scholarly journals L’institutionnalisation de la communication publique

2017 ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
Amina Lasfar ◽  
Pierre Leroux
Keyword(s):  
Specific Area ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Specific Field ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Professional People ◽  
Cette Action

La revendication d’un domaine de la « communication publique » constitue une forme d’aboutissement d’un long processus de valorisation d’un domaine de compétence et d’exercice distinct d’autres professions proches et de reconnaissance d’une spécificité et d’un savoir-faire qui justifierait la revendication d’une labellisation en tant que profession. C’est en effet sous les termes de « communication publique » et de « communicants publics » que l’on désigne aujourd’hui en France un secteur d’activités pour l’essentiel constitué de professionnels rattachés aux institutions politiques et administratives. En combinant démarche compréhensive et objectivation, nous reviendrons, dans ce travail, sur les conditions sociopolitiques qui ont permis de poser progressivement, en France, les bases de reconnaissance de l’existence d’une « nouvelle » profession, pour nous intéresser ensuite aux enjeux de l’institutionnalisation des métiers de la communication publique à travers la contribution de la principale association de « professionnels de la communication publique » (Cap’Com), en mettant l’accent sur la portée et les limites de cette action ainsi que les modèles dont elle s’est inspirée pour son travail de légitimation professionnelle. The identification of a specific field of “Public Communication” marks the end of a long process in which the existence of a set of skills quite distinct from those of other related and/or competing professions has finally been recognised. It also acknowledges the specific area of expertise that justifies its claim to be classed as a “profession”. Indeed, in France today the terms “public communication” and “public communicator” are used to denote a sector of the economy that is composed mainly of professional people working for political and administrative institutions. Approaching the subject comprehensively and objectively, this study examines the socio-political conditions that laid the foundations in France for the gradual recognition of a “new” profession. We then consider the issues surrounding the institutionalisation of public communication professions by looking at the contribution made by the principal association of “public communications professionals” (Cap’Com), while emphasising the extent and limits of its activities and the models that provided the inspiration for its work in placing the profession on a legitimate footing.  

Syrian - Lebanese economic relations 1958 – 2000

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Economic Exchange ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

In the midst of dangerous circumstances and events and the thorny relations between Syria and Lebanon ,the issue of Syrian – Lebanese economic relations 1958 – 2000 came to confirm the depth of the relationship between the two counties and indicate the political tensions and the shadows it casts on economic relations. Perhaps the Syrian – Lebanese relations are among the strangest relations that exist between two countries or Even between two peoples , although it brings together a lot of special circumstances that are difficult to find in other countries , any event , even if it is fleeting , can be exploited in a way that harms the essence of the relationship in which interests may intersect between two ordinary countries that do not have any connection of historical weight or A specific geography , the Syrian – Lebanese relationship is , by virtue of history , concurrent with the emergence of the two states as political entities . This reason and others prompted me to choose this topic , which embodies the volume of trade and economic exchange between the two countries and clearly embodies the repercussions of the relationship , which passes from one period to another in a state of ebb and flow . This study sheds light on the economic relations between the two countries , although it is difficult to ignore the impact of the political conditions on them , as they are the main engine , and the decline in economic relations is only a reaction to the crisis policy in many cases . in writing this research , the researcher used the descriptive method of history , and he used an important number of sources that enriched the subject , such as the Lebanese – Syrian relations of the authors Antoine AL-Nashef and Khalil AL-Hindi , as well as the Lebanese – Syrian relations1985 -1943 issued by the Lebanese Documentation and Research Center and last but not least l hope this study will be successful in terms of providing information and facts to the lraqi offices and contributing to their enrichment and providing assistance to the lraqi researcher .

scholarly journals The Nature and Prevalence of Pain in Dreams

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio L Zadra ◽  
Tore A Nielsen ◽  
Anne Germain ◽  
Gilles Lavigne ◽  
DC Donderi
Keyword(s):  
Specific Area ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Experienced Pain ◽  
Retrospective Recall ◽  
Dream State ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Larger Sample

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the frequency and nature of pain in dreams. Several authors have suggested that pain may be beyond the representational capability of dreaming.OBJECTIVE: To obtain more detailed information on the nature and prevalence of pain in a larger sample of everyday dreams collected through home logs. To examine the context within which dreamed pain occurs and to assess participants' retrospective recall of past experiences of pain in dreams.METHOD: One hundred and eighty-five participants completed a battery of questionnaires and recorded their dreams for two consecutive weeks.RESULTS: Retrospective responses to the questionnaire indicate that close to 50% of individuals report having experienced pain in their dreams at least once. A total of 3045 dreams were reported in the home dream logs. Eighteen of these dreams contained unambiguous references to the subject experiencing pain.DISCUSSION: Pain sensations in dreams are reported as being realistic, localized to a specific area of the body, typically resulting from violent encounters with other characters and often accompanied by intense affect. A model is proposed to explain how sensory experiences such as pain can be produced in the dream state.CONCLUSION: Cognitive systems that contribute to the representation of pain imagery are sometimes functional during dreaming.

