scholarly journals Assessment of Airborne Fungi in Childrens Hospital Located in Kolkata India

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
Debasmita Ghosh Dhar ◽  
Priyanka Dhar ◽  
Ashok Kumar Das ◽  
Naim Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Fungal spores contribute significant concentration in the bioaerosol of various environmental conditions which may have potential health threats. Our study was aimed at determining the presence of disseminating airborne fungi in a pediatric government hospital in Kolkata. The study was started from the post-monsoon to the middle winter (August to December 2008) in the indoor and outdoor environment of the hospital with temperature and humidity ranges of 11.2 °C-35.2 °C and 70 per cent-90 per cent, respectively. Air sampling was performed at 14 days intervals during the daytime following the gravitation settling method, and the fungal colonies were identified based on micro and macro morphological characteristics. The percentage contribution of individual fungal species from the outdoor section and indoor units (Newborn Baby Ward, Respiratory Care Unit, Step Down Ward, Thalassemia Care Unit) of the hospital environment was calculated. We observed profound aeromycofloral diversity where the outdoor environment was mostly colonised by sterile hyphae (16.43 %) along with the allergenic Aspergillus fumigatus (13.6 %) and Penicillium sp. (12.32 %). Conversely, an abundance of Cladosporium herbarum (24.7 %) and Penicillium sp. (17.85 %) followed by Aspergillus sp. (12.9 %) and sterile hyphae (14.51 %) were found in different indoor units. Our results showed the diversity of airborne mycoflora which promotes the trend to health difficulties and thus the hospital environment monitoring along with proper control measures is essential.

scholarly journals Assessment of Viable Fungi in Indoor Air: A Case Study from Tagore’s Residence at Jorasanko, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subarna Bhattacharyya ◽  
Debleena Mukherjee ◽  
Paushali Sarkar ◽  
Sreya Ghosh ◽  
Barnali Samaddar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Rabindranath Tagore ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Indoor environment is significant with respect to human health especially if it is concerned when the building is v. Aim of very old. In the present study was to assess the presence of airborne fungi at an old building in Kolkata India where lots of tourists are exposed every day. Residence of famous Nobel laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore (built in the 18th century and presently used as a famous museum) in Kolkata, West Bengal was selected for this study and the indoor fungi from different room of the museum were assessed by using exposure plate technique. Humidity, temperature, wind speed and illuminance were also measured by hygrometer, thermometer anemometer and lux-meter respectively. The fungal species isolated from the air samples of different rooms were Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Paecilomyces sp., Trichoderma sp, Alternaria sp Verticillium sp, Fusarium sp, Cladosporium sp, Yeast, Curvularia sp. and Helminthosporium sp. among them, Aspergillus sp. (71.4% at monsoon at library), Penicillium sp (57% at summer at library), Paecilomyces sp.(91% at monsoon at manuscript room) are mostly dominated pathogens, which may harm the workers and visitors of the museum. No significant correlation among colony forming unit of fungi with illuminance, wind speed and temperature in the tested indoor environment was noted whereas, the humidity in indoor environment played a crucial (P<0.05) role. Round the year humidity control may be required for maintaining healthy environment.

scholarly journals Qualitative Analysis of Indoor and Outdoor Airborne Fungi in Cowshed

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pavan ◽  
K. Manjunath
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Outdoor Area ◽  
Monthly Incidence ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Air pollution is one of the most serious problems to human health. Fungi are the causal agents for different diseases in animals, plants, and human beings. Otomycosis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, allergy, and systemic mycosis are among the fungal diseases caused. The present study was conducted to analyze the monthly incidence of airborne fungi, seasonal variation, and influence of meteorological parameters in indoor and outdoor fungi of cowshed at Hesaraghatta village, Bangalore. An aeromycological survey of indoor and outdoor area of cowshed at Hesaraghatta village in Bangalore city was carried out using the Andersen two-stage sampler onto a petri dish containing malt extract agar from January 2011 to December 2011. Altogether, 29 species belonging to 13 genera from indoor and 26 species belonging to 12 genera were recorded from outdoor environment of the cowshed; the dominant fungal species identified were Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Alternaria alternata. Seasonal occurrence of fungal spores in both indoor and outdoor of the cowshed revealed that maximum spores were recorded in summer season followed by winter and rainy season.

