scholarly journals Parenting and child well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak: The importance of marital adjustment and parental self-efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286
Author(s):  
Eva Diniz ◽  
Tânia Brandão ◽  
Lígia Monteiro ◽  
Manuela Veríssimo
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Social Competence ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Routines ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Lack Of Information

The pandemic situation of COVID-19 has introduced new challenges on family routines, affecting interpersonal relationships, which may have detrimental consequences to child well-being. The current study aimed to examine the direct effects of marital adjustment on child socioemotional adjustment and to test if parental self-efficacy mediated this association during home confinement due to COVID-19. A final sample of 163 caregivers was recruited online during home confinement period. On average children were 6 years-old (SD=2.92; 44.8% girls). Caregivers and their child were in home confinement for an average of 31 days (SD=12.08). Most of the couples had been married or living together for an average of 14 years (SD=5.77) and had a university degree, mostly living in metropolitan areas. Caregivers answer to a set of measures assessing marital adjustment, parental self-efficacy, and child socioemotional competence and behavior. Findings depicted a direct effect on the positive association between marital satisfaction and parental self-efficacy, and negatively associated with anger-aggression. Parental self-efficacy was positively associated with child’s: social competence, negatively associated with anger-aggression, and anxiety-withdrawal. Indirect effects depicted that marital satisfaction was associated with child’s social competence, anger-aggression and anxiety-withdrawal through parental self-efficacy. Thus, higher marital satisfaction was associated with more parental self-efficacy which in turn was associated with more child’s social competence. Findings are relevant to the current state of the art, given the lack of information regarding imposed isolation due to COVID-19 and the consequences it may have to child’s well-being.

scholarly journals The Stress of Caring—Resilience and HPA-Axis Activity in Hair Samples of Youth Residential Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bürgin ◽  
Nina Kind ◽  
Martin Schröder ◽  
Vera Clemens ◽  
Jörg M. Fegert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Care ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Residential Care Institutions ◽  
Hair Samples

Background: Professional caregivers in youth residential care institutions experience frequent verbal and physical aggression as well as multiple stressors as part of their everyday work, leading to high levels of burnout and staff turnover. Resilience might buffer against psychophysiological stress response and therefore be crucial for well-being in professional caregivers.Objectives: We aimed to investigate if measures related to resilience [sense of coherence (SoC), self-efficacy and self-care] and attachment security of caregivers were cross-sectionally associated with stress markers in hair samples [cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)].Method: Participants (n = 134; 64.2% women) reported on individual resilience measures and provided hair samples for cortisol and DHEA assays. Attachment was assessed in a subsample using the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP, n = 69). Linear regression models were fitted to estimate the association between resilience measures and the Cortisol:DHEA ratio, cortisol and DHEA, controlling for gender and age.Results: SoC was associated with a lower Cortisol:DHEA ratio (β = −0.36, p < 0.001), driven by a positive association between SoC and DHEA levels (β = 0.28, p = 0.002). Self-care was also associated with lower Cortisol:DHEA ratios (β = −0.24, p = 0.005), due to self-care being associated with higher DHEA (β = 0.21, p = 0.016). HPA-axis measures were not associated with self-efficacy nor with attachment patterns in a subsample.Conclusions: Our findings imply that youth residential care institutions might benefit from programs focusing on enhancing SoC and self-care practices. Fostering a meaningful, comprehensible and manageable professional climate in caregiving environments and implementing self-care in routine practices might enhance not only well-being but also physical health of professional caregivers and in this way buffer adverse health effects of chronic stressors.

