Evaluation of Rhizobia strains UFLA 02 100 and CIAT 899 in line LEP 02 11 of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

The growing quest for sustainability in agricultural production systems has been pushing researchers to develop new technologies under different soil and climatic conditions. Based on this, and knowing the socioeconomic importance of the bean, the use of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is explored. Thus, the quest for quantitative knowledge of BNF at the phenological stages in a new bean line using promising and commercial strains becomes necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate the strains UFLA 02 100 and CIAT 899 in the different phenological stages of the LEP 02 11 common bean strain using the biological nitrogen fixation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse on the Maringá-PR campus of the State University of Maringá. The design was a randomized complete block design in a 6x4 factorial scheme with four replications. The factor A comprised six nitrogen sources: Control, strain UFLA 02 100, strain CIAT 899, Nitrogen 60 kg ha-1, strain UFLA 02 100 + Nitrogen 30 kg ha-1, strain CIAT 899 + Nitrogen 30 kg ha-1 and the B factor is the phenological stages V4, R5, R6 and R8. The analyzed variables were: dry mass of nodules (DMN, grams/plant), dry mass of shoot (DMS, grams/plant), nitrogen content in shoot (NCS, %) and accumulation of nitrogen in shoot (ANS, grams/plant). For the statistical analysis of the data, the means test was used for the variables in the stages. The CIAT 899 strain statistically outperformed UFLA 02 100 for most variables and it was found that nitrogen fertilization negatively affected nodulation.

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Correlations and Path Analysis in Segregating Cowpea Generations Regarding Biological Nitrogen Fixation

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v14n2p79 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Ismael Gaião da Costa ◽

José Wilson da SiIva ◽

Gheysa Coelho Silva ◽

Mario de Andrade Lira Junior ◽

Cybelle Souza de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Block Design ◽

Great Influence ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Phenotypic Correlations ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Biological Nitrogen

The objective of this research was to evaluate the correlations between variables related to the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in segregating generations of cowpea and to unfold these correlations in direct and indirect effects, through path analysis. An outdoor bench experiment was conducted at Carpina Experimental Sugarcane Station of, located at the Zona da Mata region of the State of the Pernambuco, Northeast of Brazil (Federal Rural University of Pernambuco), between March and April 2016. The seeds were planted in 20 cm × 30 cm polyethylene bags, using a substrate composed of a mixture of vermiculite and sand washed in a ratio of 1:1. Bradyrhizobium references, recommended for culture, were used as a mixture of two strains. Parental and F2, F3 and F4 generations were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replicates. Data collection was performed 45 days after the emergency (DAE). Phenotypic correlations and path analysis of the number of nodules per plant (NN), nodules dry mass (NDM), dry roots mass (DRM), dry mass of aerial part (DMAP), nodulation efficiency (NODE) and nitrogen accumulated in the aerial part (NAAP). The phenotypic correlations between the variables related to the BNF showed high magnitudes, demonstrating that there is a great influence of each of the variables on the others, furthermore the path analysis of the coefficients indicated that all the primary components (NN, NDM, DRM, DMAP and NODE) must be considered when it is desired to increase the NAAP in segregating generations of cowpea.

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Multivariate analysis and determination of the best indirect selection criteria to genetic improvement the biological nitrogen fixation ability in common bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1202279g ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 279-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Reza Golparvar

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Common Bean ◽

Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Selection Criteria ◽

Block Design ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Shoot Number ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Biological Nitrogen

In order to determine the best indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of biological nitrogen fixation, sixty four common bean genotypes were cultivated in two randomized complete block design. Genotypes were inoculated with bacteria Rhizobium legominosarum biovar Phaseoli isolate L-109 only in one of the experiments. The second experiment was considered as check for the first. Correlation analysis showed positive and highly significant correlation of majority of the traits with percent of nitrogen fixation. Step-wise regression designated that traits percent of total nitrogen of shoot, number of nodule per plant and biological yield accounted for 92.3 percent of variation exist in percent of nitrogen fixation. Path analysis indicated that these traits have direct and positive effect on percent of nitrogen fixation. Hence, these traits are promising indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of nitrogen fixation capability in common bean genotypes especially in early generations.

