Evaluation of the Efficiency of Enterprises by the Method of Analysis of Functioning Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Andrii SAKHNO ◽  
Oksana HRYVKIVSKA ◽  
Iryna SALKOVA ◽  
Lesіa KUCHER
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Calculated Line ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the research is to assess the efficiency of enterprises by the means of analysis of the functioning environment, which made it possible to identify reserves for improving the results of their economic activity. For the first time, it was proposed to use the positioning (relocation) technique of enterprise positions, although previously the method of analysis of the functioning environment was used to determine the technical inefficiency of business entities. Based on the calculated line of technical efficiency on the actual results of the enterprises, a new line of technical efficiency was constructed by moving their positions to improve the income (revenue) from sales of products and labor costs of hired workers and capital (fixed assets) in the context of maximizing profits in the environment functioning of economic entities. It is proved that improvement of the position of an enterprise allows reducing expenses not only on capital, but also on wages of hired workers. Despite the ability to reduce capital expenditures and thus increase the cost of wage labor, almost all enterprises prefer saving capital over the possibility of investing in wage earners. The results of the study can be used by managers in planning the ways to achieve profit in the context of the sustainable development strategy of the enterprise.

An Evaluation of Provincial Macroeconomic Performance in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Hoi Le Quoc ◽  
Nam Pham Xuan ◽  
Tuan Nguyen Anh
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
First Time

The study was targeted at developing a methodology for constructing a macroeconomic performance index at a provincial level for the first time in Vietnam based on 4 groups of measurements: (i) Economic indicators; (ii) oriented economic indicators; (iii) socio-economic indicators; and (iv) economic - social – institutional indicators. Applying the methodology to the 2011 - 2015 empirical data of all provinces in Vietnam, the research shows that the socio-economic development strategy implemented by those provinces did not provide balanced outcomes between growth and social objectives, sustainability and inclusiveness. Many provinces focused on economic growth at the cost of structural change, equality and institutional transformation. In contrast, many provinces were successful in improving equality but not growth. Those facts threaten the long-term development objectives of the provinces.

scholarly journals Immigration of British Coal Miners in the Civil War Decade

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Zahl Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
United States Census ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Economic Depression ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost

British coal miners immigrated to the United States in increasing numbers during the Civil War decade. Their movement from the collieries gathered momentum in the early war years and reached its peak in 1869. In 1862, almost all of the immigrants entering the United States who listed their occupation as “miner” were from Britain. As shown in the table, such men accounted for more than 73% of all immigrant miners in each of the following years of the decade for which data are available, with the exception of 1864. In 1870, the 57,214 British immigrant miners listed in the United States Census represented more than 60% of all foreign-born miners (94,719) in the country. The movement from Britain had already slowed when news of the American economic depression that began in 1873 reached the collieries in Britain, where an extraordinary demand for iron in the early 1870's had hiked coal miners' wages far above normal levels. However, when employment in the American coalfields was readily available in the 1860's and early 1870's, the risk involved in spending hard-won savings on the journey, which cost approximately £5 and took ten days by steamer, appeared reasonable. In comparison with other wage earners coal miners in Britain were relatively well-paid. They could, therefore, accumulate the cost of the trans-Atlantic passage during “good-times” at home.

Development of primary income accounting of crop production

10.12737/7736 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Закиров ◽  
Zufar Zakirov ◽  
Закирова ◽  
Alsu Zakirova ◽  
Клычова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Agricultural Organization

In modern conditions agricultural enterprises activity is affected by the organization of management, which provides economic independence of business entities, their competitiveness and return on production costs. In turn, the effectiveness of management is affected by the efficiency and adequacy of accounting information, which is received by the administrative and management personnel. The term of calculation, due to its versatility, is of a great interest on the part of scholars and practitioners. On the one hand, calculation is represented as a set of techniques of analytical accounting of expenses for production and calculation of the cost of production, on the other hand, it is presented as a component of cost accounting. All this shows, that this term includes various aspects, related to the development and acquisition of information about the production process, its costs and results. This information is undoubtedly important with the development of production activities of agricultural organization. Despite the rather close attention to the issues of cost accounting and calculation of the cost of agricultural production, there is a need to study in detail and further improvement of cost accounting and calculation of the cost of agricultural production in the management system of agricultural organization. The paper deals with the selection of objects for accounting of production, calculation facilities and calculation units in horse breeding. A method of calculating the cost of horse-breeding products was also provided. Simultaneous use of modern information technology will significantly reduce labor costs, compared to manual processing of accounting information