scholarly journals Bio-Monitoring of airborne fungi and antifungal activity of Clerodendrum infortanum L. against dominant fungi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinto Karmakar ◽  
Biren Jamatia ◽  
Sanjit Debnath ◽  
Panna Das ◽  
Ajay Krishna Saha
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Qualitative Estimation

The present study provides baseline information on the quantitative and qualitative estimation of aeromycoflora. Burkard personal airsampler and Anderson two stage airsampler were used to detect the quantitative and qualitative estimation of aeromycoflora. 17 non-viable fungal spores were recorded with the aid of Burkard personal airsampler and 12 viable fungal genera were detected using Anderson two stage airsampler. Higher concentration airborne fungi observed in the month of March. Aspergillus sp, Ascospore, Basidiospore, Curvularia sp, Alternaria sp were found to be Nigrospora sp most predominant nonviable fungal genera whereas dominant viable genera were Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp, Cladosporium sp, Curvularia sp, Trichoderma sp and  Fusarium sp in both the environments. The result of antifungal potential of Clerodendrum infortunatum showed highest efficacy against Aspergillus sp followed by Penicillium sp and Fusarium sp. This present study provided the baseline information about the viable and non-viable concentration in the study sites. Besides the outcomes of this study along with the insightful explanation could aptly provide basis for strategizing effective preventive measures against airborne-fungi. Those are responsible for causing different agricultural crops diseases and human respiratory ailments.

scholarly journals First Speleomycological Study on the Occurrence of Psychrophilic and Psychrotolerant Aeromycota in the Brestovská Cave (Western Tatras Mts., Slovakia) and First Reports for Some Species at Underground Sites

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Rafał Ogórek ◽  
Mateusz Speruda ◽  
Justyna Borzęcka ◽  
Agata Piecuch ◽  
Magdalena Cal
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
First Report

Most underground ecosystems are heterotrophic, fungi in these objects are dispersed in the air in the form of spores, and they may be potentially hazardous to mammals. Research in underground sites has focused on mesophilic airborne fungi and only a few concerned cold-adapted species. Therefore, the goal of our research was the first report of psychrophilic and psychrotolerant aeromycota in the Brestovská Cave using culture-based techniques with genetic and phenotypic identification. Plates with PDA medium containing sampled biological material were incubated at 8 ± 0.5 °C. The density of mycobiota inside the cave ranged from 37.4 to 71 CFU 1 m−3 of air and 63.3 CFU 1 m−3 of air outside the cave. Thus, the level of fungal spores did not exceed the standards for the mycological quality of the air. A total of 18 species were isolated during the study, and some species may be potentially dangerous to people with weakened immune system. All fungal species were present inside the cave and only seven of them were outside. Cladosporium cladosporioides dominated in the external air samples and Mortierella parvispora was cultured most frequently from internal air samples. To our knowledge, this is the first discovery of the fungal species such as Coniothyrium pyrinum, Cystobasidium laryngis, Filobasidium wieringae, Leucosporidium drummii, M. parvispora, Mrakia blollopis, Nakazawaea holstii, and Vishniacozyma victoriae in the air inside the underground sites. Moreover, C. pyrinum, C. laryngis, L. drummii, M. blollopis, and N. holstii have never been detected in any component of the underground ecosystems. There are possible reasons explaining the detection of those species, but global warming is the most likely.