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The Significance of Microbial Transformation of Nitrogen Compounds in the Light of Integrated Crop Management

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1415

Author(s):

Aleksandra Grzyb ◽

Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka ◽

Alicja Niewiadomska

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Microbial Transformation ◽

Crop Management ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Nitrogen Compounds ◽

Integrated Crop Management ◽

Biological Nitrogen

Nitrogen (N) is widely distributed in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. It is a basic component of every plant cell as well as microorganisms, as a component of proteins, nucleic acids and chlorophyll. It enters soil with organic and mineral fertilizers, plant and animal residues and biological nitrogen fixation. There are various forms of nitrogen in soil, and this element is usually transformed by microorganisms. The transformation of nitrogen compounds (ammonification, nitrification and immobilization) is significantly influenced by climatic conditions and the physicochemical properties of soil. Microbial mineralization of nitrogen organic matter results in the enrichment of soil with this element, which is necessary to generate a yield. The amount of nitrogen entering soil through the mineralization of crop residues ranges from 15 to 45 kg N/ha in cereal residues and from 80 to 144 kg N/ha in winter rape residues. Biological nitrogen fixation can increase the nitrogen content in soil by 30–50 kg/ha/year. In recent decades, the mismanagement of mineral fertilizers has drastically changed the natural balance of the nitrogen cycle. Every year huge amounts of nitrogen compounds enter the aquatic ecosystems and cause their eutrophication. That is why it is important to have adequate knowledge of sustainable fertilization so as to practice integrated crop management.

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Impacts of biological nitrogen fixation on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from global natural terrestrial ecosystem soils: An Analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model

10.5194/bg-2019-278 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Tong Yu ◽

Qianlai Zhuang

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽

Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Emission Model ◽

Fixation Rate ◽

Observational Site ◽

Biological Nitrogen

Abstract. Biological nitrogen fixation plays an important role in the global nitrogen cycle. However, the fixation rate has been usually measured or estimated at a particular observational site. To quantify the fixation amount at the global scale, a process-based model is needed. This study develops a biological nitrogen fixation model and couples it with an extant biogeochemistry model of N2O emissions to examine the fixation rate and its effects on N2O emissions. The revised N2O emission model better matches the observed data in comparison with our previous model that has not considered the fixation effects. The new model estimates that tropical forests have the highest fixation rate among all ecosystem types, and decrease from the equator to the polar region. The estimated nitrogen fixation in global terrestrial ecosystems is 61.5 Tg N yr−1 with a range of 19.8–107.9 Tg N yr−1 in the 1990s. Our estimates are relatively low compared to some early estimates using empirical approaches, but comparable to more recent estimates that involve more detailed processes in their modeling. Furthermore, we estimate that the fixation contributes to −5 % to 20 % changes in N2O emissions compared to our previous estimates, depending on ecosystem types and climatic conditions. This study highlights that there are relatively large effects of the biological nitrogen fixation on ecosystem nitrogen cycling and soil N2O emissions and calls for more comprehensive understanding of biological nitrogen fixation and more observational data for different ecosystems to improve future quantification of the fixation and its impacts.

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BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION STABILITY OF COWPEA CULTIVARS WITH TROPICAL SEMI-ARID RHIZOBIAL STRAINS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252021v34n212rc ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 359-369

Author(s):

AMANDA CORDEIRO DE MELO SOUZA ◽

THIAGO PONTES LIRA ◽

ANTONIO FÉLIX DA COSTA ◽

FELIPE JOSÉ CURY FRACETTO ◽

GISELLE GOMES MONTEIRO FRACETTO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Accumulation ◽

Arid Soils ◽

Cowpea Cultivars ◽

Nodule Number ◽

Biological Nitrogen ◽

Semi Arid

ABSTRACT Cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) are an economically and socially important legume in northern and north-eastern Brazil and can establish effective symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. We evaluated the symbiotic compatibility and efficiency of rhizobial strains from Pernambuco semi-arid soils and determined their symbiotic stability on the IPA-206, BR 17-Gurguéia, and BRS Novaera cultivars, selected for different environments. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate a 3 × 28 factorial arrangement (cultivars selected for different environments × inoculation with the currently recommended strain, uninoculated plants with or without mineral nitrogen, and 25 rhizobial strains from semi-arid soils) in a randomized block design with four replicates. We determined nodule number, shoot and root dry matter, nodule dry matter by nodule number, nitrogen accumulated in the shoot by nodule dry matter, nitrogen content and accumulation in the shoot, relative efficiency of the recommended strain based on nitrogen accumulation, and shoot dry matter. Overall, the cultivars responded differently to different strains and cultivar biological nitrogen fixation potential. Strains G7.85 and BR 3262 showed potential for biological nitrogen fixation. BR 3262 was confirmed to be adequate for inoculation of different cowpea cultivars.