Accounting for environmental costs as an instrument of environmental controlling in the company

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusnikamal Taygashinova ◽  
Alfiya Akhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
Cost Accounting System ◽  
The Cost

Purpose The purpose of this paper is study the peculiarities of environmental controlling in the context of the implementation of the sustainable development strategy and the systematization of methods, functions and tools, as well as consideration of the possibility of applying environmental controlling methods in the organization through the consideration of environmental costs. Design/methodology/approach The authors solved the following problems. The authors defined the essence of the concept of “environmental controlling;” conducted an analysis of methods, functions and instruments of environmental controlling; investigated the possibility of accounting for environmental costs as an instrument of environmental controlling; and systematized approaches of using the tool of accounting for environmental costs at enterprises. Findings The approaches to accounting for environmental costs differ in the degree of integration into the existing accounting system and in the frequency of accounts handling (one-time or regular). One-time solutions to accounting for environmental costs (e.g. environmental design calculations) are calculations conducted independently of traditional accounting. Their advantage lies in the fact that they can be formed and used without affecting the existing cost accounting system. However, they generate additional costs and generally receive less recognition than integrated solutions. Accounting for environmental costs is an integrated part of the existing and regularly conducted accounting system. Research limitations/implications Accounting of environmental costs has broad prospects for use in enterprises as an environmental controlling instrument for the improvement of management efficiency and quality. Originality/value Accounting for environmental costs is necessary as an instrument of environmental controlling in order to obtain information on the enterprise interdependencies between costs, revenues, consumption of raw materials and energy as well as environmental protection measures. In addition, the consideration of environmental costs can serve companies as a source for the identification of the potential to reduce the cost of output products.

What Sample Sizes are Required for Pooling Surgical Case Durations among Facilities to Decrease the Incidence of Procedures with Little Historical Data?

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1230-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Dexter ◽  
Rodney D. Traub ◽  
Lee A. Fleisher ◽  
Peter Rock
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Times ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Duration Data ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Case Duration ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time

Background Better predictions of each case's duration would reduce operating room labor costs and patient waiting times. A barrier to using historical case duration data to predict the duration of future cases is the absence for some cases of previous data for the same scheduled procedure from the same facility. The authors examined sample size requirements for pooling case duration data from several facilities to create a 90% chance of having case duration data for almost all procedures. Methods Four academic medical centers provided data, totaling 200,401 cases classified by the scheduled Current Procedural Terminology codes. Results The 12% of cases in which procedures occurred once or twice accounted for 79% of procedures or combinations of procedures. When a procedure was being performed for the first time at a facility, that same procedure had been performed previously at least once at one or more of the other three facilities only 13-25% of the time. More than 1 million cases would be needed to have a 90% chance of having at least 3 cases for each procedure observed in the original 200,401 cases. However, with N = 200,401 cases in our initial data set, we observed less than one third of the estimated total number of possible procedures. Conclusions The lack of historical case duration data for scheduled procedures is an important cause of inaccuracy in predicting case durations. However, millions of cases probably would be required to provide historical case duration data for almost all procedures.

scholarly journals Preliminary Assessment of the Geological and Mining Heritage of the Golden Quadrilateral (Metaliferi Mountains, Romania) as a Potential Geotourism Destination

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10114
Author(s):  
Viorica Milu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Epithermal Deposits ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mining Heritage

