Multidrug resistant Salmonella sp isolated from chicken

Antibiotic resistance has been a major problem in combatting Salmonella in poultry, this research was designed to determine the antibiotic resistance level of Salmonella isolated from freshly dead chicken. A total of 107 freshly dead chicken were collected from 23 different farms, birds were necropsied, liver and trachea were collected, Salmonella were recovered from the samples using peptone water, Rappaport-Vassiliadis R10 Broth and Salmonella-Shigella agar. Pure culture were identified using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The pure isolates were subjected to antibiotic test using disc diffusion method. Sixteen isolates of Salmonella were recovered, 3 of which were from the trachea while 13 were recovered from the liver. All of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin 100% while Nitrofuratoin was least resisted with only 37.5% of the Salmonella isolates showing resistance. The antibiotic resistant pattern often observed in this study were AMP, AUG, TLY with 75% (12); AMP, AUG, TLY, CPR, ENR, 50% (8); while 6.3% (1) was resistant to all of the antibiotics tested. This result showed that there is an emergence of multi-resistance Salmonella in poultry, therefore it is important to carry out sensitivity test before administration of antibiotics in order to control poultry salmonellosis.

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Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Acinetobacter Isolated from Patients Admitted in ICUs in Mazandaran, Northern Iran

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n11p112 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roya Ghasemian ◽

Mohammad Ahanjan ◽

Ebrahim Fatehi ◽

Mehran Shokri

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Test Method ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Antibiotic Resistant

BACKGROUND & PURPOSE: Antibiotic resistance rate is increasing in Acinetobacter species, especially in Acinetobacter baumannii, as the most important pathogen of hospital and ICU . This research aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistant rate of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from patients admitted to ICUs in educational hospitals affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.METHODS: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 50 Acinetobacter isolates were collected during 2013- 2014. After confirming Acinetobacter species, antibacterial sensitivity test was done using disc diffusion method and minimal inhibitor concentration (MIC) was evaluated by E-test in all isolates.RESULTS: Disc diffusion method revealed that 100% of isolates were resistant to Amikacin and Cefepim and 96% were resistant to both Meropenem and Ciprofloxacin antibiotics, 6% were sensitive, 18% were intermediate and 76% were resistant to imipenem. Also, 84% of isolates were sensitive and 16% were resistant to colistin. In E-test method, 92% of isolates were sensitive and 8% were resistant to colistin. Moreover, an isolate was sensitive, one was intermediate and the remaining isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 100% of isolates were resistant to other antibiotics in E-test. Over 96% of Acinetobacter isolates were resistant to the antibiotics frequently used in ICU (ciprofloxacin, meropenem, amikacin, and cefepim). Colistin was found as the only appropriate antibiotic that could be used for patients in ICU.CONCLUSION: We hope these results could change the attitude of physicians toward using antibiotics in ICUs and encourage them to follow antibiotic stewardship as the only effective strategy to somewhat control antibiotic resistances.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: Associations with a source of infection and antibiotic resistance

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina45010001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Asta Dambrauskienė ◽

Dalia Adukauskienė ◽

Jolanta Jeroch ◽

Astra Vitkauskienė

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Resistant Strains

Aim of the study. To determine the associations between the source of infection and antibiotic resistance in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 50 patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia was carried out. If sepsis was suspected, blood culture was incubated in an automatic system BACTEC 9240. Then bacteria were identified, and their antibiotic resistance was estimated by disc diffusion method. If Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were resistant to three or more antibiotics, they were considered as multidrug-resistant.Results. The origin of bacteremia was confirmed in 33 (66%) patients. Lower respiratory tract was the predominant source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia (81.8%, n=27) as compared with infection of wound (39.4%, n=13), urinary tract (15.2%, n=5), and drain or cerebrospinal fluid (9.1%, n=3) (P<0.05). Eighteen percent (n=9) of strains, which caused bacteremia, were resistant to ceftazidime; 38% (n=19), to piperacillin; 22% (n=11), to imipenem; 26% (n=13), to meropenem; 24% (n=12), to ciprofloxacin; 40% (n=20), to gentamicin; and only 8% (n=4), to amikacin. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were more frequently isolated if a source of infection was wound comparing to a source of other localization (61.5%, n=8 and 20.0%, n=4, respectively; P<0.05). Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to imipenem was associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin (13.2%, n=5 and 50.0%, n=6, retrospectively; P<0.05), but resistance to meropenem – both to ciprofloxacin and amikacin. Conclusions. The predominant source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia was lower respiratory tract, and multidrug-resistant strains caused bacteremia more frequently if a source infection was wound. Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to carbapenems was associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin and resistance to meropenem – also to amikacin. Resistance of strains to ceftazidime and piperacillin was associated with resistance to gentamicin.

