scholarly journals Produksi Enzim Selulase Dari Bakteri Serratia marcescens KE-B6 Dengan Penambahan Sumber Karbon, Nitrogen dan Kalsium Pada Medium Produksi

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arom Septiani ◽  
W Wijanarka ◽  
MG Isworo Rukmi
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Production Medium ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
Calcium Sources

The waste of cellulose in the agro-industry can be reduced by decomposing the cellulose polymer into glucose. This process was carried out by cellulase enzyme (EC 3.2.1.4) produced by cellulolytic bacteria. Bacteria required food as nutrition to survived their life, can be obtained through growth medium or enzyme production medium. Carbon, nitrogen and calcium belong to the essential nutrients contained in growth medium and enzyme production medium. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the addition of carbon, nitrogen and calcium source and the time of incubation on the production of cellulase enzyme from Seratia marcescens KE-B6 bacteria. This research used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) of Factorial Pattern with two factors. The first factor is the type of medium, the first medium is the standard medium (M1) and the second medium is enriched with carbon, nitrogen and calcium sources (M2), the second factor is the incubation time with 5 repetitions. The enzyme production is measured by the reducing sugar method. The data obtained were analyzed using Anova. The results showed that the addition of carbon, nitrogen, and calcium sources and incubation time did not affect the production of cellulase enzyme by Serratia marcescens KE-B6. Keywords: Cellulose, Cellulase enzyme, Serratia marcescens

scholarly journals Optimization of Cellulase Enzyme Production by Co-cultures of Fungi Isolated from Lignocellulosic Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Francis John V ◽  
Dr. Soloman P A
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Lignocellulosic Waste ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Degree Of Degradation

Fruit wastes were incubated with the mixture of cellulolytic fungi Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma viride to hydrolyze the cellulosic components and to increase the degree of degradation. . The batch experiments are statistically designed and performed using Box-Benhken method of Response Surface Methodology to investigate the influence of major parameters viz., incubation time, temperature, pH, moisture content and substrate concentration on cellulase enzyme production. Maximum cellulase production of 2.03 Units/ml (U/ml) was detected by the RSM method in a mixed culture containing fungi at a ratio of 1: 1: 1 under optimal conditions at an incubation time of 5.27 days, a temperature of 34.09 °C, pH 4.85, moisture content of 63.83% and a substrate concentration of 5.03%.

scholarly journals The Effect of Addition Mn2+ Metal Ions and Incubation Time to Bacillus cereus Cellulase Enzyme Activity from Endophytic Bacteria of Curcuma Rhizome (Curcuma zanthorrizha Roxb.)

el–Hayah ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Cahyaning Sulistyantini ◽  
Ulfah Utami
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Cellulase Enzymes ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test

Cellulase is one of the most widely used enzymes in the industrial world and wastes decomposition process. Bacillus cereus is one of the bacteria that can produce cellulase enzymes that can hydrolyze cellulose to glucose. The addition of cofactors and incubation time can help determine the optimum conditions needed by cellulase enzymes to work optimally. This study aims to determine the effect of adding Mn2+ metal ions and incubation time to the activity of cellulase enzymes from Bacillus cereus endophytic bacteria. This research is experimentally used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial design with two factor treatments and 3 times repetitions. The first factor is variation of addition Mn2+ metal ions which are 5 mM, 10 mM, and 15 mM, the second is variation of incubation time which are 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, and 5 hours. The data were analyzed using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and if the data significantly affected the parameter, then it would be continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with the fault level of 5%. The result showed that the interaction of addition Mn2+ metal ions and incubation time affected the cellulase enzyme activity of Bacillus cereus from endophytic bacteria. The highest cellulase enzyme activity obtained from interaction addition Mn2+ metal 10 mM and incubation time 3 hours with an activity 0,335 U/mL, while the lowest cellulase enzyme activity obtained from interaction addition Mn2+ metal 15 mM and incubation time 5 hours with an activity of 0,073 U/mL

Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Dan Waktu Inkubasi Terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Selulase Dari Bakteri Serratia marcescens

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Laily Kurniawati ◽  
Endang Kusdiyantini ◽  
W Wijanarka
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
A Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Enzyme Test