The Metaliferi Mountains (Western Romania) are known worldwide as the richest gold region in Romania and hosts for numerous porphyry and epithermal deposits. In these mountains, mining for gold dates back to Roman and even pre-Roman times. The Golden Quadrilateral constitutes a remarkable example of an area having a significant geological and mining heritage. The main purposes of this work are to emphasize this heritage, to present, for the first time, an assessment of the geological and mining heritage of the Golden Quadrilateral as a possible geotourism destination, and to point out the important role that geotourism could have in the sustainable development of local communities. To achieve our goals, the features of thirteen sites are presented, and two geotourism itineraries are proposed. A quantitative assessment of the geosites’ capacity to support scientific, educational, and geotourism/recreational uses indicates that the Golden Quadrilateral presents a high potential not only for scientific studies but, also, for enhancement of the public understanding of science; geotourism could be part of the development strategy of rural areas. The two museums (Gold Museum and Gold Mining Museum) can have an important contribution both to the geo-education of visitors and in promoting the sustainable development of the region.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS OF BIOMETHANE PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
G.G. Geletukha ◽  
Yu.B. Matveev
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
The Cost

Biogas upgrading to quality of natural gas (NG) creates possibility to supply biomethane to the NG grid, easy transportation and production of electricity and heat in locations where there is guaranteed consumption of thermal energy. Biomethane as a close NG analogue can be used for heat and electricity production, as soon as motor fuel and raw material for chemical industry. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that the world's annual biomethane production potential is 730 bcm (20% of current world's NG consumption). World biomethane production reached almost 5 bcm/yr in 2019. According to forecast of the European Biogas Association the biogas and biomethane sector may almost double its production by 2030. According to IEA estimates, annual world biomethane production could reach 200 bcm in 2040 in case the sustainable development strategy is implemented Currently, the Bioenergy Association of Ukraine estimates the potential for biogas/biomethane production in Ukraine using fermentation technology as 7,8 bcm/yr (25% of the country's current NG consumption). The roadmap of bioenergy development in Ukraine until 2050 envisages growth of biomethane production to 1,7 bcm in 2035 and up to 3 bcm in 2050. Currently the prospects for green hydrogen development are well known. The authors support the need of hydrogen technologies as one of the way for production and use of renewable gases. However, they believe that biomethane has no less prospects. Transporting of one cubic meter of biomethane through gas pipeline at 60 bar pressure transmits almost four times more energy than transporting of one cubic meter of hydrogen. This is fundamental advantage of biomethane. Another advantage is the full readiness of gas infrastructure for biomethane. Given the cost of gas infrastructure modernization to use hydrogen, it is more cost-effective to convert green hydrogen to synthetic methane. Currently, biomethane is in average three times cheaper than green hydrogen, the cost of the two renewable gases is expected to equalize by 2050, and only further possible reduction in the cost of green hydrogen below $2/kg will make green hydrogen cheaper than biomethane. Therefore, the greatest prospects can be seen in the combination of the advantages of both renewable gases and conversion of green hydrogen into synthetic methane (power-to-gas process). Authors believe that after adoption of legislation to support the development of biomethane production and use in Ukraine, the bulk of biomethane produced in the country will be exported to EU, where more favourable conditions for biomethane consumption are developed. As Ukraine's economy grows, more and more of the biomethane produced will be used for domestic consumption.

scholarly journals INSTRUMENTAL SUPPORT TO DEVELOP A EFFECTIVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR THE REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1(66)) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
V.І. ZAKHARCHENKO ◽  
N.V. ZAKHARCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
State Of The Environment