scholarly journals Phenomenon of androgyne as «post-gender»: psychological and philosophical analysis

2014 ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
E. Shishlova
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Individual Feature ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
The People ◽  
Psychological Gender ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Conditions

The article considers psychological aspects of androgynous, dual human nature promoting harmonious relationship among the people, interaction between feminity and masculinity. The concepts of androgyne, androgynity and androgynization which correspond to cultural and socio-political conditions of traditional, modern and post-modern society are introduced. The article examines the history and evolution of the phenomenon of androgyne in ancient mythology, medieval religious philosophy, modern philosophy, present-day psychological science and practice. The author comes to the conclusion that there are two kinds of psychological androgynity: symbolic and real. The real androgynity became the subject of special psychological researches, caused the renunciation of the symbolic one and can be regarded as an important individual feature and human advantage. The transformation of the concept of androgyne is analyzed: from its interpretation as а first man to divine, ritual, psychological androgyne finally regarded as a "post-gender". The results of the study on "Psychological gender in socio-cultural dimension" conducted under the auspices of the Laboratory for Sociological Researches of MGIMO-University (School of International Journalism) are presented.

scholarly journals Political and Historical Determinants of the Differentiation of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems of Agritourism in Poland and Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10487
Author(s):  
Jan A. Wendt ◽  
Sergey V. Pashkov ◽  
Elżbieta Mydłowska ◽  
Agnieszka Bógdał-Brzezińska
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Short History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Entrepreneurship Ecosystems ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Former Ussr

(1) Background: In the context of differences among countries developing pre-entrepreneurship ecosystems in relation to agritourism, the need to define the specific challenges and facilitators in the group of post-communist countries is recognised. Given that, we aim to examine the differences between the countries belonging to the former USSR and the satellite countries of the former USSR. (2) Methods: For the realisation of the intended objective, we analysed studies of the literature on the subject, in terms of the theoretical treatment of the entrepreneurial eco-system in the field of agritourism, and current legal acts. Our own observations from stays in the regions in question were also used, along with statistical methods concerning the density of the transport network, comparative analysis of historical and political conditions, and SWOT analysis. (3) Results: Substantial differences were found between the components of the agritourism entrepreneurship ecosystem in Poland and Kazakhstan, primarily related to the level of transport infrastructure density (satisfactory in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, insufficient in North Kazakhstan), tradition of individual farming (well established in Poland, poorly present in Kazakhstan), support for agritourism development by central and local authorities (relatively high in Poland, incidental and with a short history in Kazakhstan), and finally, differences in the target group of agritourism service recipients (stable in Poland, undefined in Kazakhstan). (4) Conclusions: The research leads to the conclusion of the heterogeneity of the determinants of the development of the agritourism entrepreneurship ecosystem in countries collectively defined as post-communist. There are clearly different challenges and facilitations resulting not so much from the past political system as from the ethnic-historical considerations, the position of agriculture in the economy, and the degree and effectiveness of the involvement of administrative authorities in the development of agritourism. The study leads to a recommendation on the need for more efficient targeting of agritourism consumers abroad.

Beat Journalism and Reporting

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Magin ◽  
Peter Maurer
Keyword(s):  
News Coverage ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Online Journalism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Journalism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Beat reporting refers to thematic specialization and routines (places to go, people to see) in journalism. The term reflects the distinction between general assignment reporters and specialized (beat) reporters covering a specific area (beat) as well as the subject-matter or geographic divisions between areas of reporting by which media organizations seek to structure the social environment they cover. Beat reporting marks the beginning of modern journalism. It was invented at the end of the 19th century in the United States with the aim to increase the efficiency of journalistic work. Thus it relates to the professionalization and rationalization of newspaper journalism and the transformation of newspapers into a mass product. In everyday work, beat reporting has undeniable advantages. It saves resources since beat reporters are very experienced on their beat and know well where and how to get exactly the information they need. Due to their long-term relationship of trust with relevant sources, beat reporters obtain exclusive, trustworthy, and newsworthy information. Along with this specialization come, however, several challenges; for example, the diversity of views represented in a beat might be limited, which can also affect the diversity of news coverage. At the extreme, this can even lead to pack journalism as a form of groupthink. Concerning the reporter–source relationship, there are three risks of losing professional distance: (a) If beat reporters become too loyal toward their sources, they can be instrumentalized; (b) being too adversarial toward their sources might entail a loss of trust and an increasing cynicism of the audience; (c) if beat reporters start feeling like advocates of their own interests, they might behave as activists rather than detached observers. Most recently, online journalism has changed the understanding of beat journalism (e.g., data journalism, local online beat) compared to the traditional understanding. Research on beat journalism has so far focused on stable, high-income democracies and on the political beat as the most fundamental and prominent beat.