An Assessement of the Air Quality in Apple Warehouses : New Record of Aspergillus Europaeus, Aspergillus Pulverulentus, Penicillium Allii and Penicllium Sumatraense as Decay Agents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa SMIRI ◽  
Amina KHEIREDDINE ◽  
Rania Hammami ◽  
Mustapha ROUISSI ◽  
Eduardo Antonio Espeso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Gravity Settling

Abstract Airborne fungi are one of the major components of aeromycobiota known to produce several fungal diseases in fruits. Their presence in indoor environment of warehouses may limit the storage period of apples. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of airborne fungal spores were conducted using gravity settling techniques to detect fungal airspora present in the atmosphere of two apple warehouses in Tunisia. In this study, 375 fungal isolates were obtained and purified. Phylogenetic analysis of Calmodulin, beta-tubulin and ITS regions coupled with phenotypic characterization helped to identify fifteen fungal species. Penicillium exhibited the highest diversity with ten species detected (Penicillium expansum, Penicillium allii, Penicillium polonicum, Penicillium solitum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium steckii, Penicillium viridicatum, Penicillium sumatraense, Penicillium italicum and Penicillium citrinum), followed by four species of Aspergillus genus (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus pulverulentus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus europaeus) and Alternaria alternata. In vivo experiments confirmed the pathogenicity of thirteen species at room temperature and under cold-storage conditions. Among them, A. europaeus, A. pulverulentus, P. allii and P. Sumatraense were described for the first time as pathogenic on apples. The present study identified the major airborne fungi associated with postharvest rot in apple storage facilities in Tunisia and may help in efficient control of post-harvest and storage fruit diseases.

scholarly journals Isolasi dan Identifikasi Kapang Pelarut Fosfat dari Fosfat Guano Gua Pawon

Biota ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
Anggita Rahmi Hafsari
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
West Java ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia

The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify phosphate solubilizing Fungi from phosphate guano in Pawon Cave, Karst area, Citatah, West Java. The research design was descriptive. The data obtained were presented descriptively based on macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics and the result of qualitative phosphate capability screening on pikovskaya medium. The results showed that there were five isolates in the phosphate guano in Pawon Cave. Karst area, which were Penicillium sp. PF1, Aspergillus sp. PF2, Aspergillus sp. PF3, Mycelia sterilia, and Mucor sp. Based on the screening test, there were two isolates which could solubilize the phosphate, Aspergillus sp. PF3 and Mucor sp.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Pericopsis elata (Assamela) to heartwood decay and identification of micro and macro fungi associated with the disease in Cameroon

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1751
Author(s):  
Djeugap Fovo Joseph ◽  
Ngoune Djouke Patrick Francky ◽  
Ntabe Ngbanye Eric ◽  
Gweth Likaa René Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Tropical Timber ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
First Time

Heartwood decay is one of the major pathological constraints affecting the quality and marketable volume of tropical timber. A study on its behavior was conducted on Pericopsis elata in order to contribute to its sustainable management in Cameroon. Tree susceptibility to heartwood decay was evaluated using three diameter classes, based on allometric equations between decayed and healthy trees. Wood samples and visible macromycetes were taken from living and felled trees with an auger. Isolation of microfungi was performed on potato dextrose agar medium and their identification was based on the morphological and microscopic characteristics of the mycelium and conidia with reference to identification keys of mycology. Identification of macromycetes was based on their morphological characteristics as described in reference books on macromycetes identification. Results show that diameter class ]110, 120[ presented highly significant (P<0.05) volume loss (3755.96 cm3), followed by diameter class ]100, 110[. Microfungi frequently associated with heartwood decay of P. elata were Cercospora sp (24.57%), Fusarium oxysporum (12.64%) and Penicillium sp (12.58%) in living decay trees and Aspergillus niger (25.19%), Cercospora sp (22.21%), Penicillium sp (17.69%) and Phoma sp (15.05%) in felled decay trees. Macrofungi associated with living trees were Inonotus sp and Ganoderma sp. This is the first time that these fungal species are reported on P. elata wood. This study provides baseline information for the study of heartwood decay and management of P. elata in Cameroon.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mycotic agents isolated from skin lesions of trade horses in Obollor-Afor, Enugu State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
O.N. Okoroafor ◽  
E. Aneru ◽  
J.I. Eze ◽  
I.C. Chukwudi ◽  
T. Anagor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microsporum Fulvum ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

