scholarly journals The Use of Enrofloxacin Antibiotic as a Veterinary Drug and Its Residual Hazards on Public Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Prima Mei Widiyanti ◽  
Mirnawati Bachrum Sudarwanto ◽  
Etih Sudarnika ◽  
Raphaella Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
The Family ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Food Needs

The livestock sector can improve the community's economy and has a role in fulfilling food needs, especially animal protein. One of the problems in the livestock sector is the presence of infectious diseases that consequently need treatment using veterinary drugs. This paper describes the use of enrofloxacin antibiotics as veterinary drug and their residual hazards on public health. Enrofloxacin is an antibiotic from the family of fluoroquinolones (second generation of quinolone). Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective to kill Gram positive and negative bacteria, so it was used for the treatment of various diseases in animals. Pharmacokinetically, enrofloxacin will be metabolized into ciprofloxacin and other metabolites. The improper use of enrofloxacin antibiotics caused residues in food products of animal origin, microbial resistance and toxicity, therefore the use of enrofloxacin needs to be monitored and evaluated for the sake of animal health and society.

scholarly journals Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Strategies and Nucleoside Analogues

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Robert J. Geraghty ◽  
Matthew T. Aliota ◽  
Laurent F. Bonnac
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Nucleoside Analogues ◽  
The Family ◽  
Antiviral Nucleoside

The emergence or re-emergence of viruses with epidemic and/or pandemic potential, such as Ebola, Zika, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1 and 2 (SARS and SARS-CoV-2) viruses, or new strains of influenza represents significant human health threats due to the absence of available treatments. Vaccines represent a key answer to control these viruses. However, in the case of a public health emergency, vaccine development, safety, and partial efficacy concerns may hinder their prompt deployment. Thus, developing broad-spectrum antiviral molecules for a fast response is essential to face an outbreak crisis as well as for bioweapon countermeasures. So far, broad-spectrum antivirals include two main categories: the family of drugs targeting the host-cell machinery essential for virus infection and replication, and the family of drugs directly targeting viruses. Among the molecules directly targeting viruses, nucleoside analogues form an essential class of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. In this review, we will discuss the interest for broad-spectrum antiviral strategies and their limitations, with an emphasis on virus-targeted, broad-spectrum, antiviral nucleoside analogues and their mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Broad-spectrum β-lactamases amongEnterobacteriaceaeof animal origin: molecular aspects, mobility and impact on public health

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemieke Smet ◽  
An Martel ◽  
Davy Persoons ◽  
Jeroen Dewulf ◽  
Marc Heyndrickx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Molecular Aspects

scholarly journals Penyebaran Penyakit Brucellosis di Wilayah Koasistensi Administrasi Dinas dan Kesmavet

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Roza Azizah Primatika ◽  
Bambang Sumiarto ◽  
Widagdo Sri Nugroho ◽  
Dyah Ayu Widiasih ◽  
Yatri Drastini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Veterinary Public Health ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Bacterial Infectious Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Transmission Of Disease

Brucellosis is a Brucella bacterial infectious disease that is spread from animals to humans, generally through consumption of milk, especially unpasteurized milk, or other dairy products. Veterinary public health has an important role in preventing transmission of disease to humans through both animals and foodstuffs of animal origin or other animal origin ingredients. Brucellosis is one of the problems often faced by the Animal Husbandry Department, especially at the Animal Health Unit. Handling and controlling about Brucellosis is very vital to maintain animal health and reduce the level of economic losses of farmers due to Brucellosis experienced by livestock owned. This study aims to determine the spread of Brucellosis disease by mapping in the Administrative and Service Coordination areas, to know the handling and control actions carried out by the Animal Husbandry Service throughout the implementation of the Administrative Coordination Office and Veterinary Public Health. The results of the mapping of the spread of Brucellosis in the District of Veterinary Public Health and Public Service Administration Coordination can be divided into 3 groups with the number of cases <10, 10 - 66, and> 66. The number of cases between the range of 10 - 66 there are 3 regions, while the number of cases> 66 there are 2 regions.            Keywords : Brucellosis; Mapping; Handling and Control; Descriptive Statistics

