scholarly journals Tensile Performance of a Novel Glue-Laminated Cornstalk Scrimber

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Wei Tian ◽  
Yongmei Qian ◽  
Ruozhu Wang ◽  
Yiming Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Tensile Performance

Glue-laminated cornstalk scrimber is a novel composite to substitute timber. This composite can be prepared in three steps: selecting flawless cornstalks, laying them parallel to grain, and gluing the scrimbers under high pressure. Compared with ordinary timber, glue-laminated cornstalk scrimber excels in the resistance to water, damping, insect, and fire. It is therefore widely recognized as novel eco-friendly and cost- effective composite with great potential in the building industry. The tensile strength of glue-laminated cornstalk scrimber mainly depends on the parallel-to-grain strength of its fibers. The mechanical performance parallel to grain directly determines that of this composite. Hence, this paper carries out experimental analysis on the Young’s moduli and parallel-to-grain tensile strengths of cornstalk scrimber and glue-laminated cornstalk scrimber. The results show that the load-strain curve of glue-laminated cornstalk scrimber basically changed linearly parallel to grain, and the material exhibited stable Young’s modulus and good strength; the glue-laminated cornstalk scrimber had a slightly higher tensile strength than cornstalk scrimber, and could thus replace timber as a building material.

scholarly journals Mechanical performance of biodegradable hemp shivs and corn starch-based biocomposite boards

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arūnas Kremensas ◽  
Agnė Kairytė Kairytė ◽  
Saulius Vaitkus ◽  
Sigitas Vėjelis ◽  
Giedrius Balčiūnas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Wood Polymer

For the production of traditional building materials, excavated natural resources are used. The production process of such materials requires high-energy demands, wherefore, high amounts of CO2 gases, which have a great impact on climate change, are emitted. Only a small part of such materials is effectively recycled and reused. Generally, they are transported to landfills, which rapidly expand and may pollute the soil, groundwater and air. Currently, a great attention is paid to the production of novel building materials. The aim is to use as less excavated materials as possible and replace them by natural renewable resources. Therefore, the recycling and utilisation at the end of life cycle of such materials would be easier and generation of waste would reduce. This way, the efforts of switching to circular economy are being put. One of the approaches – wider application of vegetable-based raw materials (cultivated and uncultivated agricultural plants). The usage of fibre hemp shives (HS) as an aggregate and corn stach (CS) as a binding material allows development of biocomposite boards (WPCs) which could contribute to the solution of the before mentioned problems. Bio-sourced materials combined with a polymer matrix offer an interesting alternative to traditional building materials. To contribute to their wider acceptance and application, an investigation into the use of wood-polymer composite boards is presented. In this study, biocomposite boards for the building industry are reported. WPCa are fabricated using a dry incorporation method of corn starch and HS treatment with water at 100 °C. The amount of CS and the size of the HS fraction are evaluated by means of compressive, bending and tensile strength, as well as microstructure. The results show that the rational amount of CS, independently on HS fraction, is 10 wt.%. The obtained WPCs have compressive stress at 10% of deformation in the range of (2.4–3.0) MPa, bending of (4.4–6.3) MPa and tensile strength of (0.23– 0.45) MPa. Additionally, the microstructural analysis shows that 10 wt.% of CS forms a sufficient amount of contact zones that strengthen the final product. The obtained average density (~319–408 kg/m3) indicate that, according to European normative document EN 316, WPCs can be classified as softboards and used as self-bearing structural material for building industry. Based on the requirements, WPCs can be applied in dry and humid conditions for the internal and external uses without loading (EN 622-4, section 4.2) or as load-bearing boards in dry and humid conditions for instantaneous or short-term load duration (EN 622-4, section 4.3).

Effect of Ti Addition on Mechanical Properties of High Pressure Die Cast Al-Mg-Si Alloys

2013 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou Xun Ji ◽  
Douglas Watson ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Mark White ◽  
Zhong Yun Fan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Hot Tearing ◽  
Titanium Addition ◽  
Die Cast ◽  
Cast Condition ◽  
Ti Addition

Titanium significantly improves the mechanical properties, especially the ductility of a diecast Al5Mg1.5Si0.6Mn alloy. When a titanium addition of 0.20 wt.% is made the elongation in the as-cast condition is increased from 11% to 18% and the yield strength is increased from 136 MPa to 157 MPa and the ultimate tensile strength from 296 MPa to 308 MPa. The improved mechanical performance can be attributed to the reduced tendency for hot tearing due to Ti addition.