Topicaltity. Based on the consideration of individual relationships between natural, environmental and technical risks, threats to economic security of the Ukrainian Black Sea Coast are determined, and theories and strategies for the development of the economic complex of this economic region are determined. The concept of environmental debt is used to determine the conditions for the growth of the gross domestic product and the intensity of the environmental situation. Aim and tasks. To improve approaches to instrumental support for the development of an effective sustainable development strategy for the Ukrainian region, based on the results of an analysis of existing mechanisms for regulating the development of the region. Research results. It is determined that the methodology for studying the conditions for the transition of the regional economy to a model of sustainable development should have a clear quantitative certainty - an ecological component. There is a certain attention to the approach to streamlining relations between society and nature by analogy with monetary relations between business entities. The concept of ecological debt (EB) is justified in the article: it is the change in the environment accumulated as a result of industrial viability. If, as a result of environmental activities, the state of the environment improves, this circumstance should be interpreted as payment of a part of the environmental debt. It is determined that the strategies for sustainable development of the regions of the Ukrainian Black Sea Region should be based on the predicted model of the socio-economic and environmental development of the state, and thus, in accordance with world standards, should enter the path of sustainable development. To start a practical transition to sustainable development, the regions will be able to ensure the stabilization of the overall macroeconomic situation and the achievement of a certain level of competitiveness of the national economy in the global economic space. Conclusion. Solving the main problems in the sustainable development of the regions will contribute to the improvement of the mechanism for the development of regional policies, especially to involve the scientific community in joint responsibility with the authorities for structural transformations.

The efficiency of the monodirectional economic policy of smaller countries during the globalization and multipolar world

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-949
Author(s):  
A.M. Chernysheva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
National Development ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Former Ussr

Subject. After the collapse of the USSR, smaller countries chose different paths in their economic policy during the globalization and the multipolar world. The EU, USA and Russia made a palpable contribution to the economic policy of smaller countries. Some countries of the former USSR failed to find their course, while the others immediately followed their development strategy and stuck to it persistently. Objectives. I examine the economics of the monodirectional strategy of smaller countries of the former USSR. I also evaluate how the countries found their position among different leading countries as points of attraction. The study is based on the assumption that the single direction of the national development and adherence to the same point of attraction will ensure the sustainable development. However, the economic development level depends on the health of a certain economy as a point of attraction. Methods. The study is based on the systems approach, comparative and statistical methods for analyzing macroeconomic data series. Results. I investigated the dynamics of key macroeconomic data in the Republic of Belarus, Latvia and Estonia, such as GDP per capita in current values, unemployment rate and Purchasing Power Index. Given the current phase of globalization and multipolar world, it is crucial for smaller countries to choose a development strategy to follow persistently and achieve proper macroeconomic indicators that depend on the economic stability of counties they treat as their benchmarks. Conclusions and Relevance. I should mention the successful economic policy of Estonia and Latvia, which followed the same course as the other EU countries, as opposed to the Republic of Belarus tending to the policy of the Russian Federation. Nevertheless, the monodirectional development strategy also helps smaller countries ensure their economic stability.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KACANG TANAH DI KECAMATAN SEMAU KABUPATEN KUPANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Deni K.L. Mudin ◽  
Paulus Un ◽  
Lika Bernadina
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Total Average

ABSTRACT Peanuts are one of the high economic value commodities in the dry land area. This commodity also contributes to the social life of the dry land area. This research has been conducted in Semau Sub-district, Kupang Regency, with the aim to determine the amount of income, break event point (BEP), R / C ratio, efficiency of capital use and factors that affect the income of peanuts farming, with the number of farmer respondents as many as 92 people , simple randomly selected. Data that has been collected by survey, library and interview methods; analyzed quantitatively-descriptive using regression methods. The results showed that the total average income of peanut farming in the study location was IDR 1,739,895 with a total average income of IDR 3,498,261 and a total average cost of IDR 1,758,366. While the break event point average of production is 147 Kg and the break event point price is IDR. 6.509, while for the total average the R / C ratio is 1.99. With factors that affect income are production (X1), seed costs (X2), and labor costs (X3). From the regression results with the Cobb-Douglass function the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.822 with the meaning that variations in independent variables such as production, seed costs and labor costs explain the dependent variable namely income (Y) of 82.20% and the rest 17.80 % is explained by variables outside of the variables analyzed. From the results of the F test (diversity test) it was found that the factors X1, X2, and X3 had a significant effect on income at ⍺ 1%, then accept H1 at least one of: βi ≠ 0. Whereas the results of the t test (partial test) obtained that factors significant effect on income, namely production (X1) and labor costs (X2), while the cost of seeds (X3) does not significantly affect income.

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