scholarly journals Anti-vibrio effects of the precious Tibetan pill, Rinchen Drangjor Rilnag Chenmo (RDRC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonam Dhargyal ◽  
Indhu Philip ◽  
Soma Biswas ◽  
Suma Sarojini
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Complex Formulation ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Traditional Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Tibetan precious pills are an integral part of TTM (Traditional Tibetan Medicine). Among them, Rinchen Drangjor Rilnag Chenmo (RDRC) has been named “King of Precious Pills” due to its efficacy in treating a multitude of human disorders. RDRC has a complex formulation with about 140 ingredients, mostly from medicinal plants and a few precious stones and metals. Not many studies have been done on the experimental validation of antimicrobial properties of this important pill. The current study investigated the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of RDRC. Both aqueous and chloroform extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial potential against a total of seven different bacterial species, which are pathogenic, including three species of Vibrio, viz. V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi using the well-diffusion method and also by assessing MIC and MBC values. Its antifungal potential was also studied against two fungal strains Aspergillus niger and Talaromyces islandicus. It was found that the chloroform extract of RDRC exerted a positive antibacterial effect on all the Vibrio species tested, and the least MIC of 3.33 mg/ml was observed for V. parahaemolyticus. This is the first study of its kind on the anti-Vibrio effect of the Tibetan precious pill, Rinchen Drangjor Rilnag Chenmo.

scholarly journals Screening Of Antibacterial Activity Of Nepeta Ciliaris Benth. Against Respiratory Tract Pathogens

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Shiv Shankar ◽  
M Navneet ◽  
Kumar Sanjay ◽  
M Prabhat
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

The aim of present study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of various extracts (petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and aqueous) of Nepeta ciliaris against selected respiratory tract pathogens. The extracts from the aerial parts of N. ciliaris at concentration of 200 mg/ml were screened against three gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 1144, Streptococcus pneumoniae MTCC 655 and Streptococcus pyogenes MTCC 442) and one gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2474) bacterial pathogens. The agar well diffusion method was adopted to examine antibacterial and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of most effective extracts against the susceptible bacteria. Erythromycin was used as positive control to determine the sensitivity of the strains. Out of the four bacterial species tested, S. pneumoniae was the most susceptible. The acetone extract exhibited maximum activity against all the tested microorganisms while methanol extract showed activity against P. aeruginosa. The MIC values ranged from 40 to 50 mg/ml for all the organisms. The N. ciliaris is potentially a good source of antimicrobial agents. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6049 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 100-103

scholarly journals Antibacterial potential and ethnomedical relevance of Kumaun Himalayan Gymnosperms

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 190-200
Author(s):  
Savita Joshi ◽  
◽  
S.C. Sati ◽  
Parikshit Kumar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Kumaun Himalaya ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Ethnomedicinal information is one of the powerful criteria for new drugs discoveries therefore; present investigation was carried out to evaluate the ethnomedicinal and antibacterial potential of traditional Kumaun Himalayan gymnosperms. Besides, an antibacterial value index and relative antibacterial activity of studied plants have been established. Forty four plant leaves extracts in different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, chloroform and hexane) of 11 gymnosperms (Araucaria cunninghamii, Biota orientalis, Cedrus deodara, Cephalotaxus griffithi, Cryptomeria japonica Cupressus torulosa, Ginkgo biloba, Juniperus communis, Picea smithiana, Pinus wallichiana and Taxus baccata) occurring in Kumaun Himalaya were screened for their antimicrobial activity against five pathogenic bacteria using disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of studied gymnospermic plant extracts against a panel of bacteria was found effective at 1000 µg/ml. The MIC and MBC values of each extract (where ZOI ≥ 15 mm) were also determined. The methanol extract of screened gymnosperms were found the most effective against all the bacteria (54% to 81%), followed by ethanol extract (45-72%), hexane extract (18-27%), while in chloroform extract it ranged 9-27% only. The extracts of G. biloba exhibited superior Relative Antibacterial Activity (RAA, 20%), followed by A. cunninghamii and P. wallichiana (12% RAA, each). The lowest RAA value was observed for C. torulosa (1%). All data were also analyzed for determination of an Antibacterial Value Index (ABVI) for each studied species of gymnosperm. G. biloba had maximum ABVI i.e. 90 % followed by A. cunninghamii and P. wallichiana (ABVI, 55% each). C. torulosa showed the least ABVI and RAA i.e. 5% and 11%, respectively. The present work fully highlighted the utility of traditionally known 11 gymnosperms of Kumaun Himalaya for their antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Phytoconstituent Analysis and Antibacterial Potential of Epicarp Extracts from Mature Fruits of Persea americana Mill