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Growth rate and nutritional status of an organic coffee cropping system

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162005000200008 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 138-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Marta dos Santos Freire Ricci ◽

Bruno José Rodrigues Alves ◽

Simone Cordeiro de Miranda ◽

Fabio Freire de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Total N ◽

Sunn Hemp ◽

Biological Nitrogen ◽

Organic Coffee

In view of the low N concentration in organic fertilizers, it is necessary to use high rates of such fertilizers to attend coffee crop requirements. Hence, N is the most limiting nutrient for organic coffee production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) organic fertilization on the growth and nutritional status of coffee cultivars, as well as to quantify plant biomass and N input derived from biological nitrogen fixation, and their effect on soil chemical characteristics. The experiment consisted of six coffee (Coffea arabica) cultivars intercropped with and without sunn hemp sown in November 2001 and pruned at mid-height 76 days later. At 175 days, the standing biomass of the legume was cut, measuring dry mass, total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and 15N natural abundance, resulting 16 t ha-1 of dry mass and the recycling of 444, 21, 241, 191, and 44 kg ha-1 of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively. Cultivars 'Obatã' and 'Catuaí Vermelho' presented the highest growth rates in terms of plant height, while cultivars 'Icatu' and 'Oeiras' presented the lowest rates. Biological nitrogen fixation associated to the legume introduced more than 200 kg ha-1 of N, which is a demonstration that N fertilization in organic cropping systems is a valuable alternative. Intercropping lead to a constant coffee leaf N content during the entire cropping cycle, contrary to what was observed in plots grown without sunn hemp.

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Modeling biological nitrogen fixation in global natural terrestrial ecosystems

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-17-3643-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (13) ◽

pp. 3643-3657

Author(s):

Tong Yu ◽

Qianlai Zhuang

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Nitrogen Cycle ◽

Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽

Global Scale ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Fixation Rate ◽

Observational Site ◽

Biological Nitrogen ◽

Global Nitrogen Cycle

Abstract. Biological nitrogen fixation plays an important role in the global nitrogen cycle. However, the fixation rate has been usually measured or estimated at a particular observational site. To quantify the fixation amount at the global scale, process-based models are needed. This study develops a biological nitrogen fixation model to quantitatively estimate the nitrogen fixation rate by plants in a natural environment. The revised nitrogen module better simulates the nitrogen cycle in comparison with our previous model that has not considered the fixation effects. The new model estimates that tropical forests have the highest fixation rate among all ecosystem types, which decreases from the Equator to the polar region. The estimated nitrogen fixation in global terrestrial ecosystems is 61.5 Tg N yr−1 with a range of 19.8–107.9 Tg N yr−1 in the 1990s. Our estimates are relatively low compared to some early estimates using empirical approaches but comparable to more recent estimates that involve more detailed processes in their modeling. Furthermore, the contribution of nitrogen made by biological nitrogen fixation depends on ecosystem type and climatic conditions. This study highlights that there are relatively large effects of biological nitrogen fixation on ecosystem nitrogen cycling. and the large uncertainty of the estimation calls for more comprehensive understanding of biological nitrogen fixation. More direct observational data for different ecosystems are in need to improve future quantification of fixation and its impacts.