Enzymes are biocatalysts in living cells when cells metabolize. All living organisms are produced enzymes, both humans, animals, plants and microorganisms. One of the bacteria that has the potential to produce cellulose (EC 3.2.1.4) enzymes is Serratia marcescens. These bacteria can be isolated from water, soil and digestive tract. This research aims to find out the types of enzymes produced by S. Marcescens, to examine the effect of temperature and incubation time on selected enzyme activity. The type of enzyme test was qualitatively determined by S. marcescens growth on the amylolytic, cellulolytic, pectinolytic and chitinolytic selective medium based on the clear zone. This research was used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was the incubation time (T) which were 4 hours (T4), 8 hours (T8) and 12 hours (T12). The second factor was the treatment of incubation temperature (S) which were 40oC (S1), 50oC (S2) and 60oC (S3). Each treatment was repeated in 3 times. The data were obtained then analyzed using Anova (α = 0.05). If it is significantly different, furthermore proceed with the T test (BNT). The results showed that S. marcescens qualitatively produced only clear zones in the cellulolytic medium of 5.1 mm. The ANOVA results showed that incubation temperature (S), the interaction between incubation time (T) and incubation temperature (S) were did not have effect on cellulase activity, whereas incubation time (T)  gives a significant effect on cellulase activity were obtained at the incubation time for 12 hours (T12) with a value of 0.27 U / mL

Influence of growth conditions on heat-stable phospholipase activity in Pseudomonas

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMARATHNA KOKA ◽  
BART C. WEIMER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Milk Fat Globule

Many psychrotrophic bacteria contaminating raw milk produce phospholipase that withstands pasteurization and UHT treatments. This enzyme acts on the milk fat globule membrane and exposes triacylglycerides to the action of lipase. Phospholipase production by various isolates of Pseudomonas was investigated. The isolates were cultured aerobically at 8 °C in nutrient broth, McKellar's minimal salts medium, Chrisope's medium, and skim milk. Each strain produced phospholipase during the 50 h incubation. Enzyme production varied significantly (P < 0·001) with strain and growth medium. Strains varied significantly (P < 0·001) in their enzyme production in each medium and during the incubation time as well. Strain, incubation time, and the growth medium significantly influenced (P < 0·001) heat stability of the enzyme activity. Pasteurization reduced the activity, but did not eliminate it in skim milk.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Yeasts from Rumen Fluids for Potential Use as Additives in Ruminant Feeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Chanon Suntara ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Suthipong Uriyapongson ◽  
Vichai Leelavatcharamas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pichia Kudriavzevii ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Media ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast strain often used to improve the feed quality of ruminants. However, S. cerevisiae has limited capacity to provide biomass when inoculated with carbon sources and a low ability to produce cellulase enzymes. Here, we hypothesized that yeast in the rumen produces a large amount of biomass and could release cellulase enzymes to break down fiber content. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen, isolate and identify yeast from the rumen fluids of Holstein Friesian steers and measure the efficiency of biomass production and cellulase activity. A fermentation medium containing sugarcane molasses as a carbon source and urea as a nitrogen source was optimized. Two fistulated–crossbred Holstein Friesian steers averaging 350 ± 20 kg body weight were used to screen and isolate the ruminal yeast. Two experiments were designed: First, a 12 × 3 × 3 factorial was used in a completely randomized design to determine biomass and carboxymethyl cellulase activity. Factor A was the isolated yeast and S. cerevisiae. Factor B was sugarcane molasses (M) concentration. Factor C was urea (U) concentration. In the second experiment, potential yeasts were selected, identified, and analyzed for 7 × 4 factorial use in a completely randomized design. Factor A was the incubation times. Factor B was the isolated yeast strains, including codes H-Khon Kaen University (KKU) 20 (as P. kudriavzevii-KKU20), I-KKU20 (C. tropicalis-KKU20), and C-KKU20 (as Galactomyces sp.-KKU20). Isolation was imposed under aerobic conditions, resulting in a total of 11 different colonies. Two appearances of colonies including asymmetric colonies of isolated yeast (indicated as A, B, C, E, and J) and ovoid colonies (coded as D, F, G, H, I, and K) were noted. Isolated yeast from the rumen capable of providing a high amount of biomass when inoculant consisted of the molasses 15% + urea 3% (M15 + U3), molasses 25% + urea 1% (M25 + U1), molasses 25% + urea 3% (M25 + U3), and molasses 25% + urea 5% (M25 + U5) when compared to the other media solution (p < 0.01). In addition, 11 isolated biomass-producing yeasts were found in the media solution of M25 + U1. There were 4 isolates cellulase producing yeasts discovered in the media solution of M25 + U1 and M25 + U5 whereas molasses 5% + urea 1% (M5 + U1), molasses 5% + urea 3% (M5 + U3), molasses 5% + urea 5% (M5 + U5), molasses 15% + urea 1% (M15 + U1), molasses 15% + urea 3% (M5 + U3), and M25 + U3 were found with 2, 3, 1, 2, 1, and 2 isolates, respectively. Ruminal yeast strains H-KKU20, I-KKU20, and C-KKU20 were selected for their ability to produce biomass. Identification of isolates H-KKU20 and I-KKU20 revealed that those isolates belonged to Pichia kudriavzevii-KKU20 and Candida tropicalis-KKU20 while C-KKU20 was identified as Galactomyces sp.-KKU20. Two strains provided maximum cell growth: P. kudriavzevii-KKU20 (9.78 and 10.02 Log cell/mL) and C. tropicalis-KKU20 (9.53 and 9.6 Log cells/mL) at 60 and 72 h of incubation time, respectively. The highest ethanol production was observed in S. cerevisiae at 76.4, 77.8, 78.5, and 78.6 g/L at 36, 48, 60, and 72 h of incubation time, respectively (p < 0.01). The P. kudriavzevii-KKU20 yielded the least reducing sugar at about 30.6 and 29.8 g/L at 60 and 72 h of incubation time, respectively. The screening and isolation of yeasts from rumen fluids resulted in 11 different yeasts being obtained. The potential yeasts discovered in the rumen fluid of cattle were Pichia kudriavzevii-KKU20, Candida tropicalis-KKU20, and Galactomyces sp.-KKU20. P. kudriavzevii-KKU20 had higher results than the other yeasts in terms of biomass production, cellulase enzyme activity, and cell number.

scholarly journals Cellulase hydrolyzed Indigofera zolingeriana leaf utilization as a feed ingredient for gourami fingerling

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Jefry Jefry ◽  
Mia Setiawati ◽  
Dedi Jusadi ◽  
Ichsan Achmad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study was aimed to evaluate the utilization of hydrolyzed Indigofera zolingeriana by celullase enzyme as the feed ingredient of gourami fish. This study used a completely randomized design which contained three steps, whereas each step contained four treatments and four replications. The first step performed by evaluating the Indigofera leaf meal (ILM) added with cellulase enzyme of 0 g/kg (control), 0.4 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg, and 1.2 g/kg. The second step was the digestibility test of ILM on gourami seeds. The third step was feed evaluation added with ILM as much as 0% (control), 15%, 30%, and 45% against the growth performance on gourami seeds. The gourami seeds used in the second and third steps with a weight of 13.65 ± 0.39 g/seed and 5.95 ± 0.15 g/seed, respectively. The addition of 0.8 g/kg and 1.2 g/kg cellulase enzyme could significantly decrease the crude fiber of ILM with 43.33%, besides having the best value of total, ingredient, protein, lipid, and energy digestibility. The growth performance of gourami seeds given 15% ILM added feed had the best value and insignificantly different from the control feed without ILM addition based on the specific growth rate (SGR), protein retention (PR), and feed efficiency (FE).          Keywords: Cellulase, feed, hydrolyze, Indigofera zolingeriana, Osphronemus gouramy.   ABSTRAK   Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pemanfaatan daun Indigofera zolingeriana yang dihidrolisis enzim selulase sebagai bahan baku pada pakan benih ikan gurami. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas tiga tahap, dimana masing-masing tahap terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Pada tahap pertama dilakukan evaluasi tepung daun Indigofera (TDI) yang ditambahkan enzim selulase sebesar 0 g/kg (kontrol), 0.4 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg, dan 1.2 g/kg. Pada tahap kedua dilakukan uji kecernaan bahan TDI pada benih ikan gurami. Pada tahap ketiga dilakukan evaluasi pakan yang ditambahkan TDI sebesar 0% (kontrol), 15%, 30% dan 45%  terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan pada benih ikan gurami. Benih ikan gurami yang digunakan pada penilitian tahap kedua dengan bobot 13.65 ± 0.39 g/ekor dan 5.95 ± 0.15 g/ekor. Penambahan enzim selulase pada dosis 0.8 g/kg dan 1.2 g/kg secara signifikan mampu menurunkan serat kasar TDI sebesar 43.33 % dan memberikan nilai terbaik terhadap nilai kecernaan total, kecernaan bahan, kecernaan protein, kecernaan lemak dan kecernaan energi. Kinerja pertumbuhan benih ikan gurami yang diberikan pakan yang ditambahkan TDI sebesar 15% memilki nilai terbaik dan tidak berbeda nyata terhadap pakan kontrol tanpa TDI dari aspek laju pertumbuhan spesifik (LPS), retensi protein (RP) dan efisiensi pakan (EP).   Kata kunci: Hidrolisis, Indigofera zolingeriana, Osphronemus gouramy, pakan, selulase.

scholarly journals Wild type Bacillus subtilis treated with ethyl methyl sulphonate produced catabolite insensitive mutants with improved cellulase production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladipo Olaniyi
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Minimal Salt Medium ◽  
Salt Medium ◽  
Production Medium ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ethyl Methyl

Abstract The goal of this present investigation was to mutagenize Bacillus subtilis with Ethyl Methyl Sulphonate (EMS), screen the mutants for cellulase production and evaluate the influence of different glucose concentrations on their cellulase production potentials. The wild type B. subtilis was treated with 20, 40, 60 and 80 µl of EMS and the mutants generated were screened for cellulase production in minimal salt medium containing carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC) as the carbon source. Quantitatively, cellulase activity and protein contents were determined by dinitrosalicylic acid and Lowry methods respectively. Seven mutants were developed from each of the EMS concentration bringing the total to twenty-eight from all the concentrations. Approximately 14 and 57% of the mutants developed from 40 and 60µl of EMS had higher cellulase activities than the wild type, while none of the mutants developed from 20 and 80 µl of EMS had better activities than the wild type. The supplementation of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% glucose in enzyme production medium caused approximately 100, 14, 29 and 14% cellulase repression respectively in the mutants developed from 60µl EMS. Mutants MSSS02 and MSSS05 were considered as catabolite insensitive mutants because their cellulase production were enhanced in comparison to wild type.

scholarly journals DEKOLORISASI LIMBAH BATIK MENGGUNAKAN LIMBAH MEDIUM TANAM Pleurotus ostreatus PADA WAKTU INKUBASI YANG BERBEDA

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Fitriya Yuni Wulandari ◽  
Nuniek Ina Ratnaningtyas ◽  
Ratna Stia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honest Significant Difference Test

The batik waste industry is one source of water pollution. It must undergo treatment before discharge into the environment. Batik waste treatment technologies can be done biologically, chemically, physically, or combination of three processes. This research applied a combination of biology and physic technologies, namely used spent mushroom of Pleurotus ostreatus as the decolorization agent. Mycelium of P. ostreatus was used as biological agent, and cellulose from spent mushroom was used as physical agent. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of spent mushroom with variation incubation time on batik waste decolorization, and to know the optimum incubation time with highest decolorization batik waste percentage using spent mushroom of P. ostreatus. This research used experimental method with completely randomized design (CRD). The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Varian Test (ANOVA) on confidence level of 95% and 99% and continued with Honest Significant Difference Test (BNJ) with 95% confidence level. The result showed that variation incubation time treatment of batik waste decolorization used spent mushroom of P. ostreatus provide a highly signification effect on batik waste decolorization. The optimum incubation time was 60 hour (LW5), with decolorization percentage was 85,64%.

scholarly journals Giving Combination of Alkaline Water and Organic Calcium Sources Towards Liver Health Indicators in Broiler Chicken

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mawan Pasaribu ◽  
Vitus Dwi Yunianto ◽  
Fajar Wahyono ◽  
Bambang Sukamto ◽  
Lilik Krismiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Alkaline Water ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Liver Health ◽  
Calcium Sources ◽  
Serum Glutamate

The purpose of this study was to determine the liver health in broiler chickens which were fed with additional organic calcium sources combined with alkaline water. The material used was 240 broilers with an average body weight of 195.25 ± 6.85 g. The study used a completely randomized design with a 2x3 factorial pattern, the first factor was 3 levels of alkaline water, namely 0% (A1), 10 mL (A2) and 20 mL. (A3), and the second factor is 2 levels of organic calcium sources, namely eggshell flour (B1) and shellfish (B2). Each treatment was repeated 4 times, each filled with 7 heads. Parameters measured were serum glutamate okasaloacetate transminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transminase (SGPT) and relative liver weight. The results showed that the combination of alkaline water and organic calcium sources showed an interaction with SGOT, while the relative weight of the liver and SGPT had no interaction. The conclusion is that the combination of alkaline water levels up to 20 mL and organic calcium sources (eggshell and shellfish flour) is not harmful to broiler liver.Keywords: alkaline water, broiler chickens, liver indicators and sources of calcium

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