Illness Uncertainty in Patients Awaiting Liver Transplant

2020 ◽  
pp. 019394592095205
Author(s):  
Donald E. Bailey ◽  
Jia Yao ◽  
Qing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Illness Uncertainty ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Uncertainty In Illness ◽  
Uncertainty Score

Illness uncertainty is prevalent in patients awaiting liver transplant. We described high levels of illness uncertainty in these patients and examined relationships between uncertainty and person factors and the antecedents of uncertainty. Mishel uncertainty in illness scale was used to measure illness uncertainty. We used modes and interquartile range (IQR) to describe illness uncertainty levels in 115 patients. Multiple logistic and linear regression models estimated the associations of uncertainty with hypothesized antecedents. High total illness uncertainty score was reported by 15.6% of the patients. After adjusting for all variables, illness uncertainty was associated with two antecedents of uncertainty, low social well-being (OR = 0.816; p = .025) and low self-efficacy (OR = 0.931; p = .013). Complexity was negatively associated with social well-being; ambiguity and inconsistency were negatively associated with self-efficacy. One in seven patients experienced high illness uncertainty. Social well-being and self-efficacy were negatively related to illness uncertainty.

scholarly journals Assessing Perceived Empathic and Social Self-Efficacy Across Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Di Giunta ◽  
Nancy Eisenberg ◽  
Anne Kupfer ◽  
Patrizia Steca ◽  
Carlo Tramontano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Partial Invariance

The Perceived Empathic Self-Efficacy Scale (PESE) and the Perceived Social Self-Efficacy Scale (PSSE) were developed to assess, respectively, individuals’ self-efficacy beliefs regarding both empathic responding to others’ needs or feelings and managing interpersonal relationships. In this study of young adults, a unidimensional factorial structure of both scales was found in Italy, the United States, and Bolivia. Complete invariance at the metric level and partial invariance at the scalar level were found across gender and countries for both scales. The construct and incremental validity of both PESE and PSSE were further examined in a different sample of Italian young adults. Patterns of association of the PESE or PSSE with self-esteem, psychological well-being, and the use of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies were found, often over and beyond their associations with empathy or extraversion, respectively.

How is Time Perspective Related to Perceptions of Self and of Interpersonal Relationships?

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umit Akirmak
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Balanced Time Perspective ◽  
Additional Support

AbstractPrevious research has revealed a positive association between balanced time perspective (BTP) and subjective well-being (Boniwell & Zimbardo, 2004), however mechanisms underlying BTP are yet to be determined. The goal of the present study was to examine the contributions of personality and quality of interpersonal relationships in the development of BTP. Additionally, the correlations between these measures and time perspective dimensions were evaluated as an attempt to provide further psychometric properties of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) in a Turkish sample. 178 undergraduates filled out a survey that included the ZTPI and measures that assessed personality characteristics, and quality of parent, peer, and adult relationships. Results showed that deviation from BTP was positively associated with romantic anxiety (r = .41, p < .001), romantic avoidance (r = .33, p < .001), and neuroticism (r = .49, p < .001) but negatively associated with self-esteem (r = –.50, p < .001) and security of the mother (r = –.38, p < .001), father (r = –.37, p < .001) and peer (r = –.27, p < .001) attachment. When personality and attachment measures were employed in a regression analysis, father attachment, romantic anxiety, self-esteem, and neuroticism were found to be significant predictors of the deviation from BTP scores (adjusted R2 = .39, f2 = .75). Finally, the inter-correlations of the ZTPI dimensions and their correlations with the personality and attachment measures provided additional support for the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the ZTPI. These findings imply that positive perceptions of self and of interpersonal relationships are crucial in the development of BTP.

scholarly journals PROCRASTINATION AND SELF-CONCEPT IN MORE/LESS CONSCIENTIOUS STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Berinšterová ◽  
◽  
Miroslava Bozogáňová ◽  
Monika Magdová ◽  
Jana Kapová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated