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MULTIPLE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE INDEXING OF NON- FERMENTING GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i6.17717 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Bhuvaneshwari Gunasekar

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Mar Index ◽

Surgery Department

Objective: The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexing and finding Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria will help to indicate the origin from high risk of contamination where the antibiotics are often used. Hence this study was carried out to give the MAR index of non-fermenting Gram negative bacilli in a tertiary care hospital which would help our infection control team also.Methods: Drug resistance was tested by Kirby bauer’s disc diffusion method. MAR index was calculated using the formula, a/b (were a= number of antibiotics to which the organism was resistant and b= total number of antibiotics to which the organism was tested).Results: Out of 240 Gram negative non-fermenters isolated, 117 (49%) strains were greater than 0.2 of MAR index, 95(81%) was from in-patient department. 73(62%) were hospitalized for more than 3 days, 44 (38%) was from surgery department. 49(42%) was wound specimen. Out of 117 multiple antibiotic resistant isolates 99 (85%) were MDR isolates.Conclusion: 51% prevalence of isolates >0.2 MAR index shows that the source of contamination can still be brought up down by proper surveillance and management with proper usage of surface and skin disinfectants especially in surgery ward where the MAR index has indicated more usage of antibiotics

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Antibiotic Resistance of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Fresh Fruits and Vegetables and Characterization of their AmpC β-Lactamases

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-089 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 82 (11) ◽

pp. 1857-1863 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

ZAHRA S. AL-KHAROUSI ◽

NEJIB GUIZANI ◽

ABDULLAH M. AL-SADI ◽

ISMAIL M. AL-BULUSHI

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Enterobacter Asburiae

ABSTRACT Enterobacteria may gain antibiotic resistance and be potent pathogens wherever they are present, including in fresh fruits and vegetables. This study tested the antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria isolated from 13 types of local and imported fresh fruits and vegetables (n = 105), using the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of AmpC β-lactamases were determined in cefoxitin-resistant isolates. Ten percent of the enterobacteria tested (n = 88) were pansusceptible, 74% were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 16% were multidrug resistant. Enterobacteria isolates showed the highest antibiotic resistance against ampicillin (66%), cephalothin (57%), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (33%), cefoxitin (31%), tetracycline (9%), nalidixic acid (7%), trimethoprim (6%), and kanamycin (5%). Three isolates showed intermediate resistance to the clinically important antibiotic imipenem. Escherichia coli isolated from lettuce exhibited multidrug resistance against five antibiotics. Fifteen isolates were confirmed to have AmpC β-lactamase, using the inhibitor-based test and the antagonism test; the latter test confirmed that the enzyme was an inducible type. Four types of ampC β-lactamase genes (CIT, EBC, FOX, and MOX) were detected in eight isolates: four Enterobacter cloacae isolates and one isolate each of Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter hormaechei, and Enterobacter ludwigii. It was concluded that fresh fruits and vegetables might play a role as a source or vehicle for transferring antibiotic-resistant bacteria that might spread to other countries through exportation. The clinically significant AmpC β-lactamase was rarely documented in the literature on bacteria isolated from fruits and vegetables, and to our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection of an inducible type in such commodities.

