Evaluation of Antimicrobial of P. vesicularis, Streptococcus faecalis, Aeromonas hydrophilia, Salmonela typhae, Stphylococcus cohni, Serratia ficaria and E. coli. of crude and n-butanol fraction fruit latex of Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae)

The current study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of crude and N-Butanol fraction latex of C. papaya. Methods: in vitro antimicrobial activity The test organisms were P.vesicularis, streptococcus faecalis, Aeromonas hydrophilia, Salmonela typhae, Stphylococcus cohni, Serratia ficaria and E.coli. Ciprofloxacin was used as a control for investigating the bacterial species. The Zone of inhibition was determined forconcentration ranging from 12.5mg/ml to 50mg/ml. (12.5mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 37.5mg/ml, and 50mg/ml). Antibacterial activity tested for well diffusion method. Conclusion: It is concluded that the latex of C.papaya probably contains some valuable antimicrobial compounds that are crucial for inhibiting the growth of a wide variety of bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria and suggesting this for applying the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections.

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Study of the in vitro Anti-bacterial Susceptibility of the Commercially Available Antibiotics in Suspension or Solution Forms Collected within Dhaka Metropolis

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45532 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 79-83

Author(s):

Asma Akter Bhuiyan ◽

Mehran Mosharraff Hossain Niloy ◽

Anamika Chakrabarty ◽

Syeda Muntaka Maniha ◽

Rashed Noor

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibiotic Solution ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Antibacterial Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Tests ◽

The City

Consumption of a range of antibiotics upon bacterial infections is a common chemotherapeutic practice. Current study attempted to detect the in vitro anti-bacterial activities of such finished medicaments against some of the selected bacterial strains in order to examine their sustainable effectiveness against microorganisms. A total of six categories of samples were randomly collected from different pharmacies within the city of Dhaka. The antibacterial susceptibility tests were conducted employing the Kirby-Bauer (agar well diffusion) method. The test bacterial strains used in this study were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. putida and P. fluorescence. While E. coli was found to be sensitive towards all the antibiotics used, others showed resistance to a significant extent. flucloxacillin, cephradine and salbutamol were noticed to be completely inactive against Pseudomonas species. Besides, the salbutamol was found only to suppress the growth of E. coli but the other five test organisms were completely resistant against this antibiotic solution. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 2 December 2019, pp 79-83

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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Properties of Highly Cross-Linked pH-Sensitive Hydrogels through Gamma Radiation

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13142223 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 2223

Author(s):

Moises Bustamante-Torres ◽

Victor H. Pino-Ramos ◽

David Romero-Fierro ◽

Sandra P. Hidalgo-Bonilla ◽

Héctor Magaña ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Film Formation ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Ph Sensitive ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Polymeric Systems ◽

E Coli ◽

High Prevalence

The design of new polymeric systems for antimicrobial drug release focused on medical/surgical procedures is of great interest in the biomedical area due to the high prevalence of bacterial infections in patients with wounds or burns. For this reason, in this work, we present a new design of pH-sensitive hydrogels copolymerized by a graft polymerization method (gamma rays), intended for localized prophylactic release of ciprofloxacin and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for potential topical bacterial infections. The synthesized hydrogels were copolymerized from acrylic acid (AAc) and agar. Cross-linked hydrogel film formation depended on monomer concentrations and the degree of radiation used (Cobalt-60). The obtained hydrogel films were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical testing. The swelling of the hydrogels was evidenced by the influence of their pH-sensitiveness. The hydrogel was loaded with antimicrobial agents (AgNPs or ciprofloxacin), and their related activity was evaluated. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of biocidal-loaded hydrogel was tested against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on in vitro conditions.

