scholarly journals Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Strategies and Nucleoside Analogues

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Robert J. Geraghty ◽  
Matthew T. Aliota ◽  
Laurent F. Bonnac
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Nucleoside Analogues ◽  
The Family ◽  
Antiviral Nucleoside

The emergence or re-emergence of viruses with epidemic and/or pandemic potential, such as Ebola, Zika, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1 and 2 (SARS and SARS-CoV-2) viruses, or new strains of influenza represents significant human health threats due to the absence of available treatments. Vaccines represent a key answer to control these viruses. However, in the case of a public health emergency, vaccine development, safety, and partial efficacy concerns may hinder their prompt deployment. Thus, developing broad-spectrum antiviral molecules for a fast response is essential to face an outbreak crisis as well as for bioweapon countermeasures. So far, broad-spectrum antivirals include two main categories: the family of drugs targeting the host-cell machinery essential for virus infection and replication, and the family of drugs directly targeting viruses. Among the molecules directly targeting viruses, nucleoside analogues form an essential class of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. In this review, we will discuss the interest for broad-spectrum antiviral strategies and their limitations, with an emphasis on virus-targeted, broad-spectrum, antiviral nucleoside analogues and their mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals The Use of Enrofloxacin Antibiotic as a Veterinary Drug and Its Residual Hazards on Public Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Prima Mei Widiyanti ◽  
Mirnawati Bachrum Sudarwanto ◽  
Etih Sudarnika ◽  
Raphaella Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
The Family ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Food Needs

The livestock sector can improve the community's economy and has a role in fulfilling food needs, especially animal protein. One of the problems in the livestock sector is the presence of infectious diseases that consequently need treatment using veterinary drugs. This paper describes the use of enrofloxacin antibiotics as veterinary drug and their residual hazards on public health. Enrofloxacin is an antibiotic from the family of fluoroquinolones (second generation of quinolone). Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective to kill Gram positive and negative bacteria, so it was used for the treatment of various diseases in animals. Pharmacokinetically, enrofloxacin will be metabolized into ciprofloxacin and other metabolites. The improper use of enrofloxacin antibiotics caused residues in food products of animal origin, microbial resistance and toxicity, therefore the use of enrofloxacin needs to be monitored and evaluated for the sake of animal health and society.

COVID 19 and its management

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Subhashis Debnath ◽  
Runa Chakravorty ◽  
Donita Devi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, a novel coronavirus, initiated an outbreak of pneumonia from Wuhan in China, which rapidly spread worldwide. The outbreak was declared as “a public health emergency of international concern” by the WHO on January 30, 2020, and as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The disease is transmitted by inhalation or contact with infected droplets and the incubation period ranges from 2 to 14 d. The symptoms are usually fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, malaise among others. The disease is mild in most people; in some (usually the elderly and those with comorbidities), it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi organ dysfunction. Many people are asymptomatic. The virus spreads faster than its two ancestors the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality.

Qua pote quisque, in ea conterat arte diem: COVID-19 and Australian and New Zealand intensive care

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-104
Author(s):  
Andrew Udy ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Health Care Practice

The current global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has thrust intensive care medicine to the forefront of health care practice in Australia and New Zealand. Indeed, reports from other countries and jurisdictions convey highly confronting statistics about the scale of this public health emergency, particularly in terms of the demand on intensive care unit (ICU)services. Whether this occurs here remains to be seen, although if such a scenario does eventuate, it will represent an unprecedented challenge to our community. In parallel, these events offer the opportunity for greater coordination, improved communication, and innovation in clinical care, which are principles that in many ways define our specialty.

scholarly journals Is hydroxychloroquine beneficial for COVID-19 patients?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Patrizia Agostinis ◽  
Arnold Rabson ◽  
Gerry Melino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Effective Drugs

Abstract The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in December 2019. As similar cases rapidly emerged around the world1–3, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020 and pronounced the rapidly spreading coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic on March 11, 20204. The virus has reached almost all countries of the globe. As of June 3, 2020, the accumulated confirmed cases reached 6,479,405 with more than 383,013 deaths worldwide. The urgent and emergency care of COVID-19 patients calls for effective drugs, in addition to the beneficial effects of remdesivir5, to control the disease and halt the pandemic.

scholarly journals Is there an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on male fertility? The ACE2 connection

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (6) ◽  
pp. E878-E880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny S. Younis ◽  
Zaid Abassi ◽  
Karl Skorecki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Main Host

