical leadership, became one of the sources of the victory. Their attitude to wars of liberation was inherited from the past and is associated with the idea of the heroic - a most important category of traditional culture, which is the dominant semantic and emotional core of high genres. The traditional folk epic, for example, describes and extols actions that demonstrate the fearlessness of heroes, their ability to overcome the instinct of self-preservation and sacrifice themselves for the common good. The tradition of stories by veterans that have been collected over more than the last three decades generates its own original texts in both oral (audio-visual recording) and written form; both channels of transmission are closely intertwined and equally important. One of their main features is that the epic heroization of the past in some cases combines with the desire to reveal new truth about the war, to overcome its stereotypical perception due to Soviet censorship and ideological attitudes. These features are also characteristic of the story told by Hero of the Soviet Union A. N. Azarov that has been preserved in his family’s archive. It covers a significant period of history, from his conscription for active military service in 1940 to his participation in the operation to capture Berlin as part of the 6th tank corps.

Metonymy in Dance: Ballet Bunheads Take a Cognitive Turn

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-34
Author(s):  
Edward C. Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Artistic Development ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Level I ◽  
Dance Educators ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

This essay considers metonymy in dance from the perspective of cognitive science. My goal is to unpack the roles of metaphor and metonymy in dance thought and action: how do they arise, how are they understood, how are they to be explained, and in what ways do they determine a person's doing of dance? The premise of this essay is that language matters at the cultural level and can be determinative at the individual level. I contend that some figures of speech, especially metonymic labels like ‘bunhead’, can not only discourage but dehumanize young dancers, treating them not as subjects who dance but as objects to be danced. The use of metonymy to sort young dancers may undermine the development of healthy self-image, impede strong identity formation, and retard creative-artistic development. The paper concludes with a discussion of the influence of metonymy in dance and implications for dance educators.

CULTURE OF THE RUSSIAN WORLD - A SPIRITUAL SLOGAN FACTOR OF VICTORY IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR KSENOFONTOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Soviet People ◽  
The People ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Art Activities ◽  
Artistic Images ◽  
Great Victory

The article reveals the essence and specificity of culture as an important component of the spiritual factor of victory. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of fiction. The article substantiates the moral and aesthetic impact on the consciousness of defenders of the Motherland, such works of art as“They fought for the Motherland”,“Leningrad poem”,“Russian character”,“Invasion”, etc. The article describes the significant role of theatrical art, which reveals the moral values of the people and Soviet soldiers. This is reflected in such plays as: “the Front”; “the Guy from our city”; “Once upon a time”, etc. The article substantiates the important role of the spiritual influence of cinema on Soviet people. This influence was realized through artistic images of selfless service to the Motherland, loyalty to military duty. Among these films: “Two fighters”, “Wait for me”, “Front-line friends”. During the war, as the article emphasizes, an important component of the spiritual factor of victory was the musical art. Activities in this area of culture famous musicians:B. Astafiev, S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, A. Alexandrov, V. Soloviev-Sedoy, and others, was implemented in operas, symphonies, cantatas and songs, which by their nature emotional expression differed Patriotic and epic strength. The purpose of the research : to reveal the axiological components, culture of the Russian world, as important components, spiritual factor during the great Patriotic war. Conclusions : the culture of the Russian world at various stages of the great Patriotic War, through a variety of means and forms, actively mobilized all Soviet people to defend the Motherland and defeat Nazi Germany. The spiritual culture of our country and its types, in the course of functioning, during the war, clearly and expressively revealed the idea of patriotism, courage, bravery and heroism, and encouraged the Soviet people, the soldiers of the red Army, to achieve a great Victory.

THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN ENSURING THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Ahmedov ◽  
Yuliya Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Soviet People ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Principle Of Legality

In 2020, the 75th anniversary of the Victory of the soviet people is celebrated over fascism. An important role in achieving this result in the conditions law enforcement officers also provided wartime assistance. The main purpose of their professional activities was to ensure the implementation of principles of legality.

POLITICAL IDEOLOGY AS AN EVOLUTIONARY SYSTEM (TO THE THEORY OF COGNITIVE-IDEOLOGICAL MATRICES)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Konstantinov
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Evolutionary System ◽  
Consciousness Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Morphological Approach ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sociological Studies

The aim of the article is to concretize the concept of political ideology in the aspect of its matrix structure and in the context of the cognitive-evolutionary approach. Based on Michael Frieden's morphological approach to the analysis of ideological consciousness, the concept of cognitive-ideological matrices is introduced, which allows us to describe the process of transition from proto-ideological to ideological concepts proper, especially at the level of individual consciousness. The identification of the ideological concept as the main “gene” of conceptual variability and inheritance made it possible to describe the main parameters of the evolution of political ideologies and associate it with changes taking place at the individual consciousness level. The described concept was tested in a series of sociological studies of youth consciousness conducted in 2015-2016 and 2018-2020. As a result of the study, it was possible to first identify the “zero level” of ideology, at which the minds of young respondents are potentially open to the influence of diverse and often mutually exclusive ideological orientations, and second, to pinpoint the changes that have occurred in the cognitive ideological matrices of Rostov-on-Don students over the past five years. This study was conducted by scientists from the southern Federal University.

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