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Determination of antibiotic resistance and minimum inhibitory concentration of meropenem and imipenem growth in Klebsiella strains isolated from urinary tract infection in Shahrekord educational hospitals

Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.34172/jsums.2019.14 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 80-85

Author(s):

Farshad Kakian ◽

Behnam Zamzad ◽

Abolfazl Gholipour ◽

Kiarash Zamanzad

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

Tract Infections

Background and aims: Klebsiella is an opportunistic organism that is the cause of severe diseases such as pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). In addition, high antibiotic resistance has challenged the treatment of this bacterium. However, carbapenem antibiotics are considered as the therapeutic agents for selecting the treatment of penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. The present study aimed to determine the resistance and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of meropenem and imipenem. Methods: A total of 80 Klebsiella spp isolated from UTIs were collected in various educational wards (i.e., urology, obstetrics, and gynecology, as well as the units of infectious diseases, internal medicine, and intensive care) in different hospitals of Shahrekord. The isolates were then identified by using biochemical tests. Further, disc diffusion method was employed to determine the antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, MIC was estimated by the Epsilon-test strip. Moreover, P=Q=0.50, an error of 0.05, and an accuracy of 0.11 were considered for determining the sample size (n=80). Results: Based on the results of disc diffusion method, 24 strains were resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Additionally, the MIC was 24 (30%) by the E-test. In addition, 24 isolates had a MIC of ≥4 μg/mL for meropenem and imipenem and thus were resistant while 18 isolates were found to have a MIC of 1≤ MIC<4 μg/mL and therefore, were considered semi-sensitive (P<0.001). Conclusion: In general, Klebsiella strains were found to be resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of these strains and the selection of appropriate antibiotics can help quickly eradicate the infections caused by these bacteria. Accordingly, a waste of time, the consumption of medication, or even an increased resistance are prevented.

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Gölbaşı ve Azaplı Göllerinden (Adıyaman) İzole Edilen Bakterilerin Tiplendirilmesi ve Çoklu Antibiyotik Dirençliliklerinin Araştırılması

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v5i1.43-47.819 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Fikret Büyükkaya Kayış ◽

Sadık Dinçer ◽

Fatih Matyar ◽

Hatice Aysun Mercimek Takcı ◽

Melis Sümengen Özdenefe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Seasonal Changes ◽

Reference Value ◽

Summer Season ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative

Identification and multiple antibiotic resistances of amphicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline resistant gram-negative bacteria that isolated microorganisms from Gölbaşı and Azaplı lakes (Adiyaman) were investigated in this study. Seasonally taken isolates of totally 386 bacteria in 10 different species from 7 genera were scanned against 16 antibiotics [gentamycin, imipenem, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, meropenem, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, penicillin, cephalothin, cefazolin, cefpirome, ceftizoxime, cefuroxime, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (Bioanalyse)] by using the disc diffusion method to determine the prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance. Multiple antibiotic resistance of stations showed seasonal changes between 0.29 and 0.91. In generally, multiple antibiotic resistance in Golbasi and Azapli lakes were higher than the reference value and highest multiple antibiotic resistance values were obtained at summer season (3th period). When the obtained data are considered, high multiple antibiotic resistance poses a risk in terms of public health and for economically important animals.

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Beta Lactamase Genes of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Anorectal Sepsis Cases in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v30i1-2.28449 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (1-2) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

Sheikh Shahidul Islam ◽

Md Abdul Malek ◽

AKM Fazlul Haque ◽

Kaisar Ali Talukder ◽

Marufa Zerin Akhter

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Esbl Production ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum

A microbiological study was carried out to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli in anorectal sepsis patients in Bangladesh. One hundred specimens of pus, swab, or exudates from anorectal sepsis cases were studied. All the 61 isolates of E. coli were found to be highly resistant to most of the drugs used. Among these, 14 multidrug resistant E. coli were examined for ESBL production by double disc diffusion method. Six of these were found to be ESBL positive. PCR analysis revealed that 3 of the 6 isolates had coexistence of blaSHV, blaOXA and blaCTXM-1 genes. Two of the isolates had only blaSHV gene, whereas 1 isolate had a combination of blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Three of these were resistant to all the drugs tested, while two were sensitive to getamicin and one to ciprofloxacin. None of the E. coli strains possessed blaCTXM-2, blaCTXM-8, blaCTXM-9, and qnr genes.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 30, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2013, pp 23-29

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Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella spp. Isolated from Apparently Healthy Pigeons in a Live Bird Market in Chattogram, Bangladesh

World s Veterinary Journal ◽

10.54203/scil.2020.wvj61 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 508-513