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Evaluation of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.walp) Genotypes for Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Maize-cowpea Crop Rotation

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v8n1p82 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Simunji Simunji ◽

Kalaluka L. Munyinda ◽

Obed I. Lungu ◽

Alice M. Mweetwa ◽

Elijah Phiri

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Block Design ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Isotopic Analysis ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

15N Urea ◽

Biological Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a major plant nutrient which is most limiting in the soil due to soil losses of mineral nitrogen (N) form. To ensure availability of nitrogen in the soil, the study was conducted to screen four cowpea genotypes for Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) and their contribution to maize yield in maize- cowpea rotation. The cowpea genotypes used were mutants LT11-3-3-12 (LT) and BB14-16-2-2 (BB) and their parental varieties Lutembwe (LTPRT) and Bubebe (BBPRT) respectively. Trials were established at two sites (Chisamba and Batoka) of different soil types. The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Labelled 15N urea was applied at 20kgNha-1 on the four cowpea genotypes during 2015/16 growing season. Cowpea plant parts were dried and milled for 15N isotopic analysis. The data collected included Nitrogen content and atom % 15N excess in the fixing cowpea genotypes and non-nitrogen fixing pearl millet to determine total nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (TNdfa) and total nitrogen (TN) in plant parts which were further used to compute Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF). The results showed that BNF by cowpea genotypes at Chisamba was 63.9 kg ha-1 and was significantly (P<0.001) more than BNF of 6.6 kgha-1 at Batoka. The LT mutant fixed significantly (P<0.001) higher nitrogen of 86.1 kgha-1 and 16.5kg ha-1 at Chisamba and Batoka respectively than other genotypes. However, both BB and LT mutants significantly fixed more nitrogen than their parents and have demonstrated to increase maize grain yields up-to 12 tha-1 in the maize – cowpea rotation.

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Technical and economic viability of co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in soybean cultivars in the Cerrado

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n1p51-56 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Fernando S. Galindo ◽

Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽

Salatier Buzetti ◽

Mariana G. Z. Ludkiewicz ◽

Poliana A. L. Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Block Design ◽

Economic Viability ◽

No Tillage ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Tillage System ◽

Biological Nitrogen

ABSTRACT Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) efficiency can be increased by co-inoculation with bradyrhizobia and Azospirillum brasilense, allowing even greater uptake of water and nutrients, leading to higher yields. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the technical and economic viability of soybean in the Cerrado, according to the cultivars and co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria, MS, in no-tillage system, in Oxisol, arranged in a randomized block design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme with two cultivars (‘Potência’ and ‘Valiosa’), with and without co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in the seed. Co-inoculation with A. brasilense increases grain yield in the cultivars ‘Potência’ and ‘Valiosa’, being economically viable. However, using the cultivar ‘Potência’ co-inoculated led to the highest profitability.

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Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Productivity of Soybean in Maize-Soybean Intercrop under Tillage and Bradyrhizobium Inoculation on Alfisols of Northern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria

10.36265/njss.2020.300103 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 15-24

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Block Design ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

N Fixation ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Main Plot ◽

Four Levels ◽

Biological Nitrogen ◽

Bradyrhizobium Inoculation

A field study was conducted in the 2011 cropping season to investigate the effect of tillage and bradyrhizobium inoculation of soybean on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and yield components in maize-soybean intercropping systems. Treatments comprised of two tillage practices (conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT)) as the main plot and bradyrhizobium inoculation at four levels (inoculated sole soybean, inoculated soybean/maize intercrop, uninoculated sole soybean, and uninoculated soybean/maize intercrop) as sub-plot. The treatments were laid in a split-plot under a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that BNF and nitrogen derived from atmospheric (Ndfa) were significantly higher under RT than CT by 4.18 and 0.10 %, respectively. The BNF was consistently higher in the maize-soybean intercropping system with soybean inoculated with bradyrhizobium than in the uninoculated. BNF was 28.0 % higher in inoculated sole soybean and 80.2 % higher in inoculated maize-soybean intercrop than the uninoculated sole and intercropping system. Similarly, grain yield was 31.0 % higher in the inoculated sole soybean than the uninoculated sole and 33.7 % higher in inoculated maize/soybean intercrop than in the uninoculated intercrop. Biomass yields under inoculatedsole soybean and maize-soybean intercrop, respectively, were significantly higher than in uninoculated sole soybean and maize-soybean intercrop by 30.99and 33.66% for inoculated and uninoculated soybean sole and 34.44 and 30.40 % for inoculated and uninoculated intercrop. The results demonstrated that integrating bradyrhizobium inoculants and tillage will improve N fixation and productivity in maize-soybeanbased intercropping systems in Alfisols of Northern savannah.

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