The study was aimed at identifying mycotic agents that colonize skin lesions in trade horses found in south eastern Nigeria. Skin scrapings were collected from seventy (70) horses with skin lesions in Obollo -Afor market, Enugu state, south eastern Nigeria. Portions of the skin specimen were treated with 10% KOH for microscopic identification of typical hyphae. Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) slants, supplemented with cycloheximide were used as a standard substrate for the cultures. Cultures were incubated aerobically for 2 weeks at 37°C and were observed daily for growth of fungi isolates. Identification of fungal species was done based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. From the seventy (70) skin scraping samples studied, fifty-six (56) species of fungi belonging to 6 genera were recovered in different frequencies including Aspergillus sp (54%), Mucor spp (32%), Rhizopus oryzae (7%), Penicilium marneffi (2%), Microsporum fulvum (2%) and Tricophyton equinium (4%). More of the isolates were from the female horses than male horses. At p > 0.05 there was no significant difference in the distribution of fungal isolates between females and male horses. The season of the year had no notable impact on the occurrence or frequency of isolation of the fungi. The isolated dermatophytes may be possible aetiological agents of dermatomycoses in horses, while the Saprobes isolated may be contaminants associated with skin infections in horses. These mycotic agents isolated are not known to primarily, affect humans however there may be a possibility of transmission to human and other susceptible animals that cohabit with these horses. Keywords: Equine, Mycotic agent, Prevalence, Skin lesion

scholarly journals Seed-borne fungi of soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr) in the guinea savannah agroecology of Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladimeji Ahmed ◽  
Olusegun Balogun ◽  
Oluyemisi Fawole ◽  
Oluwatoyin Fabiyi ◽  
Aliyu Hussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Methods Of Isolation

Seed health testing of fifteen soybean cultivars obtained from five locations in the Guinea Savannah agro-ecology of Nigeria was carried out using two main seed health testing methods described by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA); the standard blotter and two variants of agar plate incubation method (Potato Dextrose Agar and Czapeck Dox Agar plate methods) to determine the seed infection by fungi. Seed component plating was also carried out to determine the most active site of infection of the seeds by the fungi. Five fungal species were isolated from the cultivars tested. The percentage of seeds infected with Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. was significantly different (p<0.05) among the cultivars, with the highest value standing at 15.20 percent of Fusarium sp. and 8.54 percent of Penicillium sp. in cultivars MSJ and FSSBu, respectively. The difference in the methods of isolation was also significant (p<0.05) and the agar (PDA) plate method was the most efficient in the isolation of Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Phomopsis sp. The efficiency of the other methods of isolation however varied for the different organisms. The cotyledon was observed to be the most active site of infection with thirteen of the fifteen tested cultivars showing 40-100% of infection of the cotyledons. The need for soybean seed health testing before their distribution to farmers is made manifest in this study.

scholarly journals A Reliable and Sensitive Method Using Cyclic Voltammetry for the Detection of Airborne Fungi

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Jörg Ettenauer ◽  
Karen Zuser ◽  
Sandra Pfeiffer ◽  
Dominique Cserna ◽  
Martin Brandl
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Current Signal ◽  
Output Current ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Short Time

Fungi are widespread throughout the environment and can cause health as well as indoor problems. One of the most common fungi involved in building damage are Aspergillus sp. This study describes a rapid method for the detection of fungal spores. It is based on the ability of fungi to produce the enzyme cellulase, which can cleave the substrate Aminophenyl-β-d-cellobioside (APC) resulting into 4-Aminophenyl (AP). This cleavage product can then be oxidized leading to an increased output current signal. In the experimental setup several growth media and different parameters were tested over time, for instance growth conditions like pH or incubation temperature. Furthermore, various spore concentrations, which are related to the cellulase activities, were examined. This method presents a technique that makes it possible to specifically detect low concentrations of fungi spores in short time.

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