Author(s):

Zamila Bueaza Bupasha ◽

Ruhena Begum ◽

Sharna Karmakar ◽

Rahima Akter ◽

Md Bayzid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Live Bird Market ◽

Live Bird ◽

Apparently Healthy

Multidrug-resistant Salmonella could pose a severe public health threat. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and some antibiotic-resistant genes in Salmonella spp. isolated from pigeons in a live bird market, Chattogram, Bangladesh. A total of 100 cloacal swab samples were collected aseptically from apparently healthy pigeons in the live bird market, namely Riazuddin Bazar in Chattogram city, Bangladesh. Different bacteriological and biochemical tests were used for the isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. The susceptibility test of Salmonella isolates to different antibiotics was performed by the disk diffusion method. PCR assay using specific primers was used for antibiotic resistance genes detection. The results indicated that the prevalence of Salmonella spp. was 29% in sampled birds. The highest antibiotic resistance rate was found to be ampicillin (93.1%), followed by both sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tetracycline (86.2%). In contrast, 65.5% of isolates were found sensitive to ciprofloxacin, followed by colistin (62.1%), kanamycin (55.2%), and gentamicin (48.3%). 96.6% of Salmonella isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant and harbored blaTEM, tetA, sul1, and sul2 genes. In conclusion, pigeons as carriers of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. may pose a health risk to other birds and humans.

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Antibacterial Activity of Eight Medicinal Plants against Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from Broiler Meat

Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources ◽

10.33002/nr2581.6853.03043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 28-48

Author(s):

Md. Rayhan Ali ◽

Md. Omar Faruque ◽

Md. Tarek Molla ◽

Roksana Khanam ◽

Shahin Mahmud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Standard Disc

The excess use of antimicrobial agents in the poultry industry is a significant reason for the gradual spread and increasing level of multidrug resistance bacteria. This article is based on a study in which the antibacterial activity of aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic and acetonic extracts of eight medicinal plants were evaluated by standard disc diffusion method against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from broiler meat. The multidrug resistance was checked by commercially available antibiotics using standard disc diffusion method. The results have indicated that the ethanolic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa showed maximum zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli, while Asparagus racemosus showed maximum zone of inhibition against Salmonella spp. Other experimental plant extracts had showed moderate activity against these multidrug-resistant bacteria, which can also be considered as potential source of active beneficial phytochemicals. Proper management and application of these plant extracts may be a wonderful alternative of commercially available antibiotic to minimize the risk.

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Monitoring of antibiotic resistance in isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaein the Czech Republic between 2001 and 2003

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5613-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 181-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Nedbalcova ◽

P. Satran ◽

Z. Jaglic ◽

R. Ondriasova ◽

Z. Kucerova

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

High Increase ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

During the period of 2001 and 2003 a total of 238 isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae obtained from 26 pig herds in the Czech Republic (2001 – 73 isolates, 2002 – 110 isolates, 2003 – 55 isolates) were examined for antibiotic resistance by disc diffusion method. Resistance to erythromycin (95.5% to 98.6%), streptomycin (76.4% to 82.7%) and tiamulin (72.7%) was detected most frequently over the whole monitored period. High increase in percentage of resistant isolates to tetracycline (2001 – 11.0%, 2002 – 36.4%, 2003 – 81.8%), doxycycline (2001 – 9.6%, 2002 – 34.6%, 2003 – 61.8%), nalidixic acid (2001 – 2.7%, 2002 – 14.5%, 2003 – 45.5%), and norfloxacin (2001 – 0%, 2002 – 7.3%, 2003 – 34.6%) was found, while differences in resistance to cephalotine (2001 – 1.4%, 2002 – 7.3%, 2003 – 9.1%), cotrimoxazol (2001 – 4.1%, 2002 – 10.0%, 2003 – 7.3%), amoxicillin (2001 – 12.3%, 2002 – 12.7%, 2003 – 10.9%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (2001 – 9.6%, 2002 – 9.1%, 2003 – 10.9%) were small. Prevalence of isolates resistant to sulfasomidine was detected decreasing (2001 – 43.8%, 2002 – 47.3% and 2003 – 29.1%).

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