Effect of Blending Modification on Tensile Performance of CPE/PVC

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1732-1735
Author(s):  
Xiao Ling Xie ◽  
Wen Hai Li ◽  
Ying Hui Wei
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pressing Temperature ◽  
Chlorinated Polyethylene ◽  
Breaking Elongation ◽  
Tensile Performance

The samples were modified by using chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) to increase the toughness and using dioctyl phthalate (DOP) to increase the plasticity. The tensile strength and breaking elongation of the samples were studied by changing the chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) contents and the hot-pressing temperature. It was shown by the test results that, with the increase of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) contents, the tensile strength of the samples was decreased while the breaking elongation was increased. By increasing the hot-pressing temperature, the blending effect between polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) as well as the mechanical performance of the samples were increased, however, over-high hot-pressing temperature would result in plasticizer precipitation.

scholarly journals Circular building with raw earth: a qualitative assessment of two cases in Belgium

2021 ◽  
Vol 855 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
E Pelicaen ◽  
B Janssens ◽  
E Knapen
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Raw Earth

Abstract The built environment puts high pressure on our planet, and a great deal is related to resource extraction, material production and waste generation. In the context of circular construction, buildings must be designed and built in order to keep our natural resources in closed material loops for as long as possible. Raw earth has regained attention in the building industry as an abundant, low-impact and highly recyclable building material. However, little is known and experienced about the implementation of raw earth in circular building design. Therefore, this research offers a better understanding of the circularity of earth architecture by assessing two contemporary Belgian cases. Based on literature, semi-structured interviews and the analysis of technical documents, the circularity of the two cases is qualitatively assessed at different scales and levels. It appears that circularity is highest on the material scale and lowest on the building scale for both cases. It is also found that earth as a building material does not easily fit in existing circular assessment frameworks. This investigation represents a contribution towards the development of design support for circular building with raw earth.

scholarly journals Effect of Low Temperatures on the Mechanical Performance of GFRC Modified by Low Carbon Cement

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Meimei Song ◽  
Chuanlin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Hydration Product ◽  
Ultimate Strain ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Bending Performance ◽  
Freeze Thaw

Glass fibre reinforced cement (GFRC) is a composite material with great ductility but it undergoes severe strength and ductility degradation with ageing. Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement is low carbon cement, and more importantly, it exhibits great potential to produce more ductile and durable GFRC. This study focuses on mechanical performance, e.g., compressive strength, stress-strain curve, and freeze-thaw resistance of CSA/GFRC as well as its microstructural characteristics under low temperatures. XRD was applied to investigate the hydration mechanism of CSA cement under −5°C, 0°C, and 5°C. It was found out that low-temperature environments have very little effect on the type of hydration products, and the main hydration product of hydrated CSA cement cured under low temperatures is ettringite. Moreover, low-curing temperatures have an adverse effect on the compressive strength developments of CSA/GFRC but the strength difference compared with that under 20°C reduces gradually with increasing curing ages. In terms of bending performance, both ultimate tensile strength and ultimate strain value indicate considerable degradation with ageing under low temperatures after 14 d. The ultimate strain value reduces to 0.34% at −5°C, 0.39% at 0°C, and 0.44% at 5°C compared with 0.51% for that cured at 20°C for 28 d. The tensile strength of samples cured at −5°C for 28 d is only 15.2 MPa, taking up only 40% of that under 20°C. CSA/GFRC also demonstrated great capability in the antifreeze-thaw performance, and the corresponding strength remains 95.9%, 94.7%, 94.2%, and 94.3%, respectively, for that cured under 20°C, 5°C, 0°C, and −5°C after 50 freeze-thaw cycles. Microstructural studies reveal that densification of the interfilamentary space with intermixtures of C-A-S-H and ettringite is the main reason that causes the degradation of CSA/GFRC, which may result in loss on flexibility when forces are applied, therefore reducing the post-peak toughness to some extent.

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance of Biodegradable Thermoplastic Polymer-Based Biocomposite Boards from Hemp Shivs and Corn Starch for the Building Industry

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arūnas Kremensas ◽  
Agnė Kairytė ◽  
Saulius Vaitkus ◽  
Sigitas Vėjelis ◽  
Giedrius Balčiūnas
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Hemp Shiv ◽  
Incorporation Method ◽  
Interesting Alternative

Bio-sourced materials combined with a polymer matrix offer an interesting alternative to traditional building materials. To contribute to their wider acceptance and application, an investigation into the use of wood-polymer composite boards is presented. In this study, biocomposite boards (BcB) for the building industry are reported. BcB are fabricated using a dry incorporation method of corn starch (CS) and hemp shiv (HS) treatment with water at 100 °C. The amount of CS and the size of the HS fraction are evaluated by means of compressive bending and tensile strength, as well as microstructure. The results show that the rational amount of CS independently of HS fraction is 10 wt.%. The obtained BcB have compressive stress at 10% of deformation in the range of 2.4–3.0 MPa, bending of 4.4–6.3 MPa, and tensile strength of 0.23–0.45 MPa. Additionally, the microstructural analysis shows that 10 wt.% of CS forms a sufficient amount of contact zones that strengthen the final product.