Rashid Rida’s Efforts in Calling for Muslim Unity and Political Reform

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-189
Author(s):  
Nayel Musa Shaker Al Omari
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
Religious Reform ◽  
Present Discussion ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Conditions

This paper is an attempt to cover some aspects of MuÍammad RashÊd RiÌÉ's role in political and religious reform during the first half of the twentieth century. It endeavours to answer enquiries regarding the degree of his involvement in political thought as well as in the vital historical transformations that the Islamic world was undergoing during that period. The writer has chosen RiÌÉ as the subject of the present discussion because he is considered one of those reformers whose call for reform and Muslim unity was envisioned within the framework of the Islamic caliphate under the guidance of the values and goals of the Holy Qur’Én. In addition, in his book ØaÍwat al-Rajul al-MarÊÌ wa al SulÏÉn ÑAbd al-×amÊd al-ThÉnÊ wa al-KhilÉfah al-IslÉmiyyah (1984), Muwaffaq BanÊ al-Marjah claimed Rida was influenced by Masoniry. This paper proves that he was not influenced by the Masonic and colonialist ideas that were widespread during that period and which were adopted by some reformers. These ideas called for abolishing and dividing the Ottoman caliphate and establishing a new one. In his discussion, the writer shall briefly address RiÌÉ’s educational and political role and his stance toward al-Azhar and the translation of the Holy Qur’Én. Brief discussion shall also be made of RiÌÉ’s role in promoting reform and unity through al-ManÉr Journal, his stance toward the removal of Sultan ÑAbd al-×amÊd, political conditions of his era and his stance toward the Ottoman authority (1898-1909) as well as his stance against the nationalists (1911-1912).

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-366
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Sick Child ◽  
Social Growth ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sex Attitudes ◽  
Home And School ◽  
Professional People

TO THE busy practitioner working with six to 12-year olds and their parents, the new booklet YOUR CHILD FROM SIX TO TWELVE, put out by the Federal Children's Bureau, will be a welcome aid. To those who have searched for materials about these children, it is evident that far too little has been written about them and particularly about their emotional and social growth and development at this period. Yet six to 12-year-old youngsters account for more than a third of all the nation's 45 million children. While this new booklet of the Children's Bureau was prepared primarily for parents, YOUR CHILD FROM SIX TO TWELVE has much to commend it to physicians, nurses, and other professional people working with children. The book attempts successfully to appraise the six to 12-year old in his own home—exactly the subject with which physicians, nurses, and other professional people are so often confronted. And certainly few physicians have the time to answer the many questions that parents ask. Katharine F. Lenroot, Chief of the Children's Bureau, has summarized the purpose and scope of the book very well when she has said:"The booklet offers no magic formula to parents on the care of their children. But it does help us see why children between six and 12 behave the way they do. Why they want to do some things and not others. What their physical and mental limitations are. How their abilities can best be developed as they grow older. Above all, the booklet shows how children at this age need and respond to real understanding and respect." This booklet, like others prepared by the Children's Bureau for parents, is written in a quite informal style and has many common sense suggestions about dealing with children of these ages. Some of the things discussed are: What six to 12-year olds are like, what successful parenthood involves, how families influence children's social adjustments, what play means in the life of a child, helping children make the most of their mental ability, when home and school get together, fear, worries and frustrations, pursuits and hobbies, developing wholesome sex attitudes, growth in middle childhood, keeping the child healthy, and the sick child.

(Re)producing elites: meritocracy, the state and the politics of the curriculum in Singapore

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonel Lim
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
The State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Mainstream School

This chapter first examines how the logic of meritocracy in Singapore vacillates between its elitist and egalitarian dimensions. Drawing upon ethnographic data from an elite and a mainstream school, it then develops an analysis of how one specific area of the curriculum – critical thinking – embodies this tension, specifying distinct knowledges and competencies for different students. The chapter argues that even as critical thinking is taught to all students, what often remains obfuscated are the ways through which the ideology of meritocracy acts to selectively recontextualize both the form and content of the subject in the process of its transmission.

Markteintritt in Russland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Popov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Market Entry ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
High Degree

This book offers detailed explanations and useful advice to many questions related to entering the Russian market, as the Russian Federation is a worthwhile country for profitable investments. The relevant areas include economic and political conditions, market entry options, taxes, personnel matters, customs, and certification. The high degree of topicality is based on the latest Russian legislation and international political and economic developments. In this way, investors are given both the breadth of the subject matter at hand and the depth by structuring the legal situation and providing clear summaries.

The Contemporary Significance of the Doctrine of Just War

1964 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Just War ◽  
International System ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Politics And Law

After an eclipse of nearly two centuries, the ancient doctrine of Yst war has received renewed attention and interest in the twentieth century, primarily as the result of two conditions in the contemporary world. First, a new international system has come into being, replacing the European balance-of-power system of the recent past; and, secondly, modern technology has created military weapons without precedent in destructive capabilities, thereby radically altering the techniques and even the rationale of warfare. It will be the purpose of this article to examine the current status of the doctrine of just war to determine its viability for modern international politics and law. Specifically, the intent is to determine how relevant the doctrine may be to the two characteristic political conditions of our era just noted. A very brief historical review of the doctrine's development and demise will permit a fuller discussion of modern attitudes toward the subject.1

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