scholarly journals Study of Optimum Cutting While Lathing Carbonate Steel VCN-150 Uses a Layered Carbide Chisel PVD on Dry and Wet Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.13) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Muksin R. Harahap ◽  
Ahmad Bakhori ◽  
Suhardi Napid ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq Yanhar ◽  
Abdurrozzaq Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Optimum Cutting ◽  
Wet Condition

To improve the productivity of this machining perhaps it may be recommended in a dry cutting but a dry cutting is recognized very sensitive to a high temperature. In this case, in order to overcome is perhaps required by using a tool carbide either in layers or without any layers whereby each layer has certain superior. There was conducted an experiment to have an optimum cutting on a carbon steel VCN-150 using a layers tool carbide  and Respond Surface Method (RSM) with a CCD operation. The result of study recommended that condition optimum cutting shall be achieved (When cutting tc ) on a medium machining refers to ISO 3685 and medium surface roughness (Ra ) ISO 1320. Statistically, there is no found significant difference between a dry and wet cutting on optimum dry condition.  

scholarly journals Study on Alloy Steel TEW 6582 Machined Surface Rougness Under Dry Machining

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.13) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Suhardi Napid ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq Yanhar ◽  
Ahmad Bakhori ◽  
Abdurrozzaq Hasibuan ◽  
Oris Krianto Sulaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Dry Machining ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Optimum Cutting

The purpose of research is to study the surface roughness of machining results obtained to give consideration that the possibility of dry machining can be realized at alloy steel machining of TEW 6582. In the field of surface texture only discuss the machined surface roughness with some testing that is processing and data analysis can be done statistically. The TEW 6582 alloy steel samples were produced from dry machining operations with 9 cutting forms using standard L 9 (34). In this case 3 variations of tool wear are determined by tool edge wear (VB) = 0.1 mm, 0.3 mm and 0.6 mm including also in wet machining. To cut the work piece used CNC machine, optical microscope and surface test . The roughness test was obtained the roughness value with dry machining for optimum cutting conditions ie HPK1.0.1 = 1,467 μm, HPK8,0.3  = 2,133 μm and HPK8,0.6 = 2,8 μm whereas value in wet machining was found with HPB1,0.1 = 1,581 μm, HPB8.0.3 = 2,304 μm and HPB8,0.6 = 2,906 μm. From the above machining results data, HPK8.06 can be determined as the most optimum cutting condition which can be concluded that dry machining gives better machining results  roughness through Ravg value and no significant difference is obtained when compared to wet machining after statistically analyzed, so that dry machining is a good chance that can be realized in manufacturing and automotive industries.  

Effects of Process Parameters on Surface Roughness and MRR in the hard turning of EN 36 steel

2018 ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
Amritpal Singh ◽  
Rakesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Control Parameter ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Dry Cutting

In the present study, Experimental investigation of the effects of various cutting parameters on the response parameters in the hard turning of EN36 steel under the dry cutting condition is done. The input control parameters selected for the present work was the cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. The objective of the present work is to minimize the surface roughness to obtain better surface finish and maximization of material removal rate for better productivity. The design of experiments was done with the help of Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find out the significance of the input parameters on the response parameters. Percentage contribution for each control parameter was calculated using ANOVA with 95 % confidence value. From results, it was observed that feed is the most significant factor for surface roughness and the depth of cut is the most significant control parameter for Material removal rate.

INFLUENCE THE QUENCHING AND TEMPERING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS, OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Sattar H A Alfatlawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

One of ways to improve properties of materials without changing the product shape toobtain the desired engineering applications is heating and cooling under effect of controlledsequence of heat treatment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofheating and cooling on the surface roughness, microstructure and some selected propertiessuch as the hardness and impact strength of Medium Carbon Steel which treated at differenttypes of heat treatment processes. Heat treatment achieved in this work was respectively,heating, quenching and tempering. The specimens were heated to 850°C and left for 45minutes inside the furnace as a holding time at that temperature, then quenching process wasperformed in four types of quenching media (still air, cold water (2°C), oil and polymersolution), respectively. Thereafter, the samples were tempered at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°Cwith one hour as a soaking time for each temperature, then were all cooled by still air. Whenthe heat treatment process was completed, the surface roughness, hardness, impact strengthand microstructure tests were performed. The results showed a change and clearimprovement of surface roughness, mechanical properties and microstructure afterquenching was achieved, as well as the change that took place due to the increasingtoughness and ductility by reducing of brittleness of samples.

Studying The Effect of a New Mixed Cutting Fluid on Surface Roughness

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (11A) ◽  
pp. 1593-1601
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Shaker ◽  
Salah K. Jawad ◽  
Maan A. Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speeds

This research studied the influence of cutting fluids and cutting parameters on the surface roughness for stainless steel worked by turning machine in dry and wet cutting cases. The work was done with different cutting speeds, and feed rates with a fixed depth of cutting. During the machining process, heat was generated and effects of higher surface roughness of work material. In this study, the effects of some cutting fluids, and dry cutting on surface roughness have been examined in turning of AISI316 stainless steel material. Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES) instead of other soluble oils has been used and compared to dry machining processes. Experiments have been performed at four cutting speeds (60, 95, 155, 240) m/min, feed rates (0.065, 0.08, 0.096, 0.114) mm/rev. and constant depth of cut (0.5) mm. The amount of decrease in Ra after the used suggested mixture arrived at (0.21µm), while Ra exceeded (1µm) in case of soluble oils This means the suggested mixture gave the best results of lubricating properties than other cases.