The viral pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), generated by a novel mutated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has become a serious worldwide public health emergency, evolving exponentially. While the main organ targeted in this disease is the lungs, other vital organs, such as the heart and kidney, may be implicated. The main host receptor of the SARS-CoV-2 is angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a major component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The ACE2 is also involved in testicular male regulation of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. As the SARS-CoV-2 may have the potential to infect the testis via ACE2 and adversely affect male reproductive system, it is essential to commence with targeted studies to learn from the current pandemic, with the possibility of preemptive intervention, depending on the findings and time course of the continuing pandemic.

scholarly journals Nanobiosensors for the Detection of Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV and Other Pandemic/Epidemic Respiratory Viruses: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6591
Author(s):  
Badriyah Alhalaili ◽  
Ileana Nicoleta Popescu ◽  
Olfa Kamoun ◽  
Feras Alzubi ◽  
Sami Alawadhia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Made In

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is considered a public health emergency of international concern. The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused this pandemic has spread rapidly to over 200 countries, and has drastically affected public health and the economies of states at unprecedented levels. In this context, efforts around the world are focusing on solving this problem in several directions of research, by: (i) exploring the origin and evolution of the phylogeny of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome; (ii) developing nanobiosensors that could be highly effective in detecting the new coronavirus; (iii) finding effective treatments for COVID-19; and (iv) working on vaccine development. In this paper, an overview of the progress made in the development of nanobiosensors for the detection of human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is presented, along with specific techniques for modifying the surface of nanobiosensors. The newest detection methods of the influenza virus responsible for acute respiratory syndrome were compared with conventional methods, highlighting the newest trends in diagnostics, applications, and challenges of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 causative virus) nanobiosensors.

scholarly journals Combined Homeopathy and Allopathy Treatment for COVID-19: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. S38-S45
Author(s):  
Md Irfanul Haque ◽  
Aqib Adnan Shafin ◽  
Md Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Health Organization

At the end of 2019, an outburst of a novel virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was observed in Wuhan, China. World Health Organization proclaimed this upsurge as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30th January 2020. In this article, epidemiology, the causative agent, pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and its treatment approaches like homeopathy and allopathy are reviewed. However, our main focus was to collect and visualize some data which bring evidence that combined homeopathy and allopathy treatment can help to cure COVID-19. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, October 2020;7(suppl_2):S38-S45

scholarly journals Use of hydroxychloroquine for novel corona virus infection in India: is it ethically justifiable?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2426
Author(s):  
Ramesh Verma ◽  
Vinod Chayal ◽  
Meenakshi Kalhan ◽  
Rohit Dhaka ◽  
Ginni Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Family ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Corona Viruses

Coronavirus disease is caused by a novel virus belonging to the family of corona viruses similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and  name given to the novel virus as SARS Coronavirus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease was named as COVID-19 on 11th February 2020 by World Health Organization (WHO). First case of this infection was reported in December 2019 in Wuhan city of China and after that it spread globally.3 On 30th January 2020, WHO declared this disease as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) and on 11th March 2020, WHO declared it as a pandemic when the infection was reported from all six WHO regions.

scholarly journals CoVID-19: a Digestive Disease!

2020 ◽  
pp. 714-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younes Cherradi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Digestive Disease ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Digestive Endoscopy ◽  
First Case ◽  
Multiple Levels

CoVID-19 is a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Since the first case has been reported in Wuhan in China, evidence of associated severe acute respiratory syndrome is well established and the disease is accepted as a primarily respiratory infection. However, current available data are supporting a gastrointestinal tropism with great implications at multiple levels in the course of this disease. The gastrointestinal tract appears in the heart of the strategy for management of infected patients from diagnosis to post-recovery isolation policies. This review highlights the digestive aspects of CoVID-19. Keywords: ACE2, CoVID-19, Digestive, Endoscopy, Fecal transmission, Liver, Prognosis

Clinical Assessment and Management of Covid-19 Patients using Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Phalnikar ◽  
Subhal Dixit ◽  
Harsha Talele
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Corona Virus

The COVID-19 infection caused by Novel Corona Virus has been declared a pandemic and a public health emergency of international concern. Infections caused by Corona Virus have been previously recognized in people and is known to cause Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Unlike the earlier infections, COVID19 spreads alarmingly and the experience and volume of the scientific knowledge on the virus is small and lacks substantiation. To manage this crisis, Artificial intelligence (AI) promises to play a key role in understanding and addressing the COVID-19 crisis. It tends to be valuable to identify the infection, analyse it, treat it and also predict the stages of infection. Artificial intelligence algorithms can be applied to make diagnosis of COVID-19 and stepping up research and therapy. The paper explains a detailed flowchart of COVID-19 patient and discusses the use of AI at various stages. The preliminary contribution of the paper is in identifying the stages where the use of Artificial Intelligence and its allied fields can help in managing COVID-19 patient and paves a road for systematic research in future.

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