scholarly journals A Review on Veterinary Drug Management, Handling, Utilization and Its Resistance Side Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengesha A ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Veterinary drugs play an important role in the control and prevention of animal diseases and animal sufferings, however it have the potential to cause harm if it is not used properly. Successful animal health service provision needs the availability of safe, effective and affordable drugs of the required quality and quantity. The available drugs must be prescribed, presented, transported, dispensed, labeled, packaged, measured and used rationally. Rational use of drugs in veterinary medicine has manifold significance; it can be either public health significance, improve food safety concern, reduce the development of drug resistance and residue or economic significance; the need to rely on more expensive drugs and international trade barrier. The potential public health hazard as a result of irrational drug use in food animals includes limited efficacy, increase risk of unwanted effects such as the emergence of drug resistance and drug residue, waste of resources and psychosocial impacts. Irrational drug using is characterized by over-prescription, inappropriate dosage, incorrect duration and unnecessary risk. There are several reasons which may contribute to irrational use of drugs. Some of them are lack of information, inadequate training and education of graduates of veterinary medicine, poor communication between veterinarian and owner, lack of diagnostic facilities, demand from the animal owner, and promotional activities of pharmaceutical industries. This paper had induced to document and aware procedures and necessary activities to have rational drug use, and it would helps to have proper drug measurement and dose calculation as well as it tell us about 0drug resistance and its public health effects. Over all This review hoped that as it would be help to animal health professionals and enhance the quality of veterinary pharmaceutical services so that decrease the economic loss and public health hazard due to diseases of livestock and protects the impacts of drug resistance and its residue.

Recent Advances in Treatment of Childhood Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1072-1078
Author(s):  
Walter Milano ◽  
Paola Ambrosio ◽  
Francesca Carizzone ◽  
Walter Di Munzio ◽  
Valeria De Biasio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Family Context ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
The Family

: Childhood obesity has assumed epidemic proportions and is currently one of the most widespread public health problems. Many are the factors involved in the pathogenesis of excess weight with interactions between genetic, environmental and biological factors and therefore, also the therapeutic approach must be multidisciplinary and multidimensional. In this review of the literature, we report the contiguity of childhood obesity with eating disorders and the importance of involving the family context in order to induce stable lifestyle changes, both in relation to dietary and nutritional habits, but also in increasing physical activity. Finally, among the therapeutic options, although for selected cases, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery can be used as treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Trends in Antibiotic Prescribing in Out-of-Hours Primary Care in England from January 2016 to June 2020 to Understand Behaviours during the First Wave of COVID-19

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Nina J. Zhu ◽  
Monsey McLeod ◽  
Cliodna A. M. McNulty ◽  
Donna M. Lecky ◽  
Alison H. Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Out Of Hours ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotics ◽  
National Quality ◽  
General Practices

We describe the trend of antibiotic prescribing in out-of-hours (OOH) general practices (GP) before and during England’s first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analysed practice-level prescribing records between January 2016 to June 2020 to report the trends for the total prescribing volume, prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics and key agents included in the national Quality Premium. We performed a time-series analysis to detect measurable changes in the prescribing volume associated with COVID-19. Before COVID-19, the total prescribing volume and the percentage of broad-spectrum antibiotics continued to decrease in-hours (IH). The prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics was higher in OOH (OOH: 10.1%, IH: 8.7%), but a consistent decrease in the trimethoprim-to-nitrofurantoin ratio was observed OOH. The OOH antibiotic prescribing volume diverged from the historical trend in March 2020 and started to decrease by 5088 items per month. Broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing started to increase in OOH and IH. In OOH, co-amoxiclav and doxycycline peaked in March to May in 2020, which was out of sync with seasonality peaks (Winter) in previous years. While this increase might be explained by the implementation of the national guideline to use co-amoxiclav and doxycycline to manage pneumonia in the community during COVID-19, further investigation is required to see whether the observed reduction in OOH antibiotic prescribing persists and how this reduction might influence antimicrobial resistance and patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Regimen Affects Survival in Patients Receiving Nivolumab for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Min Jung Geum ◽  
Chungsoo Kim ◽  
Ji Eun Kang ◽  
Jae Hee Choi ◽  
Jae Song Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Daily Dose

Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis may affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. We investigated the impact of antibiotics on the clinical outcomes of nivolumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients who received nivolumab for NSCLC between July 2015 and June 2018 and who were followed up until June 2020 were included in a retrospective cohort analysis. Of 140 eligible patients, 70 were on antibiotics. Overall survival (OS) was shorter in patients on antibiotics (ABX) compared to those not on antibiotics (NoABX) (p = 0.014). OS was negatively associated with piperacillin/tazobactam (PTZ) (HR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.77–6.18), days of therapy (DOT) ≥ 2 weeks (HR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.30–5.22) and DOT of PTZ. The defined daily dose (DDD) in PTZ (r = 0.27) and glycopeptides (r = 0.21) showed weak correlations with mortality. There was no difference in progression-free survival (PFS) between ABX and NoABX; however, PFS was negatively associated with the antibiotic class PTZ and DOT of PTZ. Therefore, the use of a broad-spectrum antibiotic, such as PTZ, the long-term use of antibiotics more than 2 weeks in total and the large amount of defined daily dose of specific antibiotics were associated with decreased survival in patients receiving nivolumab for NSCLC.

scholarly journals Agro-Environmental Determinants of Leptospirosis: A Retrospective Spatiotemporal Analysis (2004−2014) in Mahasarakham Province (Thailand)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Jaruwan Viroj ◽  
Julien Claude ◽  
Claire Lajaunie ◽  
Julien Cappelle ◽  
Anamika Kritiyakan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additive Modeling ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Leptospirosis has been recognized as a major public health concern in Thailand following dramatic outbreaks. We analyzed human leptospirosis incidence between 2004 and 2014 in Mahasarakham province, Northeastern Thailand, in order to identify the agronomical and environmental factors likely to explain incidence at the level of 133 sub-districts and 1,982 villages of the province. We performed general additive modeling (GAM) in order to take the spatial-temporal epidemiological dynamics into account. The results of GAM analyses showed that the average slope, population size, pig density, cow density and flood cover were significantly associated with leptospirosis occurrence in a district. Our results stress the importance of livestock favoring leptospirosis transmission to humans and suggest that prevention and control of leptospirosis need strong intersectoral collaboration between the public health, the livestock department and local communities. More specifically, such collaboration should integrate leptospirosis surveillance in both public and animal health for a better control of diseases in livestock while promoting public health prevention as encouraged by the One Health approach.

A proposal to leverage high-quality veterinary diagnostic laboratory large data streams for animal health, public health, and One Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110030
Author(s):  
Craig N. Carter ◽  
Jacqueline L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Streams ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory

Test data generated by ~60 accredited member laboratories of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) is of exceptional quality. These data are captured by 1 of 13 laboratory information management systems (LIMSs) developed specifically for veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs). Beginning ~2000, the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) developed an electronic messaging system for LIMS to automatically send standardized data streams for 14 select agents to a national repository. This messaging enables the U.S. Department of Agriculture to track and respond to high-consequence animal disease outbreaks such as highly pathogenic avian influenza. Because of the lack of standardized data collection in the LIMSs used at VDLs, there is, to date, no means of summarizing VDL large data streams for multi-state and national animal health studies or for providing near-real-time tracking for hundreds of other important animal diseases in the United States that are detected routinely by VDLs. Further, VDLs are the only state and federal resources that can provide early detection and identification of endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are estimated to be responsible for 2.5 billion cases of human illness and 2.7 million deaths worldwide every year. The economic and health impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is self-evident. We review here the history and progress of data management in VDLs and discuss ways of seizing unexplored opportunities to advance data leveraging to better serve animal health, public health, and One Health.

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