scholarly journals Behaviour of Polymers in High Pressure Environments as Applicable to the Hydrogen Infrastructure

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalini C. Menon ◽  
Alan M. Kruizenga ◽  
Kyle J. Alvine ◽  
Chris San Marchi ◽  
April Nissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Fuel Storage ◽  
Hydrogen Infrastructure ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

Polymeric materials have played a significant role in the adoption of a multi-materials approach towards the development of a safe and cost-effective solution for hydrogen fuel storage in Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs). Numerous studies exist with regards to the exposure of polymeric materials to gaseous hydrogen as applicable to the hydrogen infrastructure and related compression, storage, delivery, and dispensing operations of hydrogen at fueling stations. However, the behavior of these soft materials under high pressure hydrogen environments has not been well understood. This study involves exposure of select thermoplastic and elastomeric polymers to high pressure hydrogen (70–100 MPa) under static, isothermal, and isobaric conditions followed by characterization of physical properties and mechanical performance. Special attempt has been made to explain hydrogen effects on polymer properties in terms of polymer structure-property relationships, and also understand the influential role played by additives such as fillers, plasticizers, and processing aids in polymers exposed to hydrogen. Efforts have also been focused on deriving suitable conditions of static testing in high pressure hydrogen environments as a valuable part of developing a suitable test methodology for such systems. Understanding the relationships between polymer composition and microstructure, time of exposure, rate of depressurization, purge and exposure conditions, etc. in this simple study will help better define the test parameters for upcoming high pressure cycling experiments in hydrogen.

Effect of Y2O3 on Mechanical Properties of Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr for Biomedical Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2138-2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Song ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi ◽  
Harumi Tsutsumi ◽  
Toshikazu Akahori ◽  
Masaaki Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Good Balance ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Β Phase

Y2O3 was added to β-type Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) in order to achieve excellent mechanical performance and low Young’s modulus. TNTZ specimens with 0.05%–1.0% Y are all found to be composed of a β phase. Young’s moduli of TNTZ with 0.05–1.0% Y are all maintained low, and are almost the same as that of TNTZ without Y2O3. The grain size of TNTZ with 0.05%–1.0% Y is smaller than that of TNTZ without Y2O3. Moreover, Y2O3 precipitates can prevent the texture movement, and this effect becomes more obvious with an increase in the Y concentration. The tensile strength of TNTZ is successfully improved by adding Y2O3. TNTZ specimens with 0.2% and 1.0% Y exhibit good balance between the tensile strength and the elongation.

Effect of Polyethylene Glycol in Nanocellulose/PLA Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Wanasorn Somphol ◽  
Thipjak Na Lampang ◽  
Paweena Prapainainar ◽  
Pongdhorn Sae-Oui ◽  
Surapich Loykulnant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Solvent Casting ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Mediated Oxidation

Poly (lactic acid) or PLA was reinforced by nanocellulose and polyethylene glycol (PEG), which were introduced into PLA matrix from 0 to 3 wt.% to enhance compatibility and strength of the PLA. The nanocellulose was prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder and characterized by TEM, AFM, and XRD to reveal rod-like shaped nanocellulose with nanosized dimensions, high aspect ratio and high crystallinity. Films of nanocellulose/PEG/PLA nanocomposites were prepared by solvent casting method to evaluate the mechanical performance. It was found that the addition of PEG in nanocellulose-containing PLA films resulted in an increase in tensile modulus with only 1 wt% of PEG, where higher PEG concentrations negatively impacted the tensile strength. Furthermore, the tensile strength and modulus of nanocellulose/PEG/PLA nanocomposites were higher than the PLA/PEG composites due to the existence of nanocellulose chains. Visual traces of crazing were detailed to describe the deformation mechanism.

Microstructure and mechanical property improvement of dissimilar metal joints for TC4 Ti alloy to Nitinol NiTi alloy by laser welding

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
DeShui Yu ◽  
JianPing Zhou ◽  
DaQian Sun ◽  
HongMei Li
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Niti Alloy ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
The One ◽  
Fusion Weld ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Cu Interlayer

Abstract To avoid the formation of Ti-Ni intermetallics in a joint, three laser welding processes for Ti alloy–NiTi alloy joints were introduced. Sample A was formed while a laser acted at the Ti alloy–NiTi alloy interface, and the joint fractured along the weld centre line immediately after welding without filler metal. Sample B was formed while the laser acted on a Cu interlayer. The average tensile strength of sample B was 216 MPa. Sample C was formed while the laser acted 1.2 mm on the Ti alloy side. The one-pass welding process involved the creation of a joint with one fusion weld and one diffusion weld separated by the remaining unmelted Ti alloy. The mechanical performance of sample C was determined by the diffusion weld formed at the Ti alloy–NiTi alloy interface with a tensile strength of 256 MPa.

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