CARPENTER INVAR 36 ALLOY

Alloy Digest ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Technology Corporation ◽  
Carpenter Technology Corporation ◽  
Nickel Iron Alloy

Abstract Carpenter Invar 36 alloy is a 36% nickel-iron alloy with a rate of thermal expansion approximately one-tenth that of carbon steel at temperatures up to 204 deg C (400 deg F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance. Filing Code: FE-131. Producer or source: Carpenter Technology Corporation.

ATI 409HP

Alloy Digest ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
End Use ◽  
Oxidation And Corrosion

Abstract ATI 409HP (UNS S40900) ferritic stainless steel was introduced by ATI Allegheny Ludlum to provide improved oxidation and corrosion resistance for automotive exhaust systems in comparison to carbon steel. The alloy was designated "MF-1", indicating its end use: automotive mufflers. The good fabricability of this alloy, combined with its basic corrosion resistance and economy have significantly broadened the utility of ATI 409HP stainless steel. ATI 409HP consists of four grades: UNS S40900, S40910, S40920, and S40930. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1135. Producer or source: Allegheny Technologies Inc..

USS 1/2% Cr-1/2% Mo

Alloy Digest ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
United States Steel Corporation ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract USS 1/2% Cr-1/2% Mo is a low-alloy low-carbon steel recommended for use in steam service to reduce susceptibility to graphitization up to 950 F. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-245. Producer or source: United States Steel Corporation.

AK STEEL 409 ULTRA FORM

Alloy Digest ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Automotive Exhaust ◽  
Standard Type ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Complex Shapes

Abstract AK Steel 409 Ultra Form was created for applications needing oxidation or corrosion protection beyond the capability of carbon steel and some coated steels. AK Steel 409 Ultra Form is more formable than standard Type 409 stainless steel and is particularly suitable for parts requiring more complex shapes and improved weldability. Examples of applications include automotive exhaust tubing and stampings. This datasheet provides information on physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as deformation. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming and joining. Filing Code: SS-990. Producer or source: AK Steel, Butler Operations.

Preparation of WC-TiC-Ni3Al-CaF2 functionally graded self-lubricating tool material by microwave sintering and its cutting performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwen Tang ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Qiulin Niu ◽  
Guoqing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Cutting Performance ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Hard Alloys ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Lubricating Material ◽  
Heating Technology

AbstractWith the concern of the environment, green dry cutting technology is getting more and more attention and self-lubricating tool technology plays an important role in dry cutting. Due to the demand for high temperature performance of tools during dry cutting process, cemented carbide with Ni3Al as the binder phase has received extensive attention due to its excellent high temperature strength and high temperature oxidation resistance. In this paper, WC-TiC-Ni3Al-CaF2 graded self-lubricating material and tools were prepared by microwave heating method, and its microstructure, mechanical properties and cutting performance were studied. Results show that gradient self-lubricating material can be quickly prepared by microwave heating technology, and the strength is equivalent to that of conventional heating technology. CaF2 not only plays a role in self-lubrication, but also refines the grain of the material. A reasonable gradient design can improve the mechanical properties of the material. When the gradient distribution exponent is n1 = 2, the material has high mechanical properties. Cutting experiments show that the WC-TiC-Ni3Al-CaF2 functional gradient self-lubricating tool has better cutting performance than the homogeneous WC-TiC-Ni3Al hard alloys.

scholarly journals Bonding and Thermal Cycling Performances of Two (Poly)Aryl–Ether–Ketone (PAEKs) Materials to an Acrylic Denture Base Resin

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Yu Peng ◽  
Saiji Shimoe ◽  
Lih-Jyh Fuh ◽  
Chung-Kwei Lin ◽  
Dan-Jae Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Bonding Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aryl Ether Ketone ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Thermal Cycling Fatigue

Poly(aryl–ether–ketone) materials (PAEKs) are gaining interest in everyday dental practices because of their natural properties. This study aims to analyze the bonding performance of PAEKs to a denture acrylic. Testing materials were pretreated by grinding, sandblasting, and priming prior to polymerization with the denture acrylic. The surface morphologies were observed using a scanning electron microscope and the surface roughness was measured using atomic force microscopy. The shear bond strength (SBS) values were determined after 0 and 2500 thermal cycles. The obtained data were analyzed using a paired samples t-test and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test (α = 0.05). The surface characteristics of testing materials after different surface pretreatments showed obvious differences. PAEKs showed lower surface roughness values (0.02–0.03 MPa) than Co-Cr (0.16 MPa) and zirconia (0.22 MPa) after priming and sandblasting treatments (p < 0.05). The SBS values of PAEKs (7.60–8.38 MPa) met the clinical requirements suggested by ISO 10477 (5 MPa). Moreover, PAEKs showed significantly lower SBS reductions (p < 0.05) after thermal cycling fatigue testing compared to Co-Cr and zirconia. Bonding performance is essential for denture materials, and our results demonstrated that PAEKs possess good resistance to thermal cycling fatigue, which is an advantage in clinical applications. The results imply that PAEKs are potential alternative materials for the removable of prosthetic frameworks.

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