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Antimicrobial Properties of a Chitosan Dextran-Based Hydrogel for Surgical Use

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.05463-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 280-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Manal A. Aziz ◽

Jaydee D. Cabral ◽

Heather J. L. Brooks ◽

Stephen C. Moratti ◽

Lyall R. Hanton

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Sinus Surgery ◽

Peptide Bonds ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Transmission Electron

ABSTRACTA chitosan dextran-based (CD) hydrogel, developed for use in endoscopic sinus surgery, was tested for antimicrobial activityin vitroagainst a range of pathogenic microorganisms. The microdilution technique was used to determine minimum inhibitory, minimum bactericidal, and minimum fungicidal concentrations. In addition, the time-kill efficacy of CD hydrogel was determined for two bacterial species. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were carried out to elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of this compound. CD hydrogel was found to be effective againstStaphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus pyogenes,Escherichia coli, andClostridium perfringensat its surgical concentration of 50,000 mg/liter. Minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged from 2,000 to 50,000 mg/liter. Dextran aldehyde (DA) was found to be the antimicrobial component of the CD hydrogel with MBC ranging from 2,000 to 32,000 mg/liter.S. aureusappeared to be killed at a slightly faster rate thanE. coli. Candida albicansandPseudomonas aeruginosawere more resistant to CD hydrogel and DA. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy ofE. coliandS. aureusincubated with CD hydrogel and DA alone revealed morphological damage, disrupted cell walls, and loss of cytosolic contents, compatible with the proposed mode of action involving binding to cell wall proteins and disruption of peptide bonds. Motility and chemotaxis tests showedE. colito be inhibited when incubated with DA. The antibacterial activity of CD hydrogel may make it a useful postsurgical aid at other body sites, especially where there is a risk of Gram-positive infections.

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Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Capparis spinosa essential oils from Algeria

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210121 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Halima Benachour ◽

Messaoud Ramdani ◽

Takia Lograda ◽

Pierre Chalard ◽

Gilles Figueredo

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Hexadecanoic Acid ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Capparis Spinosa

Abstract. Benachour H, Ramdani M, Lograda T, Chalard P, Figueredo J. 2020. Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Capparis spinosa essential oils from Algeria. Biodiversitas 21: 161-169. The essential oils of Capparis spinosa L. collected from six locations in Algeria were obtained by hydro-distillation. The chemical composition of oils was performed by GC-MS. The disc diffusion method is applied for the antibacterial activity. The extraction produced low yield (0.03%). The result of chromatographic analysis (GC/MS) leads to the identification of 33 components; palmitic acid (38.19%), nonanal-n (12.61%), cymene-2,5-dimethoxy-para (8.94%) and octacosane (5.49%) were the major components of these oils. The result of cluster analysis based on essential oils constituents showed the presence of three chemotypes,i.e., the chemotype of Nonanal-n-Cymen 2,5 dimethoxy para-Dodecanal, the chemotype of Nonanal-n-Hexadecanoic acid-tetracosane and the chemotype Tetracosane-n-pentyl furane-2-octacosane. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of caper oils against nine bacterial species showed that the oils have no activity against E. coli and have modest activities against eight other bacterial species tested; however, the desirability test shows that the oils used were not effective on the bacteria tested.

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Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Ficus capensis, Aristolochia ringens, Albizia zygia and Lannea welwitschii

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujps.v16i2.35249 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 147-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wilfred O Obonga ◽

Philip F Uzor ◽

Emmanuel O Ekwealor ◽

Sampson C Nwabuko

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

E Coli ◽

Dpph Scavenging

The present study was aimed at a comparative study of the phytoconstituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of four medicinal plants, Ficus capensis, Aristolochia ringens, Albizia zygia and Lannea welwitschii. The leaf of F. capensis and stem bark of A. ringens, A. zygia and L. welwitschii were extracted using methanol. Phytochemical analysis was done spectrophotometrically. Three in vitro antioxidant tests-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydroxyl (DPPH) scavenging models were employed. Antimicrobial test was done by agar diffusion method against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiela pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans and Aspergittus spp. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the most abundant phytoconstituents were flavonoids (F. capensis and A. zygia), reducing sugar, terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins. In the antioxidant models, A. zygia was found to produce the least IC50 in two of the models (NO and DPPH). Results of the antimicrobial tests showed that A. zygia showed a broader spectrum of activity than other plants. This study has shown that these plants possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activities which further justify their usage in traditional medicines. A. zygia featured prominently in these activities. Also flavonoids could be responsible for the bioactivities of these plants.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(2): 147-157, 2017 (December)