"Given its significant negative consequences for university students, procrastination has been studied extensively and shown to be associated with conscientiousness as a personality trait. Involving 333 university students doing teacher training programmes (68.5% female; Mage=20.51 (SD=1.61); 83.48% undergraduates doing a bachelor’s degree), our study aimed to explore the association between procrastination among more/less conscientious students and selected self-concept variables (self-control, self-efficacy, etc.). Our questionnaire was based on the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (Gosling, Rentfrow, Swann, 2003), the Self-Control Scale (Finkenauer, Engels, Baumeister, 2005), the Self-efficacy Scale (Ko?š, Hefteyova, Schwarzer, Jerusalem, 1993), and the Procrastination Scale for Student Populations (Gabrhelík, 2008); our control variables were gender and well- being (Subjective Well-Being Scale, Chan-Hoong, Soon, 2011). The sample was divided into two groups – (1) less conscientious and (2) more conscientious) – using the method of visual binning in SPSS 20. A t-test for independent samples and linear regression were used for data analysis. The less conscientious students in our sample reported a higher level of procrastination (t=6.479; df=310; p?0.001; Cohen's d=0.681). A linear model was conducted for both groups (the dependent variable being the level of procrastination, the independent variables being gender and the levels of self-control, self-efficacy, and well-being). Both models were significant ((1) F=8.449; p?0.001; R2=32.6; (2) F= 7.277; p?0.001; R2=25.7). Among the less conscientious students, the levels of self-control (?=-0.546; t=-5.262; p?0.001) and self-efficacy (?=-0.238; t=-2.092; p?0.001) were negatively associated with procrastination. Among the more conscientious students, the level of self-control (?=0.404; t=-3.929; p?0.001) was negatively associated with procrastination and “being a man” (0–man; 1–woman) (?=-0.307; t=-3.219; p?0.05) was significantly associated with the level of procrastination. The results of our study show trait and personality differences in the level of procrastination, highlighting the importance of self-control and self-efficacy development among university students. Interactive programmes with an impact on students’ self-concept can be a significant contribution to students’ ability to cope with their study requirements effectively. It could be argued that the limits of this study include cross-sectional and self-reported data."

scholarly journals RELAÇÃO ENTRE A PERCEPÇÃO DA AUTOEFICÁCIA ACADÈMICA E O ENGAGEMENT DE ESTUDANTES DE ENGENHARIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Alexandra R. Costa ◽  
Alexandra M. Araújo ◽  
Leandro S. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Engagement Assessment ◽  
Education Academic ◽  
The Individual

Abstract:Self-efficacy reflects the belief that the individual has in his/her own capabilities to organize and execute actions that are needed to accomplish certain goals. On the other hand, Engagement refers to a positive psychological and motivational state, which is associated with individual well-being. This investigation aims to examine the relationship between these two variables, presenting the hypothesis that there is a positive association between self-efficacy and engagement, of engineering students in Higher Education. The sample was composed of 361 students (M = 20.54; SD = 4.24). Self-efficacy and engagement assessment was conducted through a questionnaire administered to students in classroom. Results show a positive and significant association between the variables, being the strongest association between the behavioral dimension of engagement and self-efficacy, which are, in turn, positively associated with academic performance variables. In this study we present and discuss these results and their implications for psychological research and practice.Keywords: Higher Education; Academic Self-Efficacy; Engagement; Academic SuccessResumo:A autoeficácia refere-se às crenças que o indivíduo tem nas suas próprias capacidades para organizar e executar as ações necessárias à concretização de determinados objetivos. Por seu lado, engagement refere-se ao estado psicológico positivo e motivacional, relacionado com o bem-estar individual. Nesta investigação procurou-se estabelecer a relação entre estas duas variáveis, assumindo uma hipótese de associação positiva entre a autoeficácia e o engagement, tomando estudantes do Ensino Superior de diferentes ramos da Engenharia. A amostra foi constituída por 361 estudantes (M = 20.54; DP = 4.24). A avaliação da autoeficácia e do engagement foi realizada através da aplicação dos questionários aos estudantes em sala de aula. Os resultados revelam uma associação positiva e significativa, sendo maior a associação encontrada entre a dimensão comportamental do engagement e a autoeficácia, estando também estas duas variáveis positivamente associadas ao rendimento académico. Nesta comunicação apresentam-se e discutem-se estes resultados e as suas implicações na investigação e prática psicológica.Palavras-chave: Ensino superior; Autoeficácia académica; Engagement; Sucesso académico.