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Cyuzuzo Callixte ◽  
Dusabimana Jean Damascene ◽  
Anwar Ma'aruf ◽  
Yoes Prijatna Dachlan ◽  
Anggraini Dwi Sensusiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) has reported the antimicrobial resistance as one among the ten threats to global health in 2019. The development of plant-derived antibiotics is currently considered as a modern medicine’s greatest success. Persea americana is a plant with high medicinal profile which allow its different parts to be used for therapeutic purposes. This study is aimed to determine the antibacterial potential of ethanol and chloroform extracts from epicarp of mature fruits of P. americana Mill against human pathogens.Materials and Methods: The epicarps of avocado were dried in oven and ground into powder using porcelain mortar and pestle. The powdered plant materials were extracted with both 96% ethanol and chloroform. Extracts were qualitatively screened to examine their bioactive contents and agar well diffusion method was used to analyze the antibacterial activity of extracts against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Results: Both solvents showed the ability to dissolve the secondary metabolites from avocado epicarps. Phytochemical screening disclosed the presence of alkaloids, proteins, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and phenolic compounds in ethanolic extracts and absence of flavonoids and tannins in chloroform extracts. The extracts showed the inhibition zones ranging from 14±4.5 mm to 26±2.1 mm while streptomycin demonstrated high inhibition zones ranging from 20±3.1 mm to 30 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of extracts fall in the range of 0.3125 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL while the MIC values for streptomycin vary from 0.25 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL.Conclusion: The ethanol and chloroform extracts proved to be potentially effective and to be used as natural alternative preventives to fight against various disease-causing bacteria.Keywords: antibacterial activity, ethanol extract, chloroform extract, Persea americana, Rwanda

Wood materials for limiting the bacterial reservoir on surfaces in hospitals: would it be worthwhile to go further?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 1431-1437
Author(s):  
Muhammad T Munir ◽  
Florence Aviat ◽  
Didier Lepelletier ◽  
Patrice Le Pape ◽  
Laurence Dubreil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Cross Transmission

Aim: To assess the activity of Quercus petraea (oak) on five bacterial species/genus frequently involved in hospital-acquired infections for evaluating the interest of going further in exploring the possibilities of using untreated wood as a material in the hospital setting. Materials & methods: We studied the activity of Q. petraea by the disk diffusion method. Results: Q. petraea was active on Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter coalcoaceticus–baumannii complex, two bacterial species particularly resistant in the hospital environment, independently from their resistance to antibiotics, and was slightly active on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Concurrently, Q. petraea was not active on Enterococci and Escherichia coli. Conclusion: Overall, untreated wood material presented antimicrobial properties that could have an impact on the cross-transmission of certain bacterial species in healthcare settings.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of two varieties of water chestnuts (Trapa sp.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Krishna Biswas ◽  
M Omar Faruk ◽  
M Ziaul Amin ◽  
Ranajit Kumar Shaha
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Water Chestnut ◽  
Red Variety ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Context: Water chest nut (Trapa sp.), an aquatic fruit plant has been used in some area of the rural people of Bangladesh for the treatment of some chronic diseases. Objective: The main objective of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activities of the two varieties (red and green) of water chest nuts. Material and Methods: The antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts of two varieties of water chestnut fruits were studied against a number of human pathogenic bacterial species by using the disc diffusion method. The antibiotic Kanamycin (30 ?g) was used as standard. Results: The methanol extract of red variety of water chestnut showed high antibacterial potential (31 mm) against Bacillus subtilis at concentration of 600 ?g. On the other hand, green variety showed highest antibacterial activities (12 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus at concentration of 600 ?g. In disc diffusion assay, the methanol extract of red variety was found to have a significant antibacterial efficiency as compared to the methanol extract of green variety of water chestnut. Conclusion: These findings pinpoint the efficiency of these extracts to inhibit microbial growth. It may lead to the development of a new phyto-medicine. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v20i0.17725 J. bio-sci.  20:  115-123, 2012

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF LEPTADENIA HASTATA (PERS) DECNE LEAVES EXTRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac John Umaru ◽  
Fasihuddin A. Badruddin ◽  
Zaini B. Assim ◽  
Hauwa A. Umaru
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Antibacterial Potential ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Objective: This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial potential of five leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata plant on some bacteria.Methods: Leptadenia hastata extracts were evaluated for potential antimicrobial properties. The leaves of the plant were extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol and then vaporized to give respective extracts. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus and Klebsielia pneumonia, was determined by an agar well diffusion method. The optical density of the broth using UV mini spectrophotometer and zone of inhibition by the crude extract were determined.Results: The results showed that of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Leptadenia hastata, methanolic and chloroform extracts displayed more activity with 1.10±0.10 mmab and 0.97±0.06 mmab where aSignificantly (p<0.05) higher compared to different extract at the same concentration bSignificantly (p<0.05) lower compared to the control, than others at 25-1000 ppm per well of the extracts tested.Conclusion: The present results showed the potential of the medicinal plant used by traditional herbal medical practitioners as natural antimicrobial agents, thus can be further used to determine the bioactive products that may provide as leads in the development of new drugs.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial of P. vesicularis, Streptococcus faecalis, Aeromonas hydrophilia, Salmonela typhae, Stphylococcus cohni, Serratia ficaria and E. coli. of crude and n-butanol fraction fruit latex of Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-94
Author(s):  
Kandikonda Maneesh ◽  
Kanakam Vijayabhaskar ◽  
Heena Firdouse ◽  
Pingali Srinivasa Rao ◽  
Mothukuri Prajwitha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophilia

The current study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of crude and N-Butanol fraction latex of C. papaya. Methods: in vitro antimicrobial activity The test organisms were P.vesicularis, streptococcus faecalis, Aeromonas hydrophilia, Salmonela typhae, Stphylococcus cohni, Serratia ficaria and E.coli. Ciprofloxacin was used as a control for investigating the bacterial species. The Zone of inhibition was determined forconcentration ranging from 12.5mg/ml to 50mg/ml. (12.5mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 37.5mg/ml, and 50mg/ml). Antibacterial activity tested for well diffusion method. Conclusion: It is concluded that the latex of C.papaya probably contains some valuable antimicrobial compounds that are crucial for inhibiting the growth of a wide variety of bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria and suggesting this for applying the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections.

Antimicrobial properties of actively purified secondary metabolites isolated from different marine organisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilushi Indika Bamunu Arachchige ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds

Background: The treatment of infection caused by pathogenic bacteria becomes one of the serious concerns globally. The failure in the treatment was found due to the exhibition of multiple resistance mechanisms against the antimicrobial agents. Emergence of resistant bacterial species has also been observed due to prolong treatment using conventional antibiotics. To combat these problems, several alternative strategies have been employed using biological and chemically synthesized compounds as antibacterial agents. Marine organisms considered as one of the potential sources for the isolation of bioactive compounds due to the easily available, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. Methods: The online search methodology was adapted for the collection of information related to the antimicrobial properties of marine-derived compounds. These compound has been isolated and purified by different purification techniques, and their structure also characterized. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities have been reported by using broth microdilution as well as disc diffusion assays. Results: The present review paper describes the antimicrobial effect of diverse secondary metabolites which are isolated and purified from the different marine organisms. The structural elucidation of each secondary metabolite has also been done in the present paper, which will help for the in silico designing of the novel and potent antimicrobial compounds. Conclusion: A thorough literature search has been made and summarizes the list of antimicrobial compounds that are isolated from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic marine organisms. The information obtained from the present paper will be helpful for the application of marine compounds as antimicrobial agents against different antibiotic-resistant human pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of some 4-((thiophen-2-yl-methylene)amino)benzenesulfonamide metal complexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vijaya Sekhar ◽  
Subhas S. Karki ◽  
Javarappa Rangaswamy ◽  
Mahesh Bhat ◽  
Sujeet Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Schiff Base ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Azomethine Nitrogen ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sulfa Drugs ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Penicillium Rubrum

Abstract Background Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) and the metals like mercury, copper, and silver bear antimicrobial properties. The discovery of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones has reduced their use. However, in some instances these drugs are the first-line treatment. The metal-based sulfonamide (e.g., silver sulfadiazine) is considered as first choice treatment in post-burn therapy while the use of silver nanoparticle-cephalexin conjugate to cure Escherichia coli infection explains the synergistic effect of sulfa drugs and their metal conjugates. With growing interest in metal-based sulfonamides and the Schiff base chemistry, it was decided to synthesize sulfonamide Schiff base metal complexes as antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. Results The Fe (III), Ru (III), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Pd (II), Zn (II), Cd (II), and Hg (II) metal complexes of 4-((thiophen-2-ylmethylene)-amino)-benzenesulfonamide (TMABS) were prepared and studied for thermal stability, geometry, and other electronic properties. The ligand TMABS (Schiff base) and its metal complexes were screened in-vitro for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive (+ve) Bacillus subtilis (MTCC-441), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 7443), Gram-negative (-ve) Escherichia coli (MTCC 40), Salmonella typhi (MTCC 3231), and fungal strains Aspergillus niger (MTCC-1344) and Penicillium rubrum by agar well diffusion method. Results summarized in Tables 3, 4, and 5 represent the inhibitory concentration (IC50) in micromole (μM). The zone of inhibition (ZI) in millimeter (mm) represents antimicrobial properties of TMABS and its metal complexes. Conclusions The synthesized sulfanilamide Schiff base (TMABS) behaved as a neutral and bidentate ligand coordinating with metal ions through its azomethine nitrogen and thiophene sulfur to give complexes with coordination number of 4 and 6 (Fig. 3). The nucleophilic addition of sulfanilamide amino group (–NH2) group to carbonyl carbon (>C=O) of benzaldehyde gave sulfanilamide Schiff base (imine) (Fig. 2). All the metal complexes were colored and stable at room temperature. With IC50 of 9.5 ± 0.1 and 10.0 ± 0.7 μM, the Co, Cu, and Pd complexes appeared better antioxidant than the ligand TMABS (155.3±0.1 μM). The zone of inhibition (ZI) of Hg (28 mm) and Ru complexes (20 mm) were similar to the ligand TMABS (20 mm) against Aspergillus niger (MTCC-1344) as in Figs. 4, 5, and 6. None of the synthesized derivatives had shown better antimicrobial properties than the standard streptomycin sulfate and fluconazole.

Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan Composite Hydrogels with Sustained Release of Traditional Tibetan Medicine for Promoting Chronic Diabetic Wound Healing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyu Chen ◽  
Zuxin Wang ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
Wanlin Zhang ◽  
Hanwen Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Diabetic Wound ◽  
Composite Hydrogels ◽  
Diabetic Wound Healing ◽  
Traditional Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Chitosan Composite

The Tibetan eighteen flavor dangshen pills (TEP) are composed of 18 traditional Tibetan medicines, which are commonly used in the treatment of skin diseases in the Tibetan medicine system. They...

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