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In vitro Activity of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections by Escherichia coli in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance “Rejuvenate the mystery”

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2019/v30i330270 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Lubna Farooq ◽

Shaikh Nadeem Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Aitmaud Uddolah Khan ◽

Akhtar Ali ◽

Sehrish Mehmood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

E Coli ◽

Microbiological Methods ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Pathogen Burden

Background: Urinary tract infections are found to be commonest bacterial infections across the globe. Various studies have demonstrated high prevalence rate of UTIs in Pakistan. Multiple broad spectrum antibiotics are being used for the treatment of UTI but the resistance by the pathogen against these drugs is increasing worldwide. As the resistance in the organisms is increasing day by day, and it is now hall mark and matter of concern for clinicians to treat uropathogenic E. coli, so there is a pertinent need to explore new sensitive antibiotics or alternative options to manage the disease. Aims: To determine the pathogen burden and susceptibility pattern of ceftolozane/tazobactam against MDR E. coli isolates from clinical specimens of urinary tract infections in Karachi. Study Design: It was an in-vitro clinical study. Study Settings: The study was conducted in department of Pharmacology, Baqai Medical University and isolates were collected from Microbiology laboratory of Karachi. Methodology: On the basis of identification methods, one hundred and fifty (150) strains of E. coli were isolated from 650 specimen of urine. Clinical isolates were identified by standard and specific microbiological methods. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method. Samples were processed as per procedures defined by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines 2018. Results: Out of 150 isolates of E. coli, 95 (63.3%) were MDR E. coli. majority of the cases were obtained from age group 61-80 year (32.6%). Highest sensitivity was seen by ceftolozane/tazobactam (96%) followed by ceftriaxone (88%). Least sensitivity was observed with Imipenem (13.70%). However increased trend of resistance was seen among all empirical used drugs.

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Dual Nanofibrous Bioactive Coatings on TiZr Implants

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10060526 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 526

Author(s):

Mariana Prodana ◽

Claudiu-Eduard Nistor ◽

Andrei Bogdan Stoian ◽

Daniela Ionita ◽

Cristian Burnei

Keyword(s):

Membrane Integrity ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Bioactive Coatings ◽

E Coli ◽

Implant Materials ◽

Agar Disc

The objective of this research was to obtain a dual coating with antimicrobial properties on TiZr implants. The metallic surfaces were modified with two biopolymers (poly(lactic acid) and polycaprolactone), the first deposited by dip coating and the second by electrospinning, in order to create a nanofibers type of coating with antibacterial and bioactive effect. The surface characteristics of the obtained bioactive coatings were evaluated by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, by scanning electron microscopy and by contact angle measurements. The electrochemical characterization of the coatings was performed in simulated body fluid. The metallic ion release from the coated implant materials was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The in vitro antimicrobial properties of the coatings were studied using agar disc diffusion method and percentage inhibition of growth method for two bacterial strains—S. aureus and E. coli. The presence of silver nanoparticles presented high inhibition zone against gram negative bacteria like E. coli. Cell viability of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and cytoskeleton morphology, were tested in vitro for the biological evaluation. The results on in vitro cell response indicated good cell membrane integrity and viability for such nanofibrous bioactive coatings compared to the control substrate. These surface architectures design on implant materials holds promise for biomedical applications, presenting good antimicrobial properties and promote cell adhesion and proliferation.

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Biological Activities of Some Nepalese Medicinal Plants Used in Treating Bacterial Infections in Human Beings

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v10i0.2830 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 83-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shandesh Bhattarai ◽

Ram P Chaudhary ◽

Robin SL Taylor ◽

Suresh K Ghimire

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Antibacterial Property ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Human Beings ◽

Rauvolfia Serpentina

In continuation of Nepalese medicinal plant screening research, we have examined the antibacterial property of 40 methanol crude extracts in vitro using disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Overall, 95 % of the extracts showed antibacterial activity against at least one Gram-negative bacteria and 90 % of the extracts against at least one Gram-positive bacteria examined. Twenty-one extracts including Artemisia caruifolia, Dicranostigma lactucoides, Rauvolfia serpentina, and other plants showed antibacterial activity with all the tested bacterial species. The laboratory results are promising because several plants showed broad-spectrum antibacterial property. It is hoped that this scientific research will aware the related partners in Nepal to search for safe, efficacious, cheap alternative antibacterials of plant origin and may create an opportunity for biological conservation of the medicinal plants and cultural diversity conservation.Key words: Antibacterial activity; In vitro; Ethnomedicinal plantsDOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0.2830Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, 2009 December Page: 83-90