Looking for adolescents' well-being: self-efficacy beliefs as determinants of positive thinking and happiness

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽  
Patrizia Steca ◽  
Maria Gerbino ◽  
Marinella Paciello ◽  
Giovanni Maria Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Longitudinal Impact ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYAims – The present study is part of a longitudinal project aimed at identifying the personal characteristics and the developmental pathways conducive to successful adaptation from childhood to adulthood. The study examined the concurrent and longitudinal impact of self-efficacy beliefs on subjective well-being in adolescence, namely positive thinking and happiness. Positive thinking has been operationalized as the latent dimension underlying life satisfaction, self-esteem and optimism. Happiness has been operationalized as the difference between positive and negative affects, as they are experienced in a variety of daily situations. Methods – In a group of 664 Italian adolescents, a structural model positing adolescents' emotional and interpersonal self-efficacy beliefs as proximal and distal determinants of positive thinking and happiness has been tested. Results – Findings attest to the impact of affective and interpersonal-social self-efficacy beliefs on positive thinking and happiness both concurrently and longitudinally. Conclusions – Adolescents' self-efficacy beliefs to manage positive and negative emotions and interpersonal relationships contribute to promote positive expectations about the future, to mantain a high self-concept, to perceive a sense of satisfaction for the life and to experience more positive emotions.Declaration of Interest: none.

scholarly journals Psychological Adaptation, Marital Satisfaction, and Academic Self-Efficacy of International Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-702
Author(s):  
Gökçe Bulgan ◽  
Ayşe Çiftçi
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
International Students ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Academic Self Efficacy

The authors investigated marital satisfaction and academic self-efficacy in relation to psychological adaptation (i.e., psychological well-being, life satisfaction) in a sample of 198 married international students. Results of multiple regression analyses indicated that marital satisfaction and academic self-efficacy accounted for 45.9% of variance in psychological well-being and 25.8% of variance in life satisfaction scores. Based on the results, the differences between cognitive and emotion-oriented processes during psychological adaptation were explained. The authors discuss implications for programs with international students and mental health professionals working in university campuses.

Parenthood, Subjective Well-Being, and the Moderating Effects of Parent Narcissism

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Robert S. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Pathological Narcissism ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Child Age

Abstract. Previous research on the link between parenthood and subjective well-being has observed a positive, a negative, or no relation between the two depending upon a variety of factors including, but not limited to, parent age, child age, and parent gender. The current study assessed an individual difference – parent narcissism – as an additional moderator of this link. The project assessed both non-pathological and pathological trait narcissism and differentiated between pathological grandiosity and vulnerability as it explored the extent to which each form of narcissism moderated the association between parenthood and well-being. Amazon Mturk workers completed measures of demographic characteristics, subjective well-being, and narcissism online. Overall, parenthood was positively associated with subjective well-being, but this effect was moderated such that the positive association between parenting and subjective well-being was observed only for those low in non-pathological narcissism and pathological grandiosity. Pathological vulnerability was negatively associated with subjective well-being but did not moderate the parenthood-subjective well-being link. The findings highlight the role of narcissistic grandiosity in influencing when and for whom parenthood might lead to more subjective well-being.

scholarly journals Emotional Intelligence and Self-Efficacy Among Physical Education Teachers

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Mouton ◽  
Michel Hansenne ◽  
Romy Delcour ◽  
Marc Cloes
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Trait Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Sense Of Efficacy ◽  
Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire ◽  
Teaching Time

Research has documented a positive association between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and well-being, performance and self-efficacy. The purpose of the current study was to examine potential associations between EI and self-efficacy among physical education teachers. The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) and the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) were administered to a sample of 119 physical education teachers. The main results show a positive association between EI and self-efficacy, and more particularly that the sociability factor of EI predicted the TSES total score. Moreover, neither age nor teaching time experience was related to EI or self-efficacy scores. These results both confirm and extend previous findings on the association between EI and self-efficacy. Suggestions are provided for specific EI training for physical education teachers.

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