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Inhibitory effects of different hand sanitizers against the resident microflora of skin

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20195300 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 355

Author(s):

Touhida Ishma ◽

H. M. Sayeed Uddin ◽

Anik Paul ◽

Farahnaaz Feroz ◽

Mrityunjoy Acharjee

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Culture Methods ◽

E Coli ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Conventional Culture ◽

Hospital Acquired

Background: Practice of hand washing is very important to eliminate the microbial contamination especially during the work in laboratories, hospital and even at home before taking food. Proper use of hand sanitizer can significantly reduce the rate of hospital acquired infection also.Methods: The current investigation was designated to identify different bacterial species from the upper skin of hands of the laboratory managements through conventional culture methods and the efficacy of the samples (Dettol, Purell and Savlon) against the isolated bacteria through agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Results: Different concentrations such as 25%, 50% and 100% of each of antimicrobial agents showed their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. those were isolated from the hand. 25% of Dettol exhibited 20 mm zone diameter against Klebsiellaspp. Whereas 25% of Purell and Savlon unveiled 15 mm and 22 mm zone of inhibition against E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. respectively. In case of 100% sample of Dettol, Purell and Savlon, the highest zone diameter was observed as 55 mm, 50 mm and 45 mm against Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and E. coli consecutively. The MIC of Dettol sample was 8 µl against Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. In case of Purell, the MIC was 128 µl against Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were inhibited at 4 µl samples.Conclusions: The in-vitro antibacterial activity of the hand sanitizers was so satisfactory against the isolated bacteria. This finding would be very helpful for the laboratory management in order to minimize the rate of contamination during the research and supervision of the different experiment.

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Euphorbia graminea Jacq. (Euphorbiaceae): The antimicrobial assessment of the extract and fractions of the leaves

Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.48198/njpas/20.b15 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 3809-3818

Author(s):

Ikpefan E. O. ◽

Enwa F. O. ◽

Emebrado O.

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Staphyloccocus Aureus ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

This study was carried out as a result of the belief that certain medicinal plants have antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi species, hence the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the extract and fractions of Euphorbia graminea was performed against bacteria (Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal (Candida albican) non-clinical isolates. The methanol extract of Euphorbia graminea was fractionated via solvent-solvent partitioning and vacuum liquid chromatographic techniques and the corresponding fractions were tested for phytochemicals and were biologically tested against the organisms employing the agar well diffusion method. While the extract and partitioned fractions were tested at concentrations between 4.69-300 mg/mL, the vlc subfractions were tested at 12.50-200 mg/mL against the organisms. The MIC of the active vlc subfractions was also tested (9.38-37.5 mg/mL). The alkaloids as well as glycosides, tannins, terpenes and steroids were detected among the extracts and fractions of E. graminea. The extract showed mild activities against the test organisms with the highest zone of inhibition of 7.00 mm recorded at 300 mg/mL against S.aureus. The activities of both extract at 300 mg/mL, showed notable increase against the organisms used, with zones of inhibition of the aqueous extract been 10.50 and 9.50mm and for the chloroform extract, 16.50 and 13.05mm (S. aureus and E. coli respectively). The vlc sub-fraction 6-8 (C) among the other subfractions was more potent against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albican as 16.50, 12.00 and 0.50 mm zones of inhibition were recorded at 100 mg/mL. The zones of inhibition against these organisms later increased to 20.00, 18.50 and 15.00 mm at 200 mg/mL. This study has highlighted the fact that the plant E. graminea has antimicrobial activity which occurs more in the partitioned chloroform and its chromatographic vacuum liquid subfraction (6-8) that gave the highest activity. However, in order to isolate the active biological components and to determine their safety in drug